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Fad Diets and Adolescents: A Guide for Clinicians, Educators, Coaches and Trainers
by Alicia Dixon Docter Maya Michelle KumarFad diets have influenced our society for hundreds of years. While they are heterogeneous in nature, they make many of the same promises: weight loss, fat burning, muscle building, flatter stomachs, improved gut health, clearer skin, and protection of animal rights and the environment. Not only are fad diets usually ineffective, they are often highly restrictive and associated with significant health risks. Furthermore, the practice of fad dieting dramatically increases one’s risk of developing malnutrition and/or an eating disorder. Adolescence is a period of rapid physical and socioemotional growth during which young people become more vulnerable to poor body image and low self-esteem, which may make adolescents particularly likely to adopt fad diets. However, the nutritional risk incurred could result in serious and potentially permanent impairment of physical and psychosocial development. This book provides an overview of fad diets through the ages, highlighting what all fad diets have in common and how to recognize a fad diet. Readers will learn what science tells us about nutritional needs during adolescence for normal physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development, and the risks that may be incurred if a fad diet prevents an adolescent from meeting these needs. This book examines why adolescents may be particularly prone to fad dieting and why they may also have more to lose if they adopt them. Readers will explore factors that shape adolescent diet culture. This book makes specific recommendations for caring adults in the lives of adolescents, including interdisciplinary health care providers, teachers, coaches, trainers, parents and other caregivers, to steer adolescents away from fad diets and towards healthier alternatives for achieving their goals. The initial chapters are didactic chapters that outline core material. Subsequent chapters use illustrative case examples to teach the reader how to screen adolescents for fad dieting, listen to the concerns that attracted them to the diet, engage them in a discussion about their goals, and collaborate with them to find a healthier path. All chapters conclude with discussion questions for further reflection.
Fading away: The Experience of Transition in Families with Terminal Illness (Death, Value And Meaning Ser.)
by Betty Davies PhD.This book comes out of an in-depth, qualitative study of the experiences of twenty-three families in which one parent was dying of cancer. The study attempted to better understand the impact of terminal illness on the entire family system and sought to develop a theoretical framework that would guide the assessment of and services to such families. As a result of interviews with patients, spouses and their adult children over three phases of the study, the process of ""fading away"" was identified and conceptualized in terms of various phases which contributed to this process. The book is not a research report but rather presents more generally the ideas that developed from the study, with two purposes: to increase the reader's understanding of particular experiences that families encounter when dealing with terminal illness, specifically cancer. The intended readership also includes families themselves: to propose guidelines for care to be considered by practitioners working with such families.
Fads, Fakes, and Frauds: Exploding Myths in Culture, Science and Psychology
by Tomasz WitkowskiThis book is a collection of skeptical social essays in which the author reveals that much of our popular beliefs, psychology and science are defective, because, although we live in the 21st century, our approach to them is deeply rooted in our culture, a
Faerie
by Eisha MarjaraJust days before her eighteenth birthday, Lila has resolved to end her life. The horror of becoming an adult, and leaving her childhood behind, has broken her heart.Faerie, a novel for young people, is the fierce yet gently unfolding story of a hyper- imaginative girl who is on a collision course to womanhood. She likens herself to a half-human fairy creature who does not belong in the earthly world; but in the cold light of day she is a psychiatric patient at a hospital, where she is being treated for anorexia - her sickness driven by the irrational need to undo nature and thwart the passage of time.Lila tells the story of how she ended up on the Four East wing: we flash back to her childhood in the eighties, growing up in a small town as the overweight brown kid of Punjabi immigrant parents: her father, a literary scholar whom she idolizes, and her mother, a housewife - "the most female of all females who found comfort in cooking." Faerie weaves these passages with Lila's downward spiral into life-threatening illness, her budding sexuality, and her complicated recovery in hospital that comes with a price. Written with candor and heartbreaking lyricism, Faerie is a plaintive yet ultimately life-affirming love letter to the bold, flawed splendor that is childhood.Eisha Marjara has written and directed several award-winning films, including the critically acclaimed NFB docudrama Desperately Seeking Helen. Her latest, House for Sale, has won numerous film festival awards. Faerie is her first novel. She lives in Montreal, Quebec.
