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Machiavellianism: The Psychology of Manipulation
by Tamás BereczkeiThe world abounds with tricksters, swindlers, and impostors. Many of them may well be described with the term Machiavellian. Such individuals disrespect moral principles, deceive their fellow beings, and take advantage of others’ frailty and gullibility. They have a penetrating, rational, and sober mind undisturbed by emotions. At times we cannot help but be enchanted by their talent even though we know they misuse it. <P><P> Recent studies have revealed that Machiavellians possess a complex set of abilities and motivations. This insightful book examines the complexities of the Machiavellian trait, in relation to attitude, behaviour, and personality. By integrating results and experiences from social, personality, cognitive, and evolutionary psychology, Tamás Bereczkei explores the characteristics of Machiavellianism (such as social intelligence, deception, manipulation, and lack of empathy), and the causes and motives guiding Machiavellian behaviour. The author also demonstrates how Machiavellianism is related to strategic thinking and flexible long-term decisions rather than to a short-term perspective, as previously thought, and explores Machiavellianism in relation to the construct of the Dark Triad. <P><P> The first comprehensive psychological book on Machiavellianism since Christie and Geis’ pioneering work in 1970, Machiavellianism summarises the most important research findings over the last few decades. This book is fascinating reading for students and researchers of psychology and related courses, as well as professionals dealing with Machiavellians in their work and practice.
Machine Ethics: From Machine Morals to the Machinery of Morality (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #53)
by Luís Moniz Pereira António Barata LopesThis book offers the first systematic guide to machine ethics, bridging between computer science, social sciences and philosophy. Based on a dialogue between an AI scientist and a novelist philosopher, the book discusses important findings on which moral values machines can be taught and how. In turn, it investigates what kind of artificial intelligence (AI) people do actually want. What are the main consequences of the integration of AI in people’s every-day life? In order to co-exist and collaborate with humans, machines need morality, but which moral values should we teach them? Moreover, how can we implement benevolent AI? These are just some of the questions carefully examined in the book, which offers a comprehensive account of ethical issues concerning AI, on the one hand, and a timely snapshot of the power and potential benefits of this technology on the other. Starting with an introduction to common-sense ethical principles, the book then guides the reader, helping them develop and understand more complex ethical concerns and placing them in a larger, technological context. The book makes these topics accessible to a non-expert audience, while also offering alternative reading pathways to inspire more specialized readers.
Machine Learning and Cognition in Enterprises
by Rohit KumarLearn about the emergence and evolution of IT in the enterprise, see how machine learning is transforming business intelligence, and discover various cognitive artificial intelligence solutions that complement and extend machine learning. In this book, author Rohit Kumar explores the challenges when these concepts intersect in IT systems by presenting detailed descriptions and business scenarios. He starts with the basics of how artificial intelligence started and how cognitive computing developed out of it. He'll explain every aspect of machine learning in detail, the reasons for changing business models to adopt it, and why your business needs it. Along the way you'll become comfortable with the intricacies of natural language processing, predictive analytics, and cognitive computing. Each technique is covered in detail so you can confidently integrate it into your enterprise as it is needed. This practical guide gives you a roadmap for transformin g your business with cognitive computing, giving you the ability to work confidently in an ever-changing enterprise environment. What You'll Learn See the history of AI and how machine learning and cognitive computing evolved Discover why cognitive computing is so important and why your business needs it Master the details of modern AI as it applies to enterprises Map the path ahead in terms of your IT-business integration Avoid common road blocks in the process of adopting cognitive computing in your business Who This Book Is For Business managers and leadership teams.
Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition
by Petra PernerTheInternationalConferenceonMachineLearningandDataMining(MLDM)is the third meeting in a series of biennial events, which started in 1999, organized by the Institute of Computer Vision and Applied Computer Sciences (IBaI) in Leipzig. MLDM began as a workshop and is now a conference, and has brought the topic of machine learning and data mining to the attention of the research community. Seventy-?ve papers were submitted to the conference this year. The program committeeworkedhardtoselectthemostprogressiveresearchinafairandc- petent review process which led to the acceptance of 33 papers for presentation at the conference. The 33 papers in these proceedings cover a wide variety of topics related to machine learning and data mining. The two invited talks deal with learning in case-based reasoning and with mining for structural data. The contributed papers can be grouped into nine areas: support vector machines; pattern dis- very; decision trees; clustering; classi?cation and retrieval; case-based reasoning; Bayesian models and methods; association rules; and applications. We would like to express our appreciation to the reviewers for their precise andhighlyprofessionalwork. WearegratefultotheGermanScienceFoundation for its support of the Eastern European researchers. We appreciate the help and understanding of the editorial sta? at Springer Verlag, and in particular Alfred Hofmann,whosupportedthepublicationoftheseproceedingsintheLNAIseries. Last, but not least, we wish to thank all the speakers and participants who contributed to the success of the conference.
Machine Learning in Sports: Identifying Potential Archers (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Anwar P.P.Abdul Majeed Mohamad Razali Abdullah Zahari Taha Rabiu Muazu MusaThis brief highlights the association of different performance variables that influences archery performance and the employment of different machine learning algorithms in the identification of potential archers. The sport of archery is often associated with a myriad of performance indicators namely bio-physiological, psychological, anthropometric as well as physical fitness. Traditionally, the determination of potential archers is carried out by means of conventional statistical techniques. Nonetheless, such methods often fall short in associating non-linear relationships between the variables. This book explores the notion of machine learning that is capable of mitigating the aforesaid issue. This book is valuable for coaches and managers in identifying potential archers during talent identification programs.
Machine Learning in Team Sports: Performance Analysis and Talent Identification in Beach Soccer & Sepak-takraw (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Mohamad Razali Abdullah Rabiu Muazu Musa Anwar P.P. Abdul Majeed Norlaila Azura KosniThis brief highlights the application of performance analysis tools in data acquisition, and various machine learning algorithms for evaluating team performance as well as talent identification in beach soccer and sepak takraw. Numerous performance indicators and human performance parameters are considered based on their relevance to each sport. The findings presented here demonstrate that the key performance indicators as well as human performance parameters can be used in the future evaluation of team performance as well as talent identification in these sports. Accordingly, they offer a valuable resource for coaches, club managers, talent identification experts, performance analysts and other relevant stakeholders involved in performance assessments.
The Machines of Sex Research: Technology and the Politics of Identity, 1945-1985
by Donna J. DruckerThe Machines of Sex Research describes how researchers worldwide integrated technology into studies of human sexuality in the postwar era. The machines they invented made new ways of seeing bodies possible. Some researchers who studied men used machines like penile strain gauges to police "deviant" male sexuality; others used less painful devices like penis-cameras to study women's sexual responses and map the physiology of their arousal and orgasm. While researchers used the findings from their technological innovations to propose their own views of how people should view their bodies and should manage their sexual lives, their readers interpreted their findings to enact their own visions of sexuality. Drucker shows how the use of machines in sex research provided some of the intellectual underpinnings of the sexual revolution and the women's and gay rights movements, and in turn how the sex research community developed new machines for investigations that would enhance sexual happiness rather than constrict it. The Machines of Sex Research is a key read for those interested in the intersections between human sexuality, technology, and twentieth-century social movements. Describes the little-known history of the machines of human sex research in the postwar era Shows how researchers worldwide invented and used machines to study human sexuality and the body in new ways, and how they used and improved each other's designs Relates the relationship between the machines of sex research to Cold War sexualities and gender and sexual liberation movements.
