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Illustrations of Madness (Psychology Revivals)
by John HaslamJohn Haslam’s Illustrations of Madness, written in 1810, occupies a special place in psychiatric history, it was the first book-length account of one single psychiatric case written by a British psychiatrist. John Haslam, apothecary to London’s Bethlem Hospital, and a leading psychiatrist of the early-nineteenth century, details the case of James Tilly Matthews, who had been a patient in the hospital for some ten years. Matthews claimed he was sane, as did his friends and certain doctors. Haslam, on behalf of the Bethlem authorities, contended he was insane, and attempted to demonstrate this by presenting a detailed account of Matthew’s own delusional system, as far as possible in Matthew’s own words. Originally published in 1988 as part of the Tavistock Classics in the History of Psychiatry series, Roy Porter’s Introduction to this facsimile reprint of an historic book goes beyond Haslam’s text to reveal the extraordinary psychiatric politics surrounding Matthew’s confinement and the court case it produced, leading up to Haslam’s dismissal from his post. Still relevant today, Haslam’s account can be used as material upon which to base a modern diagnosis of Matthew’s disorder.
Im Reich der Träume: Die rätselhafte Welt des Schlafes
by David K. RandallDer New York Times-Bestseller über die erstaunlichen Erkenntnisse der SchlafforschungJede Nacht widmen wir ihm etliche Stunden: Dennoch gibt der Schlaf uns allen – Schläfern wie Wissenschaftlern gleichermaßen – verblüffend viele Rätsel auf. Obwohl wir nahezu ein Drittel unseres Lebens schlafend verbringen, wissen wir nicht wirklich, inwiefern dies bedeutsam für uns ist. Warum müssen wir überhaupt schlafen? Warum bedroht Schlafmangel unsere Gesundheit, warum ist Schlafentzug Folter? Was geschieht mit uns, wenn wir träumen? Lernen wir im Schlaf? Und was hat es mit dem Schlafwandeln auf sich?Kaum etwas beeinflusst unser Leben so sehr wie die Qualität unseres Schlafs. Schlafstörungen scheinen in Zusammenhang mit Diabetes, Bluthochdruck, Schlaganfällen und Demenz zu stehen. Und in unseren sozialen Beziehungen birgt der Schlafplatz eine Menge Zündstoff: Sollten Eltern ihr Bett mit ihrem Säugling teilen? Was tun, wenn der andere schnarcht? Ist eine Ehe zum Scheitern verurteilt, wenn die Partner in getrennten Betten schlafen?Der Wissenschaftsjournalist David Randall gewährt uns vielfältige Einblicke in die Forschungsarbeiten, die jene nächtlichen Stunden zu erhellen versuchen. Auf einer Entdeckungsreise, die von Kriegsschauplätzen bis ins Kinderzimmer führt, offenbart Im Reich der Träume, dass Schlafen nicht im Entferntesten so banal ist, wie es uns erscheinen mag, wenn wir abends das Licht ausmachen.
Image Theory: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations (Organization and Management Series)
by Lee Roy BeachDecision making plays a major role in virtually every theory of organizational behavior. However, decision theory has not provided organizational theorists with useful descriptions of how decisions are made, either by individuals or by individuals in organizations. The earliest offering came from economics in the form of the "normative" rational view of decision making. The underlying presumption was that decision makers are all striving to maximize return or minimize loss, that decisions are based upon unlimited information, and that they have the capacity to use the information efficiently. They know the options open to them and the consequences of pursuing one or another of those options. The optimal course of action is revealed by applying the appropriate analysis and choosing the most profitable option. The key concepts are rationality, analysis, orderliness, and maximization, and even a moment's thought demonstrates the gap between these concepts and real-life experience. From the viewpoint of organizational theory, the primary problem with the normative view of decision making, and by analogy with much behavioral decision research, is its reliance on the "gamble metaphor." That is, decisions are characterized as gambles in an effort to capture the inherent risk. This metaphor has the advantage of simplicity, but it is a flawed simplicity. This book is about a different kind of behavioral theory -- image theory. It is a psychological theory of decision making that abandons the gamble metaphor and the normative logic that the metaphor supports. Instead it sees decision making as guided by the beliefs and values that the decision maker, or a community of decision makers, holds to be relevant to the decision at hand. These beliefs and values dictate the goals of the decision. The point is to craft a course of action that will achieve these goals without interfering with the pursuit of other goals. The book begins with an overview of image theory that outlines the basic concepts of the theory and a little of its history. The next two parts correspond to the theory's two decision mechanisms, the compatibility test and the profitability test. The final section contains extensions and developments of the theory as well as cognate ideas that have their basis in the theory. This book's purpose is to provide -- in one place -- the theoretical and empirical work that has been done up to now and to suggest directions for future work.