Fahren auf nächtlichen Straßen unterschiedlicher Helligkeit (Verkehrspsychologie)
by Christoph SchulzeDem nächtlichen Straßenverkehr kommt eine hohe Bedeutung zu, wobei die Sichtbedingungen und deren technische Unterstützung durch künstliche Beleuchtung zentral sind. Ein Großteil der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion in diesem Bereich beschäftigt sich mit der Sichtbarkeit von mehr oder weniger definierten Einzelobjekten, oft vor einem anlassbezogenen Hintergrund der Verkehrssicherheit. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich dem weit seltener beforschten, unter Praxisgesichtspunkten jedoch höchst relevanten, regelmäßig stattfindenden nächtlichen Fahrverhalten und untersucht, welchen Einfluss das Helligkeitsniveau (nächtliche Fahrbahnleuchtdichte) darauf hat. Ausgehend von einer heterogenen Theorien- und empirische Befundlage beforschen drei Fahrsimulatorstudien unter lichttechnisch kontrollierten Bedingungen den Zusammenhang bei unbeeinflusster Fahrt (verschiedene Voraussichtweiten und fahrregulatorische Anforderungen) sowie bei Manövern im Fahrprozess, die Teil der permanenten Längs- und Querführung sind (Übergänge Gerade zu Kurve) oder eher singulären Charakter haben (Fahrstreifenwechsel). Im Ergebnis wird ein bedeutsamer Einfluss des nächtlichen Helligkeitsniveaus von Straßen auf das regelmäßige Fahren belegt und ein Beitrag zur Klärung der diesbezüglich heterogenen Literaturlage geleistet.
Fahrplan für den Flow: Kreative Blockaden analysieren und mit Coaching auflösen
by Lilo EndrissErfreuliche Flow- und Glücksgefühle entstehen, wenn sich der Mensch ungebremst seinen Zielen widmen kann. Häufig jedoch kommen Störfaktoren bei der Umsetzung seiner Ideen dazwischen - er fühlt sich blockiert. Das vorliegende Werk arbeitet mittels eines anschaulichen Fahrplans heraus, an welchen Stellen des psychischen Systems genau Blockaden der Kreativität entstehen, wie sie bezeichnet werden und wie sie durch passende Gegenmaßnahmen wie Anregungen zur Selbstreflexion, Übungen und Coaching-Tools entfernt werden können, damit die kreative Energie wieder fließt.
Fahrradpiktogramme auf der Fahrbahn: Ein Beitrag zu Flächengerechtigkeit und Verkehrssicherheit in beengten Verhältnissen (Verkehrspsychologie)
by Stefanie RufFahrradpiktogramme auf der Fahrbahn können genutzt werden, um Radfahrende in beengten Verhältnissen auf ihr Recht, auf der Fahrbahn zu fahren, aufmerksam zu machen. Gleichzeitig dienen sie als Hinweis für Kfz-Fahrende, auf Radfahrende auf der Fahrbahn vorbereitet zu sein und diesen rücksichtsvoll zu begegnen. International sind sicherheitsförderliche Effekte der Maßnahmen gut belegt, eine Untersuchung im deutschen Verkehrskontext stand bisher jedoch noch aus. Stefanie Ruf begleitet die Umsetzung von Piktogrammen in verschiedenen deutschen Kommunen mit Vorher-Nachher-Befragungen im Feld sowie mit einer ergänzenden kontrollierten Online-Befragung. Ihre Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass Fahrradpiktogramme auf der Fahrbahn auch in Deutschland einen Beitrag zu Flächengerechtigkeit und Verkehrssicherheit leisten können, gleichzeitig werden auch wichtige Einschränkungen diskutiert.
