- Table View
- List View
Exploring the Work of Donald Meltzer: A Festschrift
by Donald MeltzerThis book is a tribute to Donald Melzer's extraordinary contribution to psychoanalysis. It includes many of the papers given at the Tavistock Centre in London to celebrate Meltzer's 75th Birthday. Among the contributions, Margaret Rustin and Michael Rustin write on the work of Samuel Beckett; Gianna Williams elaborates upon Meltzer's thinking about the meeting of mother and baby; Didier Houzel discusses the aesthetic conflict and its connection with beauty and violence; and the Psychoanalytic Group of Barcelona describe their experience in working with Meltzer as a visiting supervisor. There are also several papers discussing the clinical relevance of Meltzer's thinking, particularly in work with children and adolescents.Apart from these papers, the book also contains a candid review by Meltzer of his own writing and thinking. This book provides a unique set of perspectives on his work and influence, and the sheer diversity of fields in which his thinking is now being used. It will surely be of continuing value to anyone interested in the state of psychoanalysis
Exploring the self through photography
by Claire CraigPhotography shows us how to look at things from different perspectives, to reflect, to communicate and to express ourselves in a way that goes beyond words. The creative and introspective qualities of this accessible arts medium make it an ideal tool for use in therapeutic contexts. In this book, Claire Craig explores how professionals working with groups can use photography to promote self-exploration and positive change. She explains how the technique works, who it can help, and how to set up and run a group. Each chapter revolves around a key self-development theme, such as communication, reflection, relationship-building and self-esteem, and contains activities which are suitable for all ages and abilities. For each activity, requirements are clearly specified, and both a warm-up and extension activity offered. Along the way, examples of photographs taken by participants in response to particular themes, and the explanations which accompany them, are provided as inspiration. This practical guide can be used in group work across a broad range of contexts, including in schools, colleges, youth groups, community settings, residential care, in-patient and day hospitals. It will be of interest to occupational therapists, arts therapists, social workers, teachers and any other practitioners interested in ways of promoting personal development through creative means.
Exposed: The Secret Life of Jodi Arias
by Jane Velez-MitchellOn June 9, 2008, the butchered body of Travis Alexander was found in his Mesa, Arizona home. The grisly nature of his death made instant headlines: with twenty-nine knife wounds, his throat slit, and a gunshot to the head, Travis was left to die. The prime suspect in the case was Alexander’s ex-girlfriend, the attractive and soft-spoken Jodi Arias. Though Arias initially said that she was nowhere near the scene of the crime, little about this case was as it seemed, and before long she had been caught lying to police. As the investigation progressed, her lies evolved multiple times before finally resting on an appalling claim: she had killed Travis in self-defense. Along the way, startling details emerged about the Mormon couple’s relationship, and soon graphic stories of their lurid sexual encounters and jealousy-driven blowouts revealed a dark side to their life together. These revelations launched a trial filled with sex and deception but also raised substantial questions about Arias’s deceit, as people from across the country struggled to understand the bizarre world of Jodi Arias.Now, award-winning broadcast journalist and bestselling author Jane Velez-Mitchell, a veteran of some of the most storied court cases in recent memory, goes behind the scenes of the trial and into the mind of a killer. Using insider accounts from friends who knew Travis and Jodi, Velez-Mitchell turns her sharply-focused lens on Arias and offers her seasoned perspective on the case’s most pressing questions. Separating fact from fiction, she reports on the bizarre and explicit stories that have both shocked and fascinated the American public—from Jodi’s romantic history before meeting Travis, to their torrid sex life together, to the complicated role their Mormon faith played in the relationship’s demise. With unbridled access to the evidence and the case’s key players, Velez-Mitchell unearths Jodi’s contentious life with those closest to her, examining the paranoid and erratic behavior behind each relationship and illustrating the disturbing pattern of a murderer in the making.Complete with photos from the case and Jane Velez-Mitchell’s fresh insights on the crime, Exposed takes readers behind closed bedroom doors to uncover the truth behind the secret and sordid life of Jodi Arias.