Image Warfare in the War on Terror
by Nathan RogerRoger examines how developments in new media technologies, such as the internet, blogs, camera/video phones, have fundamentally altered the way in which governments, militaries, terrorists, NGOs, and citizens engage with images. He argues that there has been a paradigm shift from techno-war to image warfare, which emerged on 9/11.
Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behavior
by Roger M. Downs David SteaCognitive mapping is a construct that encompasses those processes that enable people to acquire, code, store, recall, and manipulate information about the nature of their spatial environment. It refers to the attributes and relative locations of people and objects in the environment, and is an essential component in the adaptive process of spatial decision-making--such as finding a safe and quick route to from work, locating potential sites for a new house or business, and deciding where to travel on a vacation trip.Cognitive processes are not constant, but undergo change with age or development and use or learning. Image and Environment, now in paperback, is a pioneer study. It brings a new academic discipline to a wide audience. The volume is divided into six sections, which represent a comprehensive breakdown of cognitive mapping studies: "Theory"; "Cognitive Representations"; "Spatial Preferences"; "The Development of Spatial Cognition"; "Geographical and Spatial Orientation"; and "Cognitive Distance." Contributors include Edward Tolman, James Blaut, Stephen Kaplan, Terence Lee, Donald Appleyard, Peter Orleans, Thomas Saarinen, Kevin Cox, Georgia Zannaras, Peter Gould, Roger Hart, Gary Moore, Donald Griffin, Kevin Lynch, Ulf Lundberg, Ronald Lowrey, and Ronald Briggs.
Image and Identity: Becoming the Person You Are
by L. Kris Gowen Molly MckennaThis guide for teenagers provides tools for exploring their developing identities. Some of the aspects of identity covered include family, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, friends, school interests, work, and aspirations. A number of health- and body-related issues are also discussed, including tattoos, plastic surgery, eating disorders, physical disabilities, and steroids. Gowen teaches community health at Portland State U., and McKenna is a psychologist in private practice. Annotation ©2005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Image and Reality: Kekule, Kopp, and the Scientific Imagination
by Alan J. RockeNineteenth-century chemists were faced with a particular problem: how to depict the atoms and molecules that are beyond the direct reach of our bodily senses. In visualizing this microworld, these scientists were the first to move beyond high-level philosophical speculations regarding the unseen. In Image and Reality, Alan Rocke focuses on the community of organic chemists in Germany to provide the basis for a fuller understanding of the nature of scientific creativity. Arguing that visual mental images regularly assisted many of these scientists in thinking through old problems and new possibilities, Rocke uses a variety of sources, including private correspondence, diagrams and illustrations, scientific papers, and public statements, to investigate their ability to not only imagine the invisibly tiny atoms and molecules upon which they operated daily, but to build detailed and empirically based pictures of how all of the atoms in complicated molecules were interconnected. These portrayals of “chemical structures,” both as mental images and as paper tools, gradually became an accepted part of science during these years and are now regarded as one of the central defining features of chemistry. In telling this fascinating story in a manner accessible to the lay reader, Rocke also suggests that imagistic thinking is often at the heart of creative thinking in all fields. Image and Reality is the first book in the Synthesis series, a series in the history of chemistry, broadly construed, edited by Angela N. H. Creager, John E. Lesch, Stuart W. Leslie, Lawrence M. Principe, Alan Rocke, E. C. Spary, and Audra J. Wolfe, in partnership with the Chemical Heritage Foundation.