Fahrtests unter Realbedingungen: Sicherheitsvalidierung nach ISO 26262 (essentials)
by Lars Schnieder Meike JippFahrerassistenz, Fahrzeugautomation und vernetzte Systeme beschreiben die Zukunft der Automobilität und schüren die Erwartung essentiell verbesserter Verkehrssicherheit. Meike Jipp und Lars Schnieder verknüpfen eine ingenieurmäßige Sichtweise, die durch funktionale Sicherheit (ISO 26262:2018) und sichere Sollfunktion (ISO/PAS 21448:2019) geprägt ist, mit der Perspektive der Ingenieurpsychologie, die mithilfe sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden menschzentrierte Automobilität sicher zu gestalten versucht. Der Mensch wird je nach Automationsgrad als Rückfallebene mit im Gesamtsystem berücksichtigt und auch zukünftig bei der Gestaltung vernetzter Systeme, die ihr Verhalten aufeinander abstimmen, eine zentrale Rolle spielen.Die Autoren: Prof. Dr. Meike Jipp forscht am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) e.V. im Institut für Verkehrssystemtechnik. Dr.-Ing. Lars Schnieder ist als Geschäftsführer einer Software-Entwicklungsfirma für das Geschäftsfeld Sicherheitsbegutachtung verantwortlich.
Fail Better: Design Smart Mistakes and Succeed Sooner
by Anjali Sastry Kara PennIf you’re aiming to innovate, failure along the way is a given. But can you fail better? Whether you’re rolling out a new product from a city-view office or rolling up your sleeves to deliver a social service in the field, learning why and how to embrace failure can help you do better, faster. Smart leaders, entrepreneurs, and change agents design their innovation projects with a key idea in mind: ensure that every failure is maximally useful. In Fail Better, Anjali Sastry and Kara Penn show how to create the conditions, culture, and habits to systematically, ruthlessly, and quickly figure out what works, in three steps: 1. Launch every innovation project with the right groundwork 2. Build and refine ideas and products through iterative action 3. Identify and embed the learning Fail Better teaches you how to design your efforts to test the boundaries of your thinking, explore crucial interdependencies, and find the factors that can shift results from just acceptable to groundbreaking-or even world-changing. Practical instructions intertwined with compelling real-world examples show you how to: Make predictions and map system relationships ahead of time so you can better assess results Establish how much failure you can afford Prioritize project activities for disconfirmation and iteration Learn from every action step by collecting and examining the right data Support efficient, productive habits to link action and reflection Distill, share, and embed the lessons from every success and failure You may be a Fortune 500 manager, scrappy start-up innovator, social impact visionary, or simply leading your own small project. If you aim to break through without breaking the bank-or ruining your reputation-this book is for you.
Fail Fast, Fail Often
by Ryan BabineauxWhat if your biggest mistake is that you never make mistakes? Ryan Babineaux and John Krumboltz, psychologists, career counselors, and creators of the popular Stanford University course "Fail Fast, Fail Often,” have come to a compelling conclusion: happy and successful people tend to spend less time planning and more time acting. They get out into the world, try new things, and make mistakes, and in doing so, they benefit from unexpected experiences and opportunities. Drawing on the authors’ research in human development and innovation, Fail Fast, Fail Often shows readers how to allow their enthusiasm to guide them, to act boldly, and to leverage their strengths-even if they are terrified of failure. .
Fail Up: 20 Lessons On Building Success From Failure
by Tavis Smiley"Failure is an inevitable part of the human journey," says award-winning television and radio broadcaster and New York Times best-selling author Tavis Smiley. Smiley steps from behind the curtain of success to share intimate stories of his missteps, misdeeds, and often highly publicized miscalculations in Fail Up: 20 Lessons On Building Success From Failure. These instances of perceived "failures" were, in fact, "lessons" that shaped the principles and practices that now guide his life. Readers will find a kinship in Smiley’s humanness that inspires, informs, and reminds us of our ability to "fail up" in the face of life’s inevitable setbacks. The year-long celebration of Smiley’s 20th year anniversary in broadcasting will feature the Fail Up book tour.
