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Incarnating Feelings, Constructing Communities: Experiencing Emotions via Education, Violence, and Public Policy in the Americas
by Ana María Forero Angel Catalina González Quintero Allison B. WolfAttempting to connect the academic discussion around the anthropology and philosophy of the emotions to real-life, everyday experiences, this collection brings together concrete cases and situations arising from specific social and political contexts throughout the Americas. In particular, the authors explore how emotions are generated, constructed, discovered, manipulated, and experienced throughout the Americas by exploring undertheorized topics ranging from investigating the emotional lives of prisoners in Colombia and Brazil who have committed “crimes of passion,” to Colombian soldiers’ experiences of core “emotional events,” to the role of emotions in immigration policy in the United States, to how emotions affect educators’ abilities to teach certain material. Taken as a whole, this innovative, interdisciplinary, collection of original essays is not merely comparative, but rather seeks to bring voices and methodologies from North and South America into conversation to generate innovative analyses and ways to reflect about emotions in response to violence, state policies, and educational systems.
Incarnating Grace: A Theology of Healing from Sexual Trauma
by Julia FederWINNER, COLLEGE THEOLOGY SOCIETY BOOK AWARDPrioritizes survivors of abuse by reexamining Christian ideals about suffering and salvation More than half of women and almost one in three of men in the United States have experienced sexual violence at some time in their lives. Yet our Christian tradition has failed survivors of sexual violence, who have been taught to believe that traumatic suffering brings us closer to God. Incarnating Grace attempts to save our broken ways of talking about God’s grace by unearthing liberating resources buried in the Christian tradition.Christian ideas about salvation have historically contributed to sexual violence in our communities by reinforcing the idea that suffering is salvific. But a God worth worshiping does not want human beings to suffer. Drawing on the sixteenth-century Spanish mystic Teresa of Avila as well as contemporary political and feminist theologians, philosophers, and legal scholars, author and Associate Professor of theology Julia Feder offers an account of Christian salvation as mystical-political.Feder begins by describing the breadth of traumatic wounding and the shape of traumatic recovery, as articulated by psychologists. Since the fullness of post-traumatic healing requires reserves deeper than those which can be articulated by the secular field of psychology alone, the book then introduces the Spanish Carmelite Saint Teresa of Avila and her theological insights, which are most helpful for constructing a post-traumatic theology of healing. Arguing that God stands against violence and suffering, the book also examines the notion of “senseless suffering,” a technical term that comes from Edward Schillebeeckx, a Catholic twentieth-century Flemish priest and theologian. The suffering of sexual violence serves no higher purpose or greater human value and pushes against all ways of making sense of the world as good and orderly. In the following chapters, Feder turns to two Christian virtues that animate post-traumatic recovery, courage and hope, and explores how Christian hope can provide a language to empower courageous activity undertaken toward healing.Incarnating Grace opens a new dialogue about salvation and violence that does not allow evil to have the last word.
Incentives (3rd Edition): Motivation and the Economics of Information
by Donald E. CampbellWhen incentives work well, individuals prosper. When incentives are poor, the pursuit of self-interest is self-defeating. This book is wholly devoted to the topical subject of incentives from individual, collective, and institutional standpoints. <P><P>This third edition is fully updated and expanded, including a new section on the 2007–08 financial crisis and a new chapter on networks as well as specific applications of school placement for students, search engine ad auctions, pollution permits, and more. Using worked examples and lucid general theory in its analysis, and seasoned with references to current and past events, Incentives: Motivation and the Economics of Information examines: the performance of agents hired to carry out specific tasks, from taxi drivers to CEOs; the performance of institutions, from voting schemes to medical panels deciding who gets kidney transplants; a wide range of market transactions, from auctions to labor markets to the entire economy. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying incentives as part of courses in microeconomics, economic theory, managerial economics, political economy, and related areas of social science.