Macho Love: Sex Behind Bars in Central America
by Jacobo SchifterMacho Love: Sex Behind Bars in Central America is the first in-depth study of sexual culture and AIDS in Latin prisons. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and AIDS specialists will discover how the interplay of sexual ideals, prostitution, manipulation, resistance, and power relationships among prisoners and some staff are based on money, sex, drugs, and violence. Macho Love gives you a stirring and emotional look at the various risks and dangers lurking in the Latin American prison culture and discusses how Costa Rican and Central American prisons are improving the situation with new intervention programs. Fascinating and informative, Macho Love explores the dangerous Latin prison culture as it discusses: new HIV/AIDS prevention programs implemented in some Costa Rican and Central American prisons the frequency and types of prostitution and rape in prison drug and alcohol addiction and their effects on the spread of HIV/AIDS an understanding of why rehabilitation programs fail or succeed the lack of opportunities to work or to study that leaves the inmates vulnerable to the only freedom they have left--sex why a “cachero,” or a man who penetrates another man, is not considered a homosexual and often refuses to wear a condom, which tremendously increases the risk of HIV/AIDS Macho Love explores the life-threatening sexual culture in prisons to bring you the realities of the Latin prison culture. This revealing book examines the different types of relationships which occur in prisons and the factors that place inmates at risk for contracting the HIV virus, such as not wearing a condom because of intoxication due to drugs and alcohol. Macho Love also shows you how the new HIV/AIDS intervention programs in Costa Rica are combatting these serious problems to lower HIV infection rates and avoid the spread of this deadly and dangerous disease.
Macht und Magie: Tiefenhermeneutische Rekonstruktion nationalsozialistischer, neokonservativer und rechtspopulistischer Inszenierungen in Deutschland (Kritische Sozialpsychologie)
by Hans-Dieter KönigDieses Buch beantwortet die sozialpsychologische Frage, wie politische Akteure und Akteurinnen die Mehrheit der Deutschen für partikulare Machtinteressen eingenommen haben. Die tiefenhermeneutische Analyse zeigt, wie politische Reden ihre Wirkung durch eine Magie der Worte und durch magische Inszenierungen entfalten.
Macht und Ohnmacht: Bewältigungsstrategien und Krisenkompetenz am Beispiel von Kafkas Roman „Der Prozess“ (essentials)
by Regine Hinkelmann Lena HinkelmannLena und Regine Hinkelmann stellen in diesem essential dar, welchen Beitrag die psychologische Ausdeutung des Werkes ,,Der Prozess" von Franz Kafka zur bestehenden Forschungslandschaft leisten kann. Mithilfe einer strukturierten Kafka-Analyse zeigen sie auf, welche manifesten Auswirkungen die physische und die psychische Gewalt des Machtsystems auf die Pers#65533;nlichkeitsstruktur eines Individuums haben k#65533;nnen. Aufgrund der gesellschaftlichen Relevanz stellen die Autorinnen den Transfer dieses Werkes der Weltliteratur auf den heutigen arbeitsweltlichen Anforderungskontext her und arbeiten dabei insbesondere die Bedeutung des Emotionsmanagements und professioneller Krisenkompetenz heraus.
Macmillan English 9: Thinking And Writing Processes
by Simon & Schuster Books For Young ReadersMacmillan English 9 Thinking and Writing Process Thinking and writing go hand in hand. Thinking is built into each stage of the writing process, and writing itself can be a tool of the thinking process. As you progress through this textbook, you will discover how applying certain thinking skills can help you become a better writer. Each unit in Macmillan English opens with a special feature called “Thinking About Thinking.” This feature defines one particular thinking skill that is part of a larger thinking process. Each skill is one you will find useful as you engage in the activities of that unit. “Thinking About Thinking” helps you to become aware of what you do when you think. Each feature asks you to think in a certain way about a photograph. By becoming more aware of the way you think, you can gain greater mastery of the thinking skills you use as you write. Here, in everyday language, are descriptions of the thinking skills you will apply at the start of each unit in this book.