Fail: Finding Hope and Grace in the Midst of Ministry Failure
by J.R. BriggsBest Books About the Church from Byron Borger, Hearts and Minds Bookstore"I thought God had called me to plant this church. Why did we have to shut our doors after only three years?""I was at my breaking point. Then I got the news that our nine-year-old daughter had leukemia. I would have quit ministry forever, but I had no other employable skills.""False accusations were made against me and my family, wrecking our reputation permanently and forcing us to leave not only the church, but move out of the area.""I've served my church for the past 27 years and I've grown that church from 150 to 24 people."What do we do when we've failed? Some ministries are shipwrecked by moral failures like affairs or embezzlement. But for most of us, the sense of failure is more ordinary: disillusionment, inadequacy, declining budgets, poor decisions, opposition, depression, burnout. Many pastors are deeply broken and wounded, and we come to doubt that God has any use for us.J.R. Briggs, founder of the Epic Fail Pastors Conference, knows what failure feels like. He has listened to pastors who were busted in a prostitution sting or found themselves homeless when ejected from ministry. With candid vulnerability, Briggs explores the landscape of failure, how it devastates us and how it transforms us. Without offering pat answers or quick fixes, he challenges our cultural expectations of success and gives us permission to grieve our losses. Somehow, in the midst of our pain, we are better positioned to receive the grace of healing and restoration.
Failure to Communicate: Why We Misunderstand What We Hear, Read, and See
by Roger Kreuz&“Why didn&’t they understand me? I was as clear as I could be.&” Everyone has had this thought at one time or another. Research from the fields of psychology and cognitive science can provide concrete answers to these questions. In Failing to Communicate, Dr. Roger Kreuz explores the answers to these questionsWe are exposed to the dangers of miscommunication early in life. As children, we play the Telephone Game and learn an important lesson about the fragility of long communication chains. And as adults, we are constantly on the lookout for misunderstanding. People interrupt each other, on average, about every ninety seconds in order to check their understanding. Despite such vigilance, however, a great deal of what is said and written is not understood as intended.Miscommunication has led to military defeats, the loss of spacecraft, and even more tragically, accidents that cost human lives. It plays a role in road rage and social media feuds. It haunts the courtroom, the boardroom, and the singles bar. Failing to Communicate includes dozens of such examples and explains them in light of what researchers have discovered about how communication works—and why it so often fails.Research from psychology and cognitive science has revealed a host of specific factors that contribute to misunderstanding. Some of these have to do with how our minds make sense of what we hear and read, while others are the result of cognitive, social, and cultural factors. The very structure of a given language can be problematic as well. In short, there is no one reason for miscommunication: there are a host of underlying causes.Issues of misunderstanding have only multiplied as new mediums for communication have arisen. Emails, texts, and social media posts are even more problematic because they are impoverished modes of communication. Without facial cues, tone of voice, gestures, and even the creative use of silence, our intentions in these text-only mediums are even more likely to go awry.Failing to Communicate is intended to appeal, from beginning to end, to the general reader who wants to know more about why our attempts at communication fail so often
Failure: Why Science is so Successful
by Stuart FiresteinThe general public has a glorified view of the pursuit of scientific research. However, the idealized perception of science as a rule-based, methodical system for accumulating facts could not be further from the truth. Modern science involves the idiosyncratic, often bumbling search for understanding in uncharted territories, full of wrong turns, false findings, and the occasional remarkable success. In his sequel to Ignorance (Oxford University Press, 2012), Stuart Firestein shows us that the scientific enterprise is riddled with mistakes and errors - and that this is a good thing! Failure: Why Science Is So Successful delves into the origins of scientific research as a process that relies upon trial and error, one which inevitably results in a hefty dose of failure. <p><p>Scientists throughout history have relied on failure to guide their research, viewing mistakes as a necessary part of the process. Citing both historical and contemporary examples, Firestein strips away the distorted view of science as infallible to provide the public with a rare, inside glimpse of the messy realities of the scientific process. An insider's view of how science is carried out, this book will delight anyone with an interest in science, from aspiring scientists to curious general readers. Accessible and entertaining, Failure illuminates the greatest and most productive adventure of human history, with all the missteps along the way.