Expository Discourse in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Development and Disorders (New Directions in Communication Disorders Research)
by Marilyn A. Nippold Cheryl M. ScottSchool success in the 21st century requires proficiency with expository discourse -- the use and understanding of informative language in spoken and written modalities. This occurs, for example, when high school students read their textbooks and listen to their teachers' lectures, and later are asked to demonstrate their knowledge of this complex topic through oral reports and essay examinations. Although many students are proficient with the expository genre, others struggle to meet these expectations. This book is designed to provide information on the use and understanding of expository discourse in school-age children, adolescents, and young adults. Recently, researchers from around the world have been investigating the development of this genre in typical students and in those with language disorders. Although many books have addressed the development of conversational and narrative discourse, by comparison, books devoted to the topic of expository discourse are sparse. This crossdisciplinary volume fills that gap in the literature and makes a unique contribution to the study of language development and disorders. It will be of interest to a range of professionals, including speech-language pathologists, teachers, linguists, and psychologists who are concerned with language development and disorders.
Exposure And Response: Therapist Guide (Treatments That Work Ser.)
by Edna B. Foa Elna Yadin Tracey K. LichnerAn estimated 2 3 percent of the population is affected by obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This is a chronic condition that significantly affects daily functioning and quality of life. Many people with OCD would greatly benefit from receiving professional help to learn how to successfully manage this debilitating condition. This book guides clinicians in treating individuals with OCD through the use of exposure and ritual (response) prevention, one of the most effective and the most studied treatments for OCD. Designed to be used in conjunction with its companion patient workbook titled Treating Your OCD with Exposure and Ritual (Response) Prevention Therapy, this Therapist Guide includes supporting theoretical, historical and research background information, diagnostic descriptions, differential diagnoses, session by session treatment outlines, case examples, sample dialogues, practice assignments, and tailored application to the vast variety of presentations and nuances of the disorder. The manual contains the 'nuts and bolts' of how to provide the treatment and is a comprehensive resource for therapists. It is an invaluable guide for clinicians in overcoming the barriers and difficulties that are part and parcel of every treatment. "Exposure and ritual (response) prevention (EX/RP) is the best treatment we have for obsessive compulsive disorder. The Therapist Guide and Workbook by Foa, Yadin, and Licher will do two very important things. The first is to make EX/RP much more available to people suffering from OCD. The second is to help ensure that the treatment that is made more available is a treatment that should really work.
Exposure Anxiety - The Invisible Cage: An Exploration of Self-Protection Responses in the Autism Spectrum and Beyond
by Donna WilliamsExposure anxiety is increasingly understood as a crippling condition affecting a high proportion of people on the autism spectrum. To many it is an invisible cage, leaving the person suffering from it aware, but buried alive in their own involuntary responses and isolation. Exposure Anxiety: The Invisible Cage describes the condition and its underlying physiological causes, and presents a range of approaches and strategies that can be used to combat it. Based on personal experience, the book shows how people with autism can be shown how to emerge from the stranglehold of exposure anxiety and develop their individuality. It progressively shapes the individual torn between experiencing it as the sanctuary and the prison. Exposure Anxiety makes it hard to stand noticing you are noticing. It can make love a form of torture, repel you from the sound of your own voice, make you meaning deaf to your own words and those of others and compel you to avoid, divert from or retaliate against the very things that which most have the power to reach you. Exposure Anxiety progressively co-opts the identity of the person as separate to the condition or it leaves them aware but buried alive in their own involuntary responses and isolation. Exposure Anxiety is the involuntary social-emotional self-protection response that needs no enemy. It turns the world upside-down, makes no yes and yes no and co-opts and defies conventional, non-autistic teaching techniques. Exposure Anxiety has many faces. By defeating it at its own game, Donna demonstrates how the person can progressively be inspired to fight for themselves and attempt to emerge, from the undercurrent, as the tide.
Exposure Therapy
by Peter Neudeck Hans-Ulrich WittchenDespite the fact that methods of exposure therapy have proven to be highly effective in various empirical studies, they are still underused and sometimes subject to controversial discussion. There have been significant developments: In recent years, methods of exposure therapy have been applied in various areas of therapy, including body dysmorphic disorder and hypochondriasis. Exposure techniques also play an important role in the so called "third wave therapies" (Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy). And there is more recently a revival of exposure in panic and agoraphobia and GAD. On the other hand, a large number of scientific articles discuss the practical applications (ethical aspects, amount of exposure) and the theoretical foundations (habituation) of exposure therapy. In order to provide an overview of the current debate and to point out the latest developments in the area of exposure therapy, we have decided to present the current state of discussion (most contributors are scientist-practitioners) to an interested professional audience.