MACPainP Multiaxial Classification of Pain Psychosocial Dimension: Systematic Approach to Classify Biopsychosocial Aspects of Pain Disorders
by Regine Klinger Monika Hasenbring Michael PfingstenThis book offers a diagnostic tool for physicians and psychologists who want to systematically document pain within a multimodal structure. MACPainP (multiaxial classification of pain-psychosocial dimension) is a systematic, comprehensive and clinically oriented diagnostic instrument for evaluating pain-related disorders, and includes differentiated descriptions to enable syndromes to be systematized and diagnoses compared. MACPainP can be used as a professional add-on for the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 as well as the upcoming pain classification ICD-11, released by WHO. This clearly structured book provides an easy introduction to the biopsychological aspects of pain disorders, to allow a nuanced approach to the psychological diagnosis of pain patients. It discusses possible comorbidities (e.g. depressive disorders, anxiety disorders) as well as concrete behavior-related steps for pain-related psychological and medical treatments. An essential reference for physicians and psychologists in the field of pain therapy, it is part of the learning European Pain Federation Curriculum (EFIC) of pain therapists.
Macrocognition in Teams: Theories and Methodologies (Human Factors in Defence)
by Michael P. Letsky Norman W. Warner Stephen M. Fiore C.A.P. SmithTeam collaboration involves many operational tasks such as team decision-making or course of action selection, developing shared understanding, and intelligence analysis. These operational tasks must be performed in many situations, often under severe time pressure, with information and knowledge uncertainty, large amounts of dynamic information and across different team characteristics. Recent research in this area has focused on various aspects of human collaborative decision-making and the underlying cognitive processes while describing those processes at different levels of detail, making it difficult to compare research results. The theoretical construct of ’macrocognition in teams’ was developed to facilitate cognitive research in team collaboration, which will enable a common level of understanding when defining, measuring and discussing the cognitive processes in team collaboration. Macrocognition is defined as both the internalized and externalized mental processes employed by team members in complex, one-of-a-kind, collaborative problem solving. Macrocognition in Teams provides readers with a greater understanding of the macrocognitive processes which support collaborative team activity, showcasing current research, theories, methodologies and tools. It will be of direct relevance to academics, researchers and practitioners interested in group/team interaction, performance, development and training.
Macroneural Theories in Cognitive Neuroscience
by William R. UttalIn this book, William R. Uttal continues his analysis and critique of theories of mind. This book considers theories that are based on macroneural responses (such as those obtained from fMRI) that represent the averaged or cumulative responses of many neurons. The analysis is carried out with special emphasis on the logical and conceptual difficulties in developing a theory but with special attention to some of the current attempts to go from these cumulative responses to explanations of the grand question of how the mind is generated by the brain. While acknowledging the importance of these macroneural techniques in the study of the anatomy and physiology of the brain, Uttal concludes that this macroneural approach is not likely to produce a valid neural theory of cognition because the critical information—the states of the individual neurons—involved in brain activity becoming mental activity is actually lost in the process of summation. Controversial topics are considered in detail including discussions of empirical, logical, and technological barriers to theory building in cognitive neuroscience.
Macropsychology: A Population Science for Sustainable Development Goals
by Malcolm MacLachlan Joanne McVeighThis volume argues for the development of a macro perspective within psychology that more effectively incorporates social structures, systems, policies, and institutions. The book emphasizes how social structures and systems can ultimately promote, or erode, psychological wellbeing. Macropsychology is concerned with “understanding up,” or how we can influence the settings and conditions of the society in which we live. Psychology has traditionally been more interested in “understanding down,” that is, with the behaviour of individuals and groups; in inter-psychic and intra-psychic and in neurological and biological processes. This volume argues that psychology can more effectively contribute at the macro or societa level, by addressing grand challenges and global goals, using big data, and intervening at the population level.Bringing together social, organizational, cultural, and health psychology research, the book demonstrates a broad range of areas benefitting from a macropsychology perspective, particularly areas integral to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Contributors address the value of macropsychological perspectives in addressing sub-topics such as: Mental healthPersonality traits and social structureDisability rightsFood systems Humanitarian work psychology Macropsychology: A Population Science for Sustainable Development Goals aims to recognise and give impetus to a neglected perspective within psychology, and to inspire a paradigm-widening within the field of psychology, facilitating greater involvement with social justice and human rights.