Failures of Forgiveness: What We Get Wrong and How to Do Better
by Myisha CherryPhilosopher Myisha Cherry teaches us the right ways to deal with wrongdoing in our lives and the worldSages from Cicero to Oprah have told us that forgiveness requires us to let go of negative emotions and that it has a unique power to heal our wounds. In Failures of Forgiveness, Myisha Cherry argues that these beliefs couldn&’t be more wrong—and that the ways we think about and use forgiveness, personally and as a society, can often do more harm than good. She presents a new and healthier understanding of forgiveness—one that will give us a better chance to recover from wrongdoing and move toward &“radical repair.&”Cherry began exploring forgiveness after some relatives of the victims of the mass shooting at Emanuel A.M.E. Church in Charleston, South Carolina, forgave what seemed unforgiveable. She was troubled that many observers appeared to be more inspired by these acts of forgiveness than they were motivated to confront the racial hatred that led to the killings. That is a big mistake, Cherry argues. Forgiveness isn&’t magic. We can forgive and still be angry, there can be good reasons not to forgive, and forgiving a wrong without tackling its roots solves nothing. Examining how forgiveness can go wrong in families, between friends, at work, and in the media, politics, and beyond, Cherry addresses forgiveness and race, canceling versus forgiving, self-forgiveness, and more. She takes the burden of forgiveness off those who have been wronged and offers guidance both to those deciding whether and how to forgive and those seeking forgiveness.By showing us how to do forgiveness better, Failures of Forgiveness promises to transform how we deal with wrongdoing in our lives, opening a new path to true healing and reconciliation.
Fair Play
by Robert L. SimonIn this updated third edition, Simon (philosophy, Hamilton College) provides a philosophical analysis of the ethics of competitive athletics. A critique of moral and ethical relativism is offered in the introductory chapter in order to establish the justifiability of moral judgments made in subsequent sections. Simon defends competition against its critics as being, ideally, a "mutual quest for excellence," as opposed to a mere manifestation of selfishness, and he applies internal and external hypotheses as regards the origin of sports morality to particular issues of sportsmanship and fairness. New to the third edition is an examination of genetic enhancement and sports. Other moral and ethical issues and dilemmas explored include the use of performance-enhancing drugs, gender equity in sports, the commercialization of sports, violence, collegiate athletics, and the role of sports in moral education. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Fair Play
by Robert L. SimonAddressing both collegiate and professional sports, the updated edition of Fair Play explores the ethical presuppositions of competitive athletics and their connection both to ethical theory and to concrete moral dilemmas that arise in actual athletic competition. A major new section in chapter four examines the ethics of genetically enhancing athletic abilities. Other new material covers the analysis of sports and games according to influential philosopher Bernard Suits; the morality of cheating and the ethics of strategic fouling; and the impact of performance-enhancing drugs on the legitimacy of records. In addition, Simon provides enhanced considerations of the morality of competition in sports, the ethical aspects of violence in sports, and the arguments in defense of intercollegiate sports.
Fair Sex, Savage Dreams: Race, Psychoanalysis, Sexual Difference
by Jean WaltonIn Fair Sex, Savage Dreams Jean Walton examines the work of early feminist psychoanalytic writing to decipher in it the unacknowledged yet foundational role of race. Focusing on the 1920s and 1930s, a time when white women were actively refashioning Freud's problematic accounts of sexual subjectivity, Walton rereads in particular the writing of British analysts Joan Riviere and Melanie Klein, modernist poet H. D. , the eccentric French analyst Marie Bonaparte, and anthropologist Margaret Mead. Charting the fantasies of racial difference in these women's writings, Walton establishes that race--particularly during this period--was inseparable from accounts of gender and sexuality. While arguing that these women remained notably oblivious to the racial meanings embedded in their own attempts to rearticulate feminine sexuality, Walton uses these very blindspots to understand how race and sex are deeply imbricated in the constitution of subjectivity. Challenging the notion that subjects acquire gender identities in isolation from racial ones, she thus demonstrates how white-centered psychoanalytic theories have formed the basis for more contemporary feminist and queer explorations of fantasy, desire, power, and subjectivity. Fair Sex, Savage Dreams will appeal to scholars of psychoanalysis, literary and cinematic modernism, race studies, queer theory, feminist theory, and anthropology.