Image, Sense, Infinities, and Everyday Life
by Michael EigenImage and sensing have been underrated in Western thought but have come into their own since the Romantic movement and have always been valued by poets and mystics. Images come in all shapes and sizes and give expression to our felt sense of life. We say we are made in the image of God, yet God has no image. What kind of image do we mean? An impalpable image carrying impalpable sense? An ineffable sense permeates and takes us beyond the five senses, creating infinities within everyday life. Some people report experiencing colour and sound when they write or hear words. Sensing mediates the feel of life, often giving birth to image. In this compelling book, the author leads us through an array of images and sensing in many dimensions of experience, beginning with a sense of being born all through life, psychosis, mystical moments, the body, the pregnancy of "no", shame, his session with Andre Green, and his thoughts related to James Grotstein, Wilfred Bion, and Marion Milner.
Image-Based Sexual Abuse and Bystander Intervention: A Mixed Methods Study of Attitudes, Barriers and Facilitators (Palgrave Studies in Cybercrime and Cybersecurity)
by Asher Flynn Adrian J. Scott Elena CamaThe Pivot explores bystander intervention and image-based sexual abuse. It fills a critical gap in the market on a significant and contemporary legal, social, public health, and criminal justice issue. It is timely in light of a number of recent high-profile instances of image-based sexual abuse perpetration, including those involving the non-consensual digital altering and sharing of sexual imagery – sexualised “deepfakes” created with AI, digital tools or software – of celebrities (e.g. Taylor Swift) and young women. This book draws upon the first mixed methods study of its kind globally and makes a substantial contribution to the conceptualisation of image-based sexual abuse and bystander intervention; an issue that has not yet been explored in detail. Drawing on criminology, gender studies, psychology, and law, it provides new theoretical and practical insights of particular relevance to practitioners, stakeholders, and government and non-government organisations on how bystander intervention can be an untapped prevention resource.
Imagery (Nato Science Series D: Ser. #42)
by Dr J RichardsonThis advanced undergraduate textbook structures and integrates research on imagery under four headings: imagery as a personal or phenomenal experience; imagery as a mental representation; imagery as a property or attribute of materials; and imagery as a cognitive process that is under strategic control. A major part of the discussion under each of these headings concerns the ways in which the structures, mechanisms, and processes in the brain mediate our subjective experience of imagery and our observable behaviour when we make use of it in cognitive tasks.
Imagery and Text: A Dual Coding Theory of Reading and Writing
by Allan Paivio Mark SadoskiImagery and Text, Second Edition extends the first edition’s unified theory of cognition in literacy from the perspective of Dual Coding Theory (DCT), one of the most influential and empirically sound theories of cognition ever developed. This theory provides a comprehensive, systematic account of all major aspects of literacy including decoding, comprehension, and response in reading and composing in writing. The Second Edition updates DCT as a scientific theory, a cognitive theory, an embodied theory, and a constructivist theory of literacy. New content includes a detailed account of the decoding process and its integral connection to comprehension, a new program of research on DCT in composing text, a review of neuroscientific support, and increased attention to multimedia literacy, socio-cultural influences, and recent educational applications. More than any other theory, DCT explains how both verbal and nonverbal cognition are woven together through all aspects of literacy. Written in concise chapters with illustrative examples, Imagery and Text is approachable for both students and advanced scholars in the field of literacy.
Imagery and Verbal Processes
by A. PaivioFirst published in 1978. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Imagery and Visual Expression in Therapy
by Vija Bergs LusebrinkImages as means of expression have fascinated and spoken to me for a long time. Yet it has been a far-reaching and circuitous journey to syn thesize imagery and visual expression in the present form. Early in my life my interest in images expressed itself in art, first as a young child drawing, then responding to works of art and enjoying the life conveyed through colors, forms, and lines that created recognizable images and suggested different moods. The centering, transformative, and spir itual aspects of art emerged as I sought out art in times of personal turmoil. I returned to the expressive aspects of art through my training as a painter. Later I discovered in my own art, as well as in others' expressions, as a teacher and an art therapist, that many times we ex press more through visual means than we are consciously aware of doing. The writings of art therapy pioneers Naumburg (1950, 1953, 1966) and Ulman (1961, 1965) and Rhyne's (1973) gestalt art therapy provided a framework for my own observations. Workshops and literature on guided imagery opened another door to the inner experience through images. The discovery of Jung's concept of archetypes helped me to integrate images into a mind/body frame bridging from the biological roots of the archetypal images to the spiritual aspects of our existence.