Macrostructures: An Interdisciplinary Study of Global Structures in Discourse, Interaction, and Cognition (Psychology Library Editions: Personality)
by Teun A. van DijkMacrostructures are higher-level semantic or conceptual structures that organize the ‘local’ microstructures of discourse, interaction, and their cognitive processing. They are distinguished from other global structures of a more schematic nature, which we call superstructures. Originally published in 1980, the theory of macrostructures outlined in this book is the result of research carried out during the previous 10 years in the domains of literary theory, text grammar, the general theory of discourse, pragmatics, and the cognitive psychology of discourse processing. The presentation of the theory is systematic but informal and at this stage was not intended to be fully formalized.
Macrowikinomics: Rebooting Business and the World
by Don Tapscott Anthony D. WilliamsIn their 2007 bestseller, Wikinomics Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams showed the world how mass collaboration was changing the way businesses communicate, create value, and compete in the new global marketplace. Now, in the wake of the global financial crisis, the principles of wikinomics have become more powerful than ever. Many of the institutions that have served us well for decades or centuries seem stuck in the past and unable to move forward. And yet, in every corner of the globe, a powerful new model of economic and social innovation is sweeping across all sectors--one where people with drive, passion, and expertise take advantage of new Web-based tools to get more involved in making the world more prosperous, just, and sustainable.
Mad, Bad, and Sad: A History of Women and the Mind Doctors
by Lisa Appignanesi"[A work of] wit, wisdom and richness. . . . A grand tour of derangement, from matricide to anorexia." --John Leonard, Harper's This fascinating history of mind doctors and their patients probes the ways in which madness, badness, and sadness have been understood over the last two centuries. Lisa Appignanesi charts a story from the days when the mad were considered possessed to our own century when the official psychiatric manual lists some 350 mental disorders. Women play a key role here, both as patients--among them Virginia Woolf, Sylvia Plath, and Marilyn Monroe--and as therapists. Controversially, Appignanesi argues that women have significantly changed the nature of mind-doctoring, but in the process they have also inadvertently highlighted new patterns of illness.
Mad, Bad and Sad: A History of Women and the Mind Doctors
by Lisa AppignanesiThis fascinating history of mind doctors and their patients probes the ways in which madness, badness, and sadness have been understood over the last two centuries. Lisa Appignanesi charts a story from the days when the mad were considered possessed to our own century when the official psychiatric manual lists some 350 mental disorders. Women play a key role here, both as patients "among them Virginia Woolf, Sylvia Plath, and Marilyn Monroe" and as therapists. Controversially, Appignanesi argues that women have significantly changed the nature of mind-doctoring, but in the process they have also inadvertently highlighted new patterns of illness.
Mad, Bad And Sad: A History of Women and the Mind Doctors from 1800 to the Present
by Lisa AppignanesiMad, bad and sad. From the depression suffered by Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath to the mental anguish and addictions of iconic beauties Zelda Fitzgerald and Marilyn Monroe. From Freud and Jung and the radical breakthroughs of psychoanalysis to Lacan's construction of a modern movement and the new women-centred therapies. This is the story of how we have understood mental disorders and extreme states of mind in women over the last two hundred years and how we conceive of them today, when more and more of our inner life and emotions have become a matter for medics and therapists.
Mad, Bad And Sad: A History of Women and the Mind Doctors from 1800 to the Present
by Lisa AppignanesiMad, bad and sad. From the depression suffered by Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath to the mental anguish and addictions of iconic beauties Zelda Fitzgerald and Marilyn Monroe. From Freud and Jung and the radical breakthroughs of psychoanalysis to Lacan's construction of a modern movement and the new women-centred therapies. This is the story of how we have understood mental disorders and extreme states of mind in women over the last two hundred years and how we conceive of them today, when more and more of our inner life and emotions have become a matter for medics and therapists.
