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Problem Solving: Perspectives from Cognition and Neuroscience
by S. Ian RobertsonThe way that we assess and overcome problems is an essential part of everyday life. Problem Solving provides a clear introduction to the underlying mental processes involved in solving problems. Drawing on research from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, it examines the methods and techniques used by both novices and experts in familiar and unfamiliar situations. This edition has been comprehensively updated throughout, and now features cutting-edge content on creative problem solving, insight and neuroscience. Each chapter is written in an accessible way, and contains a range of student-friendly features such as activities, chapter summaries and further reading. The book also provides clear examples of studies and approaches that help the reader fully understand important and complex concepts in greater detail. Problem Solving fully engages the reader with the difficulties and methodologies associated with problem solving. This book will be of great use to undergraduate students of cognitive psychology, education and neuroscience, as well as readers and professionals with an interest in problem solving.
Problem-Based Learning in Clinical Education: The Next Generation
by Susan Bridges Tara L. Whitehill Colman McgrathDeveloped in the context of health sciences education in the late 1960s, problem-based learning (PBL) is now widely deployed as an education