Exposure Therapy for Anxiety
by Brett Deacon Jonathan AbramowitzGoing beyond one-size-fits-all approaches, this indispensable book describes how to design and implement exposure-based interventions for clients suffering from any type of pathological worry or fear. The expert authors translate cutting-edge theory and research into flexible guidelines for real-world clinical practice. They present the nuts and bolts of individualized assessment and treatment planning and offer strategies for engaging clients successfully. Chapters organized around common anxiety triggers feature a wealth of case examples and specific ideas for exposure exercises. Special topics include working with child clients and combining therapy with medication. Several reproducible handouts and forms are provided.
Exposure Therapy for Anxiety, Second Edition: Principles and Practice
by Jonathan S. Abramowitz Brett J. Deacon Stephen P. WhitesideNow revised and expanded to include cutting-edge acceptance-based techniques and a new focus on inhibitory learning, this is the leading guide to therapeutic exposure, a crucial element of evidence-based psychological treatments for anxiety. The book helps the clinician gain skills and confidence for implementing exposure successfully and tailoring interventions to each client's needs, regardless of diagnosis. The theoretical and empirical bases of exposure are reviewed and specialized assessment and treatment planning techniques described. User-friendly features include illustrative case examples, sample treatment plans, ideas for exercises targeting specific types of fears, and reproducible handouts and forms that can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8½" x 11" size. New to This Edition *Chapter on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) techniques. *Reflects a shift in the field toward inhibitory learning--helping clients learn to tolerate anxiety and uncertainty to maximize long-term outcomes. *Chapter on uses of technology, such as computer-based therapy and virtual reality tools. *Conceptual, empirical, and clinical advances woven throughout.
Exposure Therapy with Children and Adolescents
by Michael A. Southam-GerowExposure therapy is highly effective for treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, yet implementation with youth and their parents entails unique challenges. Packed with clinical examples, this concise book provides practical, developmentally savvy guidelines for conducting therapeutic exposure with 5- to 18-year-olds. At each stage of the process, it addresses clinicians' most common questions and concerns. Coverage includes how to build a strong initial assessment; develop a fear ladder; individualize exposure exercises for different problem areas, including phobia, social anxiety, worry, separation anxiety, and panic; and monitor progress. Also discussed is when and how to integrate exposure with relaxation and cognitive strategies.
Exposure Treatments for Anxiety Disorders: A Practitioner's Guide to Concepts, Methods, and Evidence-Based Practice (Practical Clinical Guidebooks)
by Johan RosqvistExposure Treatments for Anxiety Disorders is a unique volume, as it draws together the latest research on the rapidly-expanding field of anxiety disorders and illuminates how to correctly apply the proven methodology of behavioral therapy techniques to the variety of situations that face today's mental health professional. That said, cognitive therapy has in the last 10 years gotten increased attention as an alternative to behavior therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders. But while it is gaining acceptance among practitioners, cognitive therapy has yet to illustrate substantial benefits above those that behavior therapy can already provide. In light of the aforementioned, coupled with the pressure many practitioners feel from managed care paradigms and shrinking healthcare coverage, this book will be a welcome resource allowing for increased clarity of action, accountability, and ultimately, positive client outcome. Each chapter is designed to address pivotal aspects in the assessment, formulation and diagnosis, and treatment of anxiety disorders, to a sufficient depth that the generalist practitioner will be comfortable using this book as a guide when working with the anxiety disordered client.
Expressing Oneself / Expressing One's Self: Communication, Cognition, Language, and Identity
by Ezequiel MorsellaUnlike any book before it, this volume embodies the state-of-the-art regarding the experimental study of human communication, by bringing together cutting edge findings from psycholinguistics, communication, cognition, neuroscience, language, and identity. Whether linguistic or nonverbal, communication poses unique computational challenges that reveal secrets of the mind/brain and social cognition unlike anything else. This volume is both a stimulating journey for the general language/communication reader, as well as a great research tool for graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and investigators.