Mad Blood Stirring: The Inner Lives Of Violent Men
by Daemon FairlessWith a rare clarity and fearless honesty, journalist Daemon Fairless tackles the horrors and compulsions of male violence from the perspective of someone who struggles with violent impulses himself, creating a non-fiction masterpiece with the narrative power of novels such as Fight Club and A History of Violence.A man, no matter how civilized, is still an animal--and sometimes a dangerous one. Men are responsible for the lion's share of assault, rape, murder and warfare. Conventional wisdom chalks this up to socialization, that men are taught to be violent. And they are. But there's more to it. Violence is a dangerous desire--a set of powerful and inherent emotions we are loath to own up to. And so there remains a hidden geography to male violence--an inner ecosystem of rage, dominance, blood-lust, insecurity and bravado--yet to be mapped. Mad Blood Stirring is journalist Daemon Fairless's riveting first-person travelogue through this territory as he seeks to understand the inner lives of violent men and, ultimately, himself.
The Mad Bomber of New York: The Extraordinary True Story of the Manhunt That Paralyzed a City
by Michael M. Greenburg“Gripping and bizarre . . . A compelling account of a dangerously angry man and the investigation that helped to revolutionize modern police work.” —Kirkus ReviewsBetween 1940 and 1957, thirty-three bombs—strategically placed in Grand Central Terminal, Penn Station, Radio City Music Hall, Macy’s, and other crowded areas of New York—paralyzed the city, sending shockwaves of fear through the public.George Metesky, the “Mad Bomber,” unleashed a reign of terror that reverberated through America’s social, legal, and political landscape, ultimately spurring the birth of modern criminal profiling when a psychiatrist was called in to assist in the manhunt. A compelling work of historical true crime, The Mad Bomber of New York is the gripping tale of two individuals engaged in a deadly game of hide-and-seek, with the city of New York caught in the crosshairs.“A full-fledged biography that evokes the chaos and media circus that the terrorist, George P. Metesky, engendered.” —The New York Times“Masterfully told . . . a first-rate true-crime story.” —Scott Christianson, author of Bodies of Evidence
Mad by the Millions: Mental Disorders and the Early Years of the World Health Organization (Culture and Psychiatry)
by Harry Yi-Jui WuThe World Health Organization's post-World War II work on the epidemiology and classification of mental disorders and its vision of a "world psyche."In 1946, the World Health Organization undertook a project in social psychiatry that aimed to discover the epidemiology and classification of mental disorders. In Mad by the Millions, Harry Y-Jui Wu examines the WHO's ambitious project, arguing that it was shaped by the postwar faith in technology and expertise and the universalizing vision of a "world psyche." Wu shows that the WHO's idealized scientific internationalism laid the foundations of today's highly highly metricalized global mental health system.
Mad-Doctors in the Dock: Defending the Diagnosis 1760–1913
by Joel Peter Eigen“Detailed courtroom narratives . . . give us a colorful and gripping sense of the life-and-death maneuvers involved in mounting an insanity defense.” —Andrew Scull, author of Madness in CivilizationShortly before she pushed her infant daughter headfirst into a bucket of water and fastened the lid, Annie Cherry warmed the pail because, as she later explained to a police officer, “It would have been cruel to put her in cold water.” Afterwards, this mother sat down and poured herself a cup of tea. At Cherry’s trial at the Old Bailey in 1877, Henry Charlton Bastian, physician to the National Hospital for the Paralyzed and Epileptic, focused his testimony on her preternatural calm following the drowning. Like many other late Victorian medical men, Bastian believed that the mother’s act and her subsequent behavior indicated homicidal mania, a novel species of madness that challenged the law’s criterion for assigning criminal culpability.How did Dr. Bastian and his cohort of London’s physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries—originally known as “mad-doctors”—arrive at such an innovative diagnosis, and how did they defend it in court? Mad-Doctors in the Dock is a sophisticated exploration of the history of the insanity defense in the English courtroom from the middle of the eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. Joel Peter Eigen examines courtroom testimony offered in nearly 1,000insanity trials, transporting us into the world of psychiatric diagnosis and criminal justice. The first comprehensive account of how medical insight and folk psychology met in the courtroom, this book makes clear the tragedy of the crimes, the spectacle of the trials, and the consequences of the diagnosis for the emerging field of forensic psychiatry.