Imagery and the Threatened Self: Perspectives on Mental Imagery and the Self in Cognitive Therapy
by Lusia StopaImagery is important in cognitive therapy because images often trigger strong emotions, and imagery techniques such as imaginal reliving and imaginal rescripting are increasingly used in therapeutic treatments. Imagery and the Threatened Self considers the role that images of the self play in a number of common mental health problems and how these images can be used to help people to recover. Stopa and her contributors focus specifically on images of the self which are often negative and distorted and can contribute to both the cause and the progression of clinical disorders. The book includes chapters on current theories of the self and on imagery techniques used in therapy, alongside chapters that examine the role of self-images and how images can be used in the treatment of disorders including: social phobia post-traumatic stress disorder eating disorders depression bipolar disorder. Imagery and the Threatened Self is an original and innovative book that will appeal to both clinicians and students who are studying and practising cognitive therapy.
Imagery for Pain Relief: A Scientifically Grounded Guidebook for Clinicians
by David Pincus Anees A. SheikhImagery for Pain Relief, the first book of its kind, familiarizes the reader with basic scientific information about pain and mental imagery and shows why imagery is a valuable tool for pain management. Scientifically grounded and easy-to-read, it provides readers with a wealth of practical information, including imagery techniques that have been successfully used in the past. This is a useful text not only for physicians and clinical psychologists, but also for counselors, social workers, nurses, and graduate students in all health related fields, including sports medicine.
Imagery in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
by Lusia StopaRichly illustrated with clinical material, this book presents specific techniques for working with multisensory imagery in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Leading researcher-clinician Lusia Stopa explores how mental images--similarly to verbal cognitions--can trigger distress and drive maladaptive behavior. She guides the therapist to assess imagery and help clients to recognize and explore it. A range of interventions are described, including imaginal exposure, imaginal reliving, rescripting, working with self-images, and using positive imagery to improve well-being. Extensive sample dialogues and a chapter-length case example demonstrate the techniques in action with clients with a range of frequently encountered psychological problems.
Imagery, Language and Visuo-Spatial Thinking (Current Issues in Thinking and Reasoning #1)
by Johannes Engelkamp Robert H. Logie Michel Denis Cesare Cornoldi Manuel De VegaImagery, Language and Visuo-Spatial Thinking discusses the remarkable human ability to use mental imagery in everyday life: from helping plan actions and routes to aiding creative thinking; from making sense of and remembering our immediate environment to generating pictures in our minds from verbal descriptions of scenes or people. The book also considers the important theme of how individuals differ in their ability to use imagery. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, this book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in cognitive psychology, cognitive science and cognitive neuropsychology.
Imagery, Memory and Cognition: Essays in Honor of Allan Paivio (Psychology Library Editions: Memory)
by John C. YuilleOriginally published in 1983, the 14 chapters in this volume are based upon presentations made to a conference held at the University of Western Ontario in June, 1981. The primary purpose of that conference was to mark the 10th anniversary of the publication of Allan Paivio’s text, Imagery and Verbal Processes, and to acknowledge the continuing contribution that Paivio was making to imagery research and theory at the time. His landmark book had been the major publication in the field of imagery, and during the decade prior to this volume Paivio’s theorizing and research dominated the investigation of imaginal processes. It was felt the most appropriate way to honor his achievements and activities, was to hold a conference on current developments in imagery research and theory at the time.