Expressions of Drunkenness (ICAP Series on Alcohol in Society)
by Anne FoxThe goal of this book is to contribute to the ongoing scholarly discussion on the very serious topic of drunkenness. The phrase “four hundred rabbits” is one of many illustrations of the deep cultural, religious, and social influences on how individuals and communities view alcohol intoxication: The Aztecs believed alcohol to have a divine origin, with a god and goddess giving birth to 400 (meaning “innumerable” in ancient Aztec) divine children or “rabbit gods,” each representing a varying degree and expression of alcohol intoxication and drunkenness. Hence the book’s subtitle, which at first glance might seem light-hearted but in fact represents an in-depth look at a weighty topic. With such rooted sociocultural factors in mind, the International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) and DrinkWise Australia collaborated to prepare a publication that advances current understanding of the individual and collective meanings, purposes, and functions of drunkenness. As the authors explain, interpretations by different disciplines of the terms intoxication and drunkenness are often inconsistent. The chapters of this book discuss intoxication and drunkenness from three perspectives: biological, cultural, and social. By placing intoxication and drunkenness into these contexts, the book is able to offer language and conceptual tools to help advance the ongoing discussion on how best to reduce alcohol-related harm and encourage responsible enjoyment of beverage alcohol. Readers in need of an in-depth understanding of the varied dimensions of extreme drunkenness will add this excellent resource to their personal library.
Expressions of Judgment: An Essay on Kant's Aesthetics
by Eli FriedlanderThe Critique of Judgment-the third and final work in Kant's critical system-laid the groundwork of modern aesthetics when it appeared in 1790. Eli Friedlander's reappraisal of this seminal accomplishment reformulates and elucidates Kant's thought in order to reveal the inner unity of the Third Critique. Expressions of Judgment emphasizes the internal connection of judgment and meaning in Kant's aesthetics, showing how the pleasure in judging is intimately related to our capacity to draw meaning from our encounter with beauty. Although the meaningfulness of aesthetic judgment is most evident in the response to art, the appreciation of nature's beauty has an equal share in the significant experience of our world. Friedlander's attention to fundamental dualities underlying the Third Critique-such as that of art and nature-underscores how its themes are subordinated systematically to the central task Kant sets himself: that of devising a philosophical blueprint for the mediation between the realms of nature and freedom. This understanding of the mediating function of judgment guides Friedlander in articulating the dimensions of the field of the aesthetic that opens between art and nature, the subject and the object, knowledge and the will, as well as between the individual and the communal. Expressions of Judgment illuminates the distinctness as well as the continuity of this important late phase in Kant's critical enterprise, providing insights for experienced scholars as well as new students of philosophy.
Expressive Arts Therapy for Traumatized Children and Adolescents: A Four-Phase Model
by Carmen RichardsonExpressive Arts Therapy for Traumatized Children and Adolescents is the book so many expressive arts and trauma therapists have been waiting for. Not only does it lay out an organized, thorough framework for applying varied expressive arts modalities, it provides clear directions for the application of these modalities at different phases of treatment. Both beginning and experienced clinicians and students will appreciate the thoughtful analyses of ways for introducing expressive arts to clients, engaging clients with their art, being present to the art that is created, and working within a particular session structure that guides the treatment process. Readers will also receive more specific learning regarding the process of using body-focused and sensory-based language and skills in the process of trauma treatment over time. They’ll pick up more than 60 priceless expressive-arts assessment and treatment interventions that are sure to serve them well for years to come. The appendices features these interventions as photocopiable handouts that will guide the therapist working with youth through each phase of treatment.
Expressive Iteration: Designing for Meaningful Routines
by Kenny K.N. ChowA ground-breaking guide to thinking about how routine activities can be designed and innovated to develop narrative meaning and a sense of purpose.Iteration is an integral part of daily routines, such as sleep-wake cycles, commuting, workouts, chores, or practising an instrument. While many iterations just monotonously repeat, others can lead to progression or evolution. With subtle variations among iterations, we can create meaning out of repetitive acts, forging narratives from them and thus making them meaningful to us. Chow draws on rhetoric, psychology, narratology, and design-thinking to show both in theory and in practice how we can innovate the design of mundane and routine activities to give them meaning and expression. He does so by examining Asian and European-originated examples, across a range of domains including visual arts, literature, digital art, video games, and mobile applications.A must-read for designers and enthusiasts looking for ways to innovate across all domains and media and transform tedious repetitive activities into acts of intention.