Incest Fantasies and Self-Destructive Acts: Jungian and Post-Jungian Psychotherapy in Adolescence
by Mara SidoliMainstream analysts working in the Jungian tradition have largely neglected adolescents. Mara Sidoli and Gustav Bovensiepen remedy that omission by showing how and why psychological and physical abuse suffered by young children erupts in violent and destructive behavior against the self and others. Using clinical material, they establish the link between archetypal imagery, disturbed behavior, and instinctual drive.Drawing from all schools of analytical psychology, the authors, along with several associates, focus mainly on severe neurotic disturbances and behavioral problems occurring in adolescence. Because most disturbances originate in the body, the contributors concentrate on self-destructive behavior: suicide, self-mutilation, and other self-damaging acts. Focused heavily on the treatment of these adolescents, the text has selections from an international group of contributors, providing diverse accounts of both theoretical and technical approaches to therapy. The case histories illustrate the relationship between the analyst and the adolescent patient as it develops in consultation. Interweaving the concepts of Jung, Freud, and others makes this volume a unique contribution to contemporary psychoanalysis. It will be of sustained interest to psychoanalysts, child psychotherapists, social workers, psychiatrists, and psychologists.
Incidental Findings of the Nervous System
by Ahmet Tuncay Turgut Mehmet Turgut Fuyou Guo Sanjay BehariWritten and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of the incidental findings of the nervous system, with emphasis on asymptomatic brain and spinal lesions that have the potential to cause illness. It includes very informative chapters, organized into four main groups: first, incidental findings of the brain and cranium, including intracranial, intraventricular and skull base lesions, infarcts and calcification; secondly, incidental findings of the spine and spinal cord, including spinal cord tumors, syringomyelia, arteriovenous malformations and craniovertebral junction anomalies; thirdly, incidental findings of the spinal nerves and peripheral nerves, including tumors of the plexi and peripheral nerves; and fourthly, other lesions, including acquired incidental lesions of the brain and spine as well as the medicolegal and psychiatric aspects related to these lesions. The uniqueness of this compilation lies in the fact that several abnormalities exist in the nervous system that have the potential to cause life threatening illness; yet because they are asymptomatic and incidental, this leads to major management dilemmas related to whether or not to surgically the lesion. The proponents of an early surgical management subscribe to the philosophy that getting rid of an entity earlier on when it is asymptomatic, leads to an early cure and obviates any risk of it becoming aggressive and incurable later on; those opting for a ‘wait and watch’ policy subscribe to the view that no intervention (as well as subjecting the patient to the risk of surgery) is mandated until the lesion becomes symptomatic. This may subject a person to a lifetime of anxiety related to how that lesion is going to evolve, when in all likelihood, the subject may remain asymptomatic throughout his/her life. The psychological aspects of the patient who is extremely disturbed by the presence of this incidental lesion; and, who cannot adjust to the reality that the treating doctor actually does not have a well-defined plan for it, are issues that are adequately addressed with clinical illustrations and examples. This comprehensive reference book will be an ideal source for neuroscientists at all levels, from graduate students to researchers in specific disciplines studying this region, including neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, neuropathologists and psychiatrists, who seek both basic and more advanced information regarding the incidental findings of the nervous system.
Included or Excluded?: The Challenge of the Mainstream for Some SEN Children
by Ruth CigmanIn a pamphlet published in 2005 Mary Warnock expressed concerns about some of the concepts that she had helped to introduce in the field of special education almost three decades earlier. She argued that the role of special schools was unclear and the pursuit of inclusion had become too ideological. This highly topical book suggests that distinctions should be made between kinds of special needs and the possibility addressed that some SEN children might be happier and more effective as learners within non-mainstream settings. Her call for a government review to investigate these problems raised its media profile, fuelling the debate. This book pulls together contributions from all sides of the argument. An essential read for anyone involved in special education as well as the philosophy and ethics of education this book truly breaks new ground.
Including the Gifted and Talented: Making Inclusion Work for More Gifted and Able Learners
by Chris M. M. SmithThis single volume presents the views of experts from the field which challenge the assumption that educational inclusion relates only to those pupils with learning difficulties. In this book, the authors examine the extent to which a truly inclusive context can provide a challenging environment for gifted and talented pupils. Key issues explored include: the social and emotional aspects of being a gifted and talented pupil the pros and cons of being labelled gifted and talented in very young children why ‘regular’ classrooms are the best place to educate gifted and talented pupils modifying the basic school curriculum to meet the needs of gifted and talented pupils What is submerged talent and how can it be found? As the Government has recently initiated the Excellence in Cities scheme, this thought-provoking volume is an invaluable read to student teachers, practitioners, academics and researchers who wish to further their study in this hot topic.