Imagery-Based Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder and Mood Instability
by Kerry Young Emily A. Holmes Susie A. Hales Martina Di SimplicioPeople with bipolar disorder are particularly vulnerable to anxiety and intrusive mental imagery, which can contribute to mood swings and a heightened risk for relapse. This book presents a novel brief treatment that focuses on working with mental images to reduce distress and enhance mood stability. Grounded in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the book provides therapists with tested techniques for formulating individualized treatment targets, using metacognitive strategies to reduce the power of images, rescripting problematic images, and building adaptive positive images. User-friendly instructions for assessment and intervention include case examples, sample scripts, and troubleshooting tips. In a large-size format for easy photocopying, the book includes 19 reproducible handouts and session agendas. Purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials.
Images Of The Disabled, Disabling Images
by Alan Gartner Tom JoeThe first book of its kind, Images of the Disabled/Disabling Images combines an examination of the presentation of persons with disabilities in literature, film, and the media with an analysis of the ways in which these images are expressed in public policy concerning the disabled. <P><P> Leaders of the disability rights movement and major scholars of disability issues explore both attitudes toward the disabled, as well as the ways in which the disabling images of these attitudes are incorporated in employment, health, housing, and education policies. <P><P>Discussions include the appeal of new technological aids and new developments in community living. The first book of its kind, Images of the Disabled/Disabling Images combines an examination of the presentation of persons with disabilities in literature, film, and the media with an analysis of the ways in which these images are expressed in public policy concerning the disabled. Leaders of the disability rights movement and major scholars of disability issues explore both attitudes toward the disabled, as well as the ways in which the disabling images of these attitudes are incorporated in employment, health, housing, and education policies. Discussions include the appeal of new technological aids and new developments in community living.
Images and Symbols: Studies in Religious Symbolism (Bollingen Series #684)
by Mircea EliadeMircea Eliade--one of the most renowned expositors of the psychology of religion, mythology, and magic--shows that myth and symbol constitute a mode of thought that not only came before that of discursive and logical reasoning, but is still an essential function of human consciousness. He describes and analyzes some of the most powerful and ubiquitous symbols that have ruled the mythological thinking of East and West in many times and at many levels of cultural development.
Images of Art Therapy: New Developments in Theory and Practice (Psychology Revivals)
by Tessa Dalley Caroline Case Joy Schaverien Diane Waller Felicity Weir Diana Halliday Patsy Nowell HallWorking through the process of image-making in a therapeutic relationship, the art therapist is able to explore feelings, fantasies, and myths in different setting with diverse client groups. Originally published in 1987 Images of Art Therapy is a collection of essays by experienced art therapists which discuss and develop both theoretical and practical issues central to art therapy. The authors describe how they work through the use of illustrated case material which includes children, adolescents, and adults, in normal schools, psychiatric hospitals, therapeutic communities, and out-patient clinics. Theoretical considerations include bereavement, play, transference, symbolism, and verbal versus non-verbal communication. The first book on art therapy, Art as Therapy, edited by Tessa Dalley, was a useful introduction to the subject. Images of Art Therapy expands the issues raised in the earlier book in more depth, and develops new and innovative ideas which it was hoped, at the time, would influence both the theory and practice of art therapy in the future.
Images of Childhood
by Michael E. Lamb Irving E. Sigel C. Philip HwangThe twentieth century will surely be remembered as a period of remarkable calamity, vigorous intellectual activity, and striking technological progress. For the first time in history, the development of rapid forms of communication and transportation shrunk the effective size of the world so that many of its citizens were made aware of events occurring in far-distant locations and came to appreciate cultural differences more directly than was previously possible. Among the many trends and events for which the century may be remembered, however, one will surely be the ascendancy of science and scientific thinking. Given adequate resources and ample time, scientists have argued they will be able to reduce the mysteries of the universe, as well as the mysteries of life and death, to objectifiable processes and events. The editors of this book draw attention to the implicit and explicit images of childhood that various disciplines -- especially development psychology -- have constructed. These sometimes unspoken metaphors have enduring value in that they provide a means of drawing together, integrating, and interpreting otherwise disparate findings or conclusions. They also provide a ready means of conveying the fruits of scientific research to the people who constitute its primary consumers. The contributors strive to show that the images of childhood that each professional implicitly carries in her or his head vary across historical epochs, just as they vary across cultures and subcultures. Perhaps even more alarmingly, some of these images seem to reflect the politically correct ideology of particular times and places, at least as much as they represent the objective findings they purport to summarize. This volume's main objective is to unpackage cultural and historical variations in the conception of childhood in order to make clearer those which might be considered universal aspects of behavioral and psychological development and those which must be seen as temporary cultural constructions or images. The specific aims of this volume are to: * delineate images of childhood in diverse cultural, subcultural, and historical contexts; * illustrate how these images of childhood are manifested in popular proverbs as well as in distinct patterns of childrearing, broadly conceived to include aspects of parental behavior, childcare arrangements, education, indoctrination, and the assignment of responsibilities; * indicate how these images of childhood are manifest in the development and implementation of educational and social policies as well as in the legal status of children; * consider whether children are believed to have a privileged place in society and whether age-graded constraints limit their roles and participation in society; and * evaluate the extent to which cultural images affect the ways in which developmental processes are viewed or understood.