Expressive Therapeutic Writing: Guiding Transformation and Restorative Care through Intermodal Arts, Word by Word
by Krystal Leah Demaine Tamar Reva EinsteinThis book brings engagement and conversation to a cross‑pollination of creative and expressive writing and multi‑modal art forms.Through the lens of expressive arts therapy, the authors demonstrate how writing can reveal the unexpected that emerges from art making. The lineage of expressive arts therapy includes artful writing, poetry, associative, creative, and memoir, for example, to engage in self‑discovery, growth, and restorative care. Each chapter is grounded in intermodal expressive arts with a central focus on creative and expressive writing, which is informed by movement, visual art, storytelling, music, sound, photography, and physical performance, including response art, and has writing prompts and invitations as well as playful and improvisational integrative arts writing explorations.Creative arts therapists and expressive therapists actively searching for creative playful self‑reflective writing practice will find this book a rewarding resource.Krystal Leah Demaine, PhD, MT‑BC, REAT, CTRS‑C, RYT, music therapist, expressive arts therapist, and professor of expressive therapies at Endicott College, practices HEARTful healing note by note through song, story, poetry, and creative curiosity.Tamar Reva Einstein, PhD, REAT, expressive arts therapist, poet/artist, and teacher, crosses cultural borders in Jerusalem with the arts as her mother tongue, threading writing and arts like her threaded beads and amulets.
Expressive Therapies
by Cathy A. MalchiodiPsychotherapists, counselors, and other health care professionals are increasingly turning to expressive therapies--including art, music, dance/movement, drama, poetry, play, sandtray, and integrative approaches--in their work with clients of all ages. This timely volume offers a comprehensive presentation of these innovative and powerful modalities. Expert contributors present in-depth descriptions of their respective approaches to intervention with children, adults, and groups, giving particular attention to strategies for integrating expressive work with other forms of psychotherapy.
Expressive Therapies Continuum: A Framework for Using Art in Therapy
by Lisa D. HinzExpressive Therapies Continuum is distinctive in its application as a foundational theory in the field of art therapy. First developed by Vija Lusebrink, this theory can be used by persons of any theoretical orientation, and has the ability to unite art therapists of varying backgrounds. The information contained in this book demonstrates how the Expressive Therapies Continuum provides a framework for the organization of assessment information, the formulation of treatment goals, and the planning of art therapy interventions. It provides rich clinical detail and many case examples that enliven the text and promote student engagement and learning. Hinz divides material into three parts. The first describes the historical roots of the Expressive Therapies Continuum and pays homage to contributions from the fields of art and psychology. The seven component parts of the ETC are examined in the second part, and the last part of the book is dedicated to assessment and clinical applications. This book's easy-to-use format and effectiveness in teaching history and application make it an essential reference for therapists and students.
Expressive Therapies Continuum: A Framework for Using Art in Therapy
by Lisa D. HinzDistinctive in its application as a foundational theory in the field of art therapy, this up-to-date second edition demonstrates how the Expressive Therapies Continuum provides a framework for the organization of assessment information, the formulation of treatment goals, and the planning of art therapy interventions. In addition to the newest research supporting the uses of art in therapy, this volume offers the latest research in media properties and material interaction, the role of neuroscience in art therapy, emotion regulation, and assessment with the Expressive Therapies Continuum. It provides case studies to enliven the information and offers practical suggestions for using art in many and varied therapeutic ways. Through rich clinical detail and numerous case examples, this book’s easy-to-use format and effectiveness in teaching history and application make it an essential reference for practitioners and students alike.
Expressive Therapies for Sexual Issues
by Sana LoueThis text is intended to help social work practitioners move beyond both these often-accepted constructions of sexuality and the range of methods that are available to social workers in their clinical practice. Various themes are apparent throughout each of the chapters in this volume: the range of sexual experience and expression that exists across individuals; a recognition of our society's responses to expressions of sexuality, including the social, attitudinal, and cultural barriers that inhibit the expression of healthy sexuality and that constrain our approaches to assisting individuals with their recovery from trauma; the need to consistently and painstakingly examine our own assumptions relating to sexuality in order to be more effective with our clients; and the delicate balance that is often required when working with clients around issues of sexuality in the context of institutions, community, and societal structures.
Expressive Therapy With Elders and the Disabled: Touching the Heart of Life
by Jules C WeissA classic book on the use of expressive therapies with uncommunicative elders and the disabled. This poignant guide explores group and individual therapeutic activities that promote creativity, self-expression, communication, and understanding of one’s life. An experienced art therapist relates his insights into the psychosocial dynamics of elders and the disabled and shares his awareness of the sensitivity and understanding required to reach the “unreachable.” Health care workers will find this illustrated volume rich in therapeutic techniques and processes applicable to the care and growth of psychologically and physically disabled or minimally handicapped adults and elders.