Inclusion Practices with Special Needs Students: Education, Training, and Application
by Steven I Pfeiffer Linda A ReddyExplore the challenges, opportunities, and pitfalls of the inclusion of students with disabilities in your classroom!Exciting, complex, and challenging shifts in American education are occurring today. First, schools are moving to embrace student diversity and accommodate the classroom experience to support diverse ways of organizing students for learning. Second, teachers are moving away from a traditional didactic instructional mode and embracing a facilitator role that encourages creating innovative classroom learning opportunities. Third, there is a shift from the view of the school as providing educational and psychoeducational services for students to providing educational supports for learning.Coinciding with these changes is the growing movement in special education that enourages full inclusion of students with special needs. This is a far cry from the exclusionary and separatist movements of special education less than twenty years ago. Now American education is facing the challenging situation of working with students with disabilities in the regular classroom. Inclusion Practices with Special Needs Students provides a much needed overview of the issues faced by educators committed to understanding how to best serve children with disabilities in schools.Inclusion Practices with Special Needs Students: Theory, Research, and Application provides an overview of the origins, evolution, and recent developments regarding the inclusion of students with disabilities into general education classrooms. The book critically challenges the overriding assumptions that support the philosophy of inclusion with a balanced presentation or research and theory that both supports and raises questions about the viability of this practice. The contributors are authorities in their respective areas of inclusionary practices.Some of the issues you will explore in Inclusion Practices with Special Needs Students are: political, fiscal, and legal events that have shaped inclusion practices implications for school psychologists handling students with serious emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems remaining in regular education agenda for future research priorities for research, training, and policy reformInclusion Practices with Special Needs Students addresses practical, psychoeducational, philosophical, legal, ethical, and financial issues surrounding the inclusionary initiative in special education.
Inclusion and Autism: Neurodiverse Autistic First-Person Accounts
by Santoshi Halder, Tim Goldstein and Dave CaudelThis book provides a fertile ground for having the collective voices of the autistic people to understand inclusion and the enigma of the autism spectrum from the neurodiverse lens. The book brings forth the first-person account of autistic adults and unravels various facts about autism spectrum disorder. It offers a fresh outlook on autistic adults, reflecting on inclusion, their challenges, and strengths presenting crucial elements for a successful inclusive model and the foundation of a robust and effective support delivery reinforcing the inclusion of autistic people in society. Through a range of neurodiverse voices, the book presents the world their unique perspectives. It offers valuable insights for future directions and strategic effective pathways stressing the need for a neuro-diverse lens and strength-based focus of support for manifestation and nurturance of abilities and strengths of people.Inclusive and incisive in its making, this book would be useful to the departments of Special Education, Psychology and Applied Psychology, Social Work, Sociology, and Public Health. It would also be an invaluable companion to special educators, in-service and prospective teachers, policy makers, parents, professionals from government and non-government departments, and researchers in the field of disability, diversity, and equity from around the world.
Inclusion and Diversity: Communities and Practices Across the World
by Santoshi Halder Garry SquiresThis volume presents a comprehensive overview of inclusion and diversity in education across the globe. It examines how more inclusive education systems can be built and covers areas and topics such as disability studies, sexual minorities, and indigenous communities, marginalized communities among others. The book presents perspectives of experienced and cutting-edge researchers on inclusive practices that facilitates participation, equity, and access from across countries such as India, the USA, Australia, the UK, Canada, South Africa, Japan, Pakistan, Rome, Hungary, Sweden, and others. It discusses how spoken language, race, gender, and religion contribute to inclusion and marginalization. The volume also explores ideas on how schools and educational systems can respond to diversity-related issues, and the lessons learned about how to improve capacities for further inclusion. Additionally, it provides a holistic understanding of the classroom practices and interventions adopted to handle the problems of students with diverse needs. The book volume facilitates understanding of the broader spectrum of various diversities existing in our society and also the strategic pathways for their inclusion. This incisive and comprehensive volume will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers of education, inclusion and diversity, equity and access, disability studies, educational psychology, social work, sociology, and anthropology. It will also be useful for teacher training course, and anyone who is associated with or working in the field of diversity and inclusion.