Fair Treatment of Persons in Police Custody
by Ralf AlleweldtThis book analyses and evaluates the international efforts to ensure the fair and human treatment of persons in police custody. Respecting the dignity of all detained persons, and in particular preventing torture, is a key issue of international human rights protection. The authors explore various approaches to tackle this issue, including the introduction of investigative, non-coercive interviewing techniques as well as the implementation of fundamental safeguards such as the access to a lawyer and a doctor. Supported by case studies, they describe the special role of national preventive mechanisms and the efforts to improve the treatment of detainees in the context of capacity building activities. Police components of international peace missions face special legal and practical human rights challenges. Authors also ask how the positive potentials and strengths within police organisations could be mobilised for realising human rights, and, last but not least, they seek to assess the prospects of how fair treatment of persons in police custody may be ensured in the future effectively.
Fairbairn and Relational Theory
by David E. Scharff Frederico PereiraThe richness of Fairbairn's work is demonstrated in a series of essays offering a unique exploration of the application of his concepts to diverse areas ranging from philosophy to psychopathology. This volume opens with an examination of the origins and relevance of Fairbairn's ideas and subsequently turns to the application of his theory to the study of depression, hysteria, and to the field of liason psychiatry. Fairbairn's ideas are further applied to the study of dreams and aesthetics in two original essays. The book concludes with a delineation of the future of his contribution to contemporary theories of object relations and to the emergence of a new psychoanalytic paradigm.
Fairbairn and the Object Relations Tradition (The\lines Of Development - Evolution Of Theory And Practice Over The Decades Ser.)
by Graham S. ClarkeRonald Fairbairn developed a thoroughgoing object relations theory that became a foundation for modern clinical thought. This volume is homage to the enduring power of his thinking, and of his importance now and for the future of relational thinking within the social and human sciences. The book gathers an international group of therapists, analysts, psychiatrists, social commentators, and historians, who contend that Fairbairn's work extends powerfully beyond the therapeutic. They suggest that social, cultural, and historical dimensions can all be illuminated by his work. Object relations as a strand within psychoanalysis began with Freud and passed through Ferenczi and Rank, Balint, Suttie, and Klein, to come of age in Fairbairn's papers of the early 1940s. That there is still life in this line of thinking is illustrated by the essays in this collection and by the modern relational turn in psychoanalytic theory, the development of attachment theory, and the increasing recognition that there is 'no such thing as an ego' without context, without relationships, without a social milieu.
Fairbairn's Object Relations Theory in the Clinical Setting
by David P. CelaniW. R. D. Fairbairn (1889-1964) challenged the dominance of Freud's drive theory with a psychoanalytic theory based on the internalization of human relationships. Fairbairn assumed that the unconscious develops in childhood and contains dissociated memories of parental neglect, insensitivity, and outright abuse that are impossible the children to tolerate consciously. In Fairbairn's model, these dissociated memories protect developing children from recognizing how badly they are being treated and allow them to remain attached even to physically abusive parents. Attachment is paramount in Fairbairn's model, as he recognized that children are absolutely and unconditionally dependent on their parents. Kidnapped children who remain attached to their abusive captors despite opportunities to escape illustrate this intense dependency, even into adolescence. At the heart of Fairbairn's model is a structural theory that organizes actual relational events into three self-and-object pairs: one conscious pair (the central ego, which relates exclusively to the ideal object in the external world) and two mostly unconscious pairs (the child's antilibidinal ego, which relates exclusively to the rejecting parts of the object, and the child's libidinal ego, which relates exclusively to the exciting parts of the object). The two dissociated self-and-object pairs remain in the unconscious but can emerge and suddenly take over the individual's central ego. When they emerge, the "other" is misperceived as either an exciting or a rejecting object, thus turning these internal structures into a source of transferences and reenactments. Fairbairn's central defense mechanism, splitting, is the fast shift from central ego dominance to either the libidinal ego or the antilibidinal ego-a near perfect model of the borderline personality disorder. In this book, David Celani reviews Fairbairn's five foundational papers and outlines their application in the clinical setting. He discusses the four unconscious structures and offers the clinician concrete suggestions on how to recognize and respond to them effectively in the heat of the clinical interview. Incorporating decades of experience into his analysis, Celani emphasizes the internalization of the therapist as a new "good" object and devotes entire sections to the treatment of histrionic, obsessive, and borderline personality disorders.