Expressive Therapy with Elders and the Disabled: Touching the Heart of Life
by Jules C. WeissA classic book on the use of expressive therapies with uncommunicative elders and the disabled. This poignant guide explores group and individual therapeutic activities that promote creativity, self-expression, communication, and understanding of one's life. An experienced art therapist relates his insights into the psychosocial dynamics of elders and the disabled and shares his awareness of the sensitivity and understanding required to reach the "unreachable. " Health care workers will find this illustrated volume rich in therapeutic techniques and processes applicable to the care and growth of psychologically and physically disabled or minimally handicapped adults and elders.
Expressive and Creative Arts Methods for Trauma Survivors
by Lois Carey'With the increasing probability of floods, wars, and human displacement, there will be a great need for health care professionals to help. The arts provide a new, human, and cost-effective way to bring relief and to ease some of the human suffering associated with trauma.The editor, Lois Carey, presents a compelling rationale for the use of the arts therapies to work with trauma. First, it is now clear that traumatized children have difficulty using words to describe their experience. Drawing, play, music and other creative forms allow for an indirect expression that reduces anxiety, and they also help to establish a therapeutic relationship and an area of safety. The same is true for traumatized adults, who are often nonverbal... this book can be a beginning of much-needed documentation of the use of the expressive arts methods for trauma survivors and will provide a significant and useful introduction to the field for health professionals.' - PsycCRITIQUES 'I think the descriptions of the methods are interesting and they show a lot of experience in the field of trauma-treatment. It is a well written, very readable book of the practice.' -Tijdschrift voor Vaktherapie (Journal of Therapy) 'This book throws more light on different expressive and creative arts methods in the treatment of trauma. In detailed case studies and research, the authors offer an overview of creative arts methods aiming at brain functions which are not always being reached by verbal therapy alone.' -Tijdschrift voor Vaktherapie (Journal of Therapy) 'The authors use a rich mix of interesting case material and useful explanation of the techniques for the uninitiated.' - Therapy Today 'A very good job of promoting the use of expressive arts therapy to complement talking therapies and achieve results that talking therapy cannot.' - Play Therapy UK 'If you are a parent, dealing daily with the effects of traumatised children, and especially finding it difficult to firstly access specialist therapy and secondly to understand the principles in relation to your child, then this book will give you a clear understanding of the aims and outcomes of therapies which may be on offer.' - www.adoption-net.co.uk Expressive and Creative Arts Methods for Trauma Survivors demonstrates how play, art, and music therapies, as well as sandplay, psychodrama and storytelling, can be used to aid the recovery of trauma victims. Drawing on detailed case studies and a growing body of evidence of the benefits of non-verbal therapies, the contributors-all leading practitioners in their fields-provide an overview of creative therapies that tap into sensate aspects of the brain not always reached by verbal therapy alone. Methods of exploring traumatic experiences with a view to limiting patients' distress are also explored. The techniques discussed are appropriate for work with children, families and groups and are based on established approaches, including Jungian, Child-centred, Gestalt and Freudian theories. Expressive and Creative Arts Methods for Trauma Survivors will be an enlightening read for expressive and specialized arts therapists and for students and academics in these fields.
Expressly Human: Decoding the Language of Emotion
by Mark Changizi Tim BarberGood communication, conventional wisdom suggests, is calm, logical, rational. Emotions, we&’re told, just get in the way. But what if this is backwards? What if those emotional overtones are the main messages we&’re sending to one another, and all that logical language is just window dressing? Over billions of years of evolution, animals have become increasingly sophisticated and increasingly sentient. In the process, they evolved emotions, which helped improve their odds of survival in complex situations. These emotions were, at first, purely internal. But at some point, social animals began expressing their emotions, in increasingly dramatic ways. These emotional expressions could accurately reflect internal emotions (smiling to express happiness)—or they could be quite different (smiling to cover up that you&’re actually furious, but can&’t tell your boss that). Why did once-stone-faced animals evolve to be so emotionally expressive—to be us? The answer, as evolutionary neurobiologist Mark Changizi and mathematician Tim Barber reveal, is that emotional expressions are our first and most important language—one that allows us, as social animals, to engage in highly sophisticated communications and negotiations. Expressly Human introduces an original theory that explains, from first principles, how the broad range of emotional expressions evolved, and provides a Rosetta Stone for human communication. It will revolutionize the way you see every social interaction, from deciding who gets the last slice of pizza to multimillion-dollar business negotiations, and change your definition of what makes us human.