Inclusion in Southern African Education: Understanding, Challenges and Enablement (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by Tsediso Michael Makoelle Dipane HlaleleThis book reflects on more than two decades of adoption practices of inclusive education policy in Southern Africa. It is aimed at taking stock of the successes, challenges and achievements during this journey of making education inclusive and equitable. It responds to the educational needs of learners at all levels, regardless of their diverse needs, such as disability, gender, socio-economic status, race, ethnicity and language background.This book furthers the understanding and conceptualization of the notion of inclusion in education, and explores the challenges experienced during the operationalization and implementation of the process. It extends debates spawned by international and national policy mandates that sought to transcend exclusionary educational practices in order to realize inclusive societies and, by implication, inclusive classrooms. It offers a comprehensive conceptual framework for inclusive education in the Southern African context while drawing parallels from the regional and international experience. This book can be used as a reference or critical reading for scholars and researchers in the field of inclusive education. It will empower practitioners, administrators, teachers and school leaders, curriculum developers and planners, as well as policy makers with knowledge about theory and practice regarding inclusive education in the Southern African schooling system.
Inclusion, Play and Empathy: Neuroaffective Development in Children's Groups
by Jaak Panksepp Marianne Bentzen Pat Ogden Susan Hart Stine Lindahl Jacobsen Eldbjorg Wedaa Knud Hellborn Marlo Winstead Phyllis Booth Serena Potter Alé Duarte Helle Jensen Colwyn Trevarthen Gitte Jorgensen Christine Lakoseljac-Andreasen Bonnie Goldstein Dorothea Rahm Phyllis B. Rubin Ulla HolckContributions from early childhood educators, teachers, psychologists, music therapists, occupational therapists, and psychotherapists highlight the crucial role that early relationships and interactions in group settings play in the development of children's personal, emotional and social skills. The book features the latest research and methods for successfully encouraging the development of these skills in groups of children aged 4-12. It explores how play within children's groups can be facilitated in order to foster emotional and empathic capacities, how to overcome common challenges to inclusion in schools and introduces practical, creative approaches to cultivating a sense of unity and team spirit in children's groups.
Inclusive Education and Disability in the Global South
by Leda KamenopoulouThis edited volume examines inclusive education and disability in the global South. Presenting four qualitative research studies conducted in Malaysia, Bhutan, Philippines and Belize, the authors examine the implementation of inclusive education and disabled children’s participation in the education system: contexts on which very little is known. Thus, this book provides a unique opportunity to access rare context-specific information concerning this region of the world; and to reflect on the particular challenges some countries face in the realization of full participation of all children within education. Authored by researchers who are also teaching professionals with experience and understanding of the complexities of the real world, this book reminds us that researchers and policy makers must listen to all voices and perspectives: especially those that have remained silenced and ignored.
Inclusive Education at the Crossroads: Exploring Effective Special Needs Provision in Global Contexts (Connecting Research with Practice in Special and Inclusive Education)
by Garry Hornby Philippa Gordon-GouldInclusive Education at the Crossroads explores the short and long-term effectiveness of government plans to reform policy for special needs education, confronting difficult questions on policies about inclusion and suggesting alternative ways forward for achieving more effective education of children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND).Inclusion has been a central concern for education systems globally for over three decades. However, has preoccupation with inclusion been at the expense of effective education for children with SEND? Where do policies for inclusion lead, and do they amount to the special education reform that is needed? What do the worldwide experiences of inclusion and special education reveal about how to improve the quality of education systems for all children in the future? How effective is the provision for children with SEND today? Through this informative and topical book, Gordon-Gould and Hornby shine an interrogating spotlight on current provision for SEND and ask if current legislation and policy inadvertently reinforce problems; if they cause many children with SEND to fall short of their potential, as well as preventing many schools from improving their levels of overall academic attainment. Inclusive Education at the Crossroads provides theory and research for teachers, school leaders, governors, policy makers, researchers, parents, post graduate students and anyone seeking practical solutions to meeting the needs of pupils with SEND in any global context. It will encourage open debate about the essence of educational inclusion in order to stimulate creative thinking among all stakeholders.
Inclusive Education for Autistic Children: Helping Children and Young People to Learn and Flourish in the Classroom
by Rebecca WoodThis book presents original, empirical research that reframes how educators should consider autism and educational inclusion. Rebecca Wood carefully unpicks common misapprehensions about autism and how autistic children learn, and reconsiders what inclusion can and should mean for autistic learners in school settings. Drawing on research and interwoven with comments from autistic child and adult contributors throughout, the book argues that inclusion will only work if the ways in which autistic children think, learn, communicate and exhibit their understanding are valued and supported. Such an approach will benefit both the learner and the whole classroom. Considering topics such as the sensory environment, support, learning and cognition, school curriculums, communication and socialisation, this much needed book offers ideas and insight that reflect the practical side of day-to-day teaching and learning, and shows how thinking differently about autism and inclusion will equip teachers to effectively improve teaching conditions for the whole school.