Images of Savages: Ancient Roots of Modern Prejudice in Western Culture
by Gustav JahodaIn Images of Savages, the distinguished psychologist Gustav Jahoda advances the provocative thesis that racism and the perpetual alienation of a racialized 'other' are a central leagacy of the Western tradition. Finding the roots of these demonizations deep in the myth and traditions of classical antiquity, he examines how the monstrous humanoid creatures of ancient myth and the fabulous "wild men" of the medieval European woods shaped early modern explorers' interpretations of the New World they encountered. Drawing on a global scale the schematic of the Western imagination of its "others," Jahoda locates the persistent identification of the racialized other with cannibalism, sexual abandon and animal drives. Turning to Europe's scientific tradition, Jahoda traces this imagery through the work of 18th century scientists on the relationship between humans and apes, the new racist biology of the 19th century studies of "savagery" as an arrested evolutionary state, and the assignment, especially of blacks, to a status intermediate between humans and animals, or that of children in need of paternal protection from Western masters. Finding in these traditional tropes a central influence upon the most current psychological theory, Jahoda presents a startling historical continuity of racial figuration that persists right up to the present day. Far from suggesting a program for the eradication of racial stereotypes, this remarkable effort nevertheless isolates the most significant barriers to equality buried deep within the Western tradition, and proposes a potentially redemptive self-awareness that will contribute to the gradual dismantling of racial injustice and alienation. Gustav Jahoda demonstrates how deeply rooted Western perceptions going back more than a thousand years are still feeding racial prejudice today. This highly original socio-historical contextualisation will be invaluable to scholars of psychology, sociology and anthropology, and to all those interested in the sources of racial prejudice.
Images of the Dead in Grief Dreams: A Jungian View of Mourning
by Susan OlsonWhile in training at the C.G. Jung Institute in Zürich in 1988, Susan Olson suffered the loss of her daughter in an auto accident. In this intimate and unique exploration, Olson uses C. G. Jung’s psychological framework to describe her journey through tragedy, guided by a series of vivid dreams. In Images of the Dead in Grief Dreams: A Jungian View of Mourning, Jung's definition of the dream as a "harbinger of fate, a portent and comforter, a messenger of the gods" evolves from theory into embodied insight as Olson describes her encounter with the transforming power of grief. Drawing from personal experience as well as theoretical and clinical material, Olson presents premonitory dreams, which occur before the loss of a loved one, and grief dreams, which follow a loved one’s death, and analyzes both according to Jung’s method of dream interpretation. Sharing her own dreams as well as those of other mourners, Olson asserts that such dreams play a crucial role in the dreamer’s emotional recovery and psychological development, otherwise known as the process of individuation. She sensitively offers an assessment of the stages of grief and draws on the Greek myth of Demeter and Persephone, Jung’s memoirs, and other literature to amplify her experience of mourning. In this rare combination of grief theory and dream work, Images of the Dead in Grief Dreams is both a grief memoir and an extensive study of C. G. Jung’s view of the mourning process. This fully updated revised edition will be of immense interest to Jungian analysts and trainees, academics, psychologists, students of Jungian dream analysis, and to all who have suffered loss.