Fairbairn, Then and Now (Relational Perspectives Book Series #10)
by David E. Scharff Neil J. SkolnickW. R. D. Fairbairn was both a precursor and an architect of revolutionary change in psychoanalysis. Through a handful of tightly reasoned papers written in the 1940s and 1950s, Fairbairn emerged as an incisive, albeit relatively obscure, voice in the wilderness, at considerable remove from mainstream Freudian and Kleinian psychoanalysis. But in the 1970s Harry Guntrip made Fairbairn's thinking more accessible to a wide readership, and Fairbairn's object relations theory, with its innovative theoretical and clinical concepts, was at the center of the turn toward relational thinking that swept psychoanalysis in the 1980s and 1990s. Fairbairn, Then and Now is a landmark volume, because a thorough grasp of Fairbairn's contribution is crucial to any understanding of what is taking place within psychoanalysis today. And Fairbairn's work remains a treasure trove of rich insights into the problems and issues in theory and clinical practice with which analysts and therapists are struggling today. This is a particularly propitious time for renewed focus on Fairbairn's contribution. A wealth of previously unpublished material has recently emerged, and the implications of Fairbairn's ideas for current developments in trauma, dissociation, infant research, self theory, field theory, and couple and family therapy are becoming increasingly clear. The conference that stimulated the contributions to this volume by internationally eminent Fairbairn clinicians and scholars was a historically important event, and Fairbairn, Then and Now makes the intellectual ferment generated by this event available to all interested readers.
Fairbairn’s Object Relations Theory in the Clinical Setting: Applying Fairbairn's Object Relations Theory In The Clinical Setting
by David CelaniW. R. D. Fairbairn (1889-1964) challenged the dominance of Freud's drive theory with a psychoanalytic theory based on the internalization of human relationships. Fairbairn assumed that the unconscious develops in childhood and contains dissociated memories of parental neglect, insensitivity, and outright abuse that are impossible the children to tolerate consciously. In Fairbairn's model, these dissociated memories protect developing children from recognizing how badly they are being treated and allow them to remain attached even to physically abusive parents. Attachment is paramount in Fairbairn's model, as he recognized that children are absolutely and unconditionally dependent on their parents. Kidnapped children who remain attached to their abusive captors despite opportunities to escape illustrate this intense dependency, even into adolescence. At the heart of Fairbairn's model is a structural theory that organizes actual relational events into three self-and-object pairs: one conscious pair (the central ego, which relates exclusively to the ideal object in the external world) and two mostly unconscious pairs (the child's antilibidinal ego, which relates exclusively to the rejecting parts of the object, and the child's libidinal ego, which relates exclusively to the exciting parts of the object). The two dissociated self-and-object pairs remain in the unconscious but can emerge and suddenly take over the individual's central ego. When they emerge, the "other" is misperceived as either an exciting or a rejecting object, thus turning these internal structures into a source of transferences and reenactments. Fairbairn's central defense mechanism, splitting, is the fast shift from central ego dominance to either the libidinal ego or the antilibidinal ego-a near perfect model of the borderline personality disorder.In this book, David Celani reviews Fairbairn's five foundational papers and outlines their application in the clinical setting. He discusses the four unconscious structures and offers the clinician concrete suggestions on how to recognize and respond to them effectively in the heat of the clinical interview. Incorporating decades of experience into his analysis, Celani emphasizes the internalization of the therapist as a new "good" object and devotes entire sections to the treatment of histrionic, obsessive, and borderline personality disorders.
Fairness in Educational Assessment and Measurement
by Neil J. Dorans Linda L. CookThe importance of fairness, validity, and accessibility in assessment is greater than ever as testing expands to include more diverse populations, more complex purposes, and more sophisticated technologies. This book offers a detailed account of fairness in assessment, and illustrates the interplay between assessment and broader changes in education. In 16 chapters written by leading experts, this volume explores the philosophical, technical, and practical questions surrounding fair measurement. Fairness in Educational Assessment and Measurement addresses issues pertaining to the construction, administration, and scoring of tests, the comparison of performance across test takers, grade levels and tests, and the uses of educational test scores. Perfect for researchers and professionals in test development, design, and administration, Fairness in Educational Assessment and Measurement presents a diverse array of perspectives on this topic of enduring interest.