Inclusive Education in Schools and Early Childhood Settings
by David Evans Ilektra Spandagou Cathy Little Michelle L. BonatiThis book provides a highly informative yet concise overview of special education and inclusive education that serves as a valuable introduction to the field. Using a framework and relevant scenarios in inclusive educational settings to help readers develop a basic understanding of key concepts, it shares effective practices and engages readers in discussions on current research. Further, it highlights the commonalities between different levels of education and explores transitions across them. The book addresses theory, policy, practice and research issues in special education and inclusive education from an Australian perspective, focusing on current developments in Australian educational settings and classrooms. It also examines international issues and developments while highlighting the unique characteristics of the Australian educational context. As such, it appeals to post-graduate students, pre-service teachers, teachers and other professionals in the area.
Inclusive Education in a Post-Soviet Context: A Case of Kazakhstan
by Tsediso Michael Makoelle Michelle SomertonThis book provides the first evidence-based reference about inclusive education in Kazakhstan, one of the post-Soviet Union countries. This nation, as well as many other central Asian countries, is undergoing a radical transformation and change in education which encompasses the implementation of inclusive and special education. This book is composed of chapters synthesized from various studies and captures different aspects of the implementation of inclusive education in Kazakhstan.The implementations of inclusive education in any educational system require a multi-dimensional, multi-level and an integrated approach. It requires collaborative efforts on part of all stakeholders including governance, pedagogical, auxiliary and support structures. This book is a collection of evidence-based studies in a Kazakhstani educational context that demonstrates the multifaceted nature of the process to realize an educational system that is inclusive. The book highlights some of the fundamental requirements and challenges for this process to succeed.Among the main issues addressed in this book are the understanding of inclusive education, the transition towards inclusive education given the soviet legacy, the role of school leadership, teachers, parents and other stakeholders in the process. The findings in each chapter demonstrate some of the milestones and challenges of inclusivity. This work will be of interest to academics, scholars, students and teachers in this field.
Inclusive Education in the Russian Federation: Scoping International and Local Relevance
by Elena Iarskaia-Smirnova Tsediso Michael Makoelle Maria KozlovaMarketing text: This book provides the first evidence-based accounts of inclusive education in a Russian context. It explores the critical educational changes in the Russian Federation within the post-soviet space and internationally. The book analyzes the transformation of educational practices as Russia transitions from an educational model of student support with an emphasis on disability to a broader conceptualization of inclusive education. Among others, this book discusses inclusive education in the context of: • School and preschool institutions; • higher education institutions; • non-Russian-speaking children and children with migration experience; • culture-sensitive education; • indigenous minorities; • technological and methodological support; • the role of stakeholders such as NGOs, parents, and other social groups; • teacher preparation and professional development. This book is intended for teachers, inclusive education coordinators, principals and school managers, policymakers, teacher educators, scholars of inclusion, and university professors, along with community organizations and students of inclusive courses in a Master in Education.
Inclusive Instruction
by Sean J. Smith Mary T. BrownellThis accessible book presents research-based strategies for supporting K-8 students with high-incidence disabilities to become accomplished learners. The authors clearly describe the core components of effective inclusive instruction, showing how to recognize and respond to individual students' needs quickly and appropriately. Teachers are provided with essential tools for managing inclusive classrooms; planning a curriculum that fosters concept development across content areas, promotes strategic learning, and builds fluent skill use; and integrating technology into instruction. Case examples illustrate ways that special and general education teachers can work together successfully to solve complex learning problems and improve outcomes for students who are struggling.
Inclusive Leadership: Transforming Diverse Lives, Workplaces, and Societies (Leadership: Research and Practice)
by Bernardo M. FerdmanIn a time of increasing divisiveness in politics and society there is a desperate need for leaders to bring people together and leverage the power of diversity and inclusion. Inclusive Leadership: Transforming Diverse Lives, Workplaces, and Societies provides leaders with guidance and hands-on strategies for fostering inclusion and explains how and why it matters. Inclusive Leadership explores cutting-edge theory, research, practice, and experience on the pivotal role of leadership in promoting inclusion in diverse teams, organizations, and societies. Chapters are authored by leading scholars and practitioners in the fields of leadership, diversity, and inclusion. The book is solidly grounded in research on inclusive leadership development, diversity management, team effectiveness, organization development, and intergroup relations. Alongside the exhaustive scholarship are practical suggestions for making teams, groups, organizations, and the larger society more inclusive and, ultimately, more productive. Leaders and managers at all levels, HR professionals, and members of diverse teams will find Inclusive Leadership invaluable in becoming more effective at cultivating inclusive climates and realizing its many benefits—including innovation, enhanced team and organizational performance, and social justice. For more, visit: https://inclusiveleader.com
Inclusive Mathematics Education: State-of-the-Art Research from Brazil and Germany
by Ole Skovsmose David Kollosche Renato Marcone Michel Knigge Miriam Godoy PenteadoThe book provides an overview of state-of-the-art research from Brazil and Germany in the field of inclusive mathematics education. Originated from a research cooperation between two countries where inclusive education in mathematics has been a major challenge, this volume seeks to make recent research findings available to the international community of mathematics teachers and researchers. In the book, the authors cover a wide variety of special needs that learners of mathematics may have in inclusive settings. They present theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches for research and practice.
Inclusive Outdoor Recreation for Persons with Disabilities: Protocols and Activities
by Donald R. Snyder Anne Rothschadl Marcy MarchelloInstructors can use this text to teach program design principles. Practitioners can use the information to develop programs, services, protocols, and activities to better serve persons with disabilities in their use of the great outdoors.
Inclusivity and Trust in the Classroom: Helping the Child in Front of You to Learn and Thrive
by Victoria ByrnellDrawing from a wealth of specialist and mainstream school experience, this book intelligently synthesises ground-breaking research on teacher–student trust and learning to present innovative approaches to inclusive practice relevant to practitioners at all levels. Relational trust has critical implications for student engagement and learning, and new findings contribute insightfully to teacher approaches which are invaluable for practitioners at any stage of their career. The components of relational trust are clearly explained in this essential resource. Each theme is accompanied by a range of useful strategies which enable practitioners to deploy trust theory to develop a more sustainable education system. This thoughtful approach has the potential to shift educational priorities and advance equitable access to education for all students.
Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain
by David EaglemanIf the conscious mind--the part you consider to be you--is just the tip of the iceberg, what is the rest doing? In this sparkling and provocative new book, the renowned neuroscientist David Eagleman navigates the depths of the subconscious brain to illuminate surprising mysteries: Why can your foot move halfway to the brake pedal before you become consciously aware of danger ahead? Why do you hear your name being mentioned in a conversation that you didn't think you were listening to? What do Ulysses and the credit crunch have in common? Why did Thomas Edison electrocute an elephant in 1916? Why are people whose names begin with J more likely to marry other people whose names begin with J? Why is it so difficult to keep a secret? And how is it possible to get angry at yourself--who, exactly, is mad at whom? Taking in brain damage, plane spotting, dating, drugs, beauty, infidelity, synesthesia, criminal law, artificial intelligence, and visual illusions, Incognito is a thrilling subsurface exploration of the mind and all its contradictions.
Income and Choice in Biological Control Systems: A Framework for Understanding the Function and Dysfunction of the Brain
by Gershom-Zvi RosensteinThis volume introduces the concepts of income and optimal choice to the realms of brain activity and behavior regulation. It begins by developing the concept of the Income-Choice approach in the field of biological control systems, then deals with the problems of control of brain activity, and finally presents a model of behavior disturbance based on the idea that its cause is a definite and simple change in the income system of the organism. Other areas to which the proposed Income-Choice approach could be applied are also addressed including the origin of the epileptic aura and why it is a predictor of the imminent attack, the mechanism of the phenomena of "personality switching" in schizophrenics, and the possible connection between schizophrenic- like symptoms and epileptic status. Written nearly 20 years ago in Russia and now published in the West, this book will be of value to many professionals in related fields. This volume introduces the concepts of income and optimal choice to the realm of brain activity and behavior regulation. It begins by developing the concept of the Income-Choice approach in the field of biological control systems, then deals with the problems of control of brain activity, and finally presents a model of behavior disturbance based on the idea that its cause is a definite and simple change in the income system of the organism. Other areas to which the proposed Income-Choice approach could be applied are also addressed, including the origin of the epileptic aura and why it is a predictor of the would-be attack, the mechanism of the phenomena of "personality switching" in schizophrenics, and the possible connection between schizophrenic- like symptoms and epileptic status. Originally written nearly 20 years ago in Russia and now published for the first time in the West, this book will be of value to many professionals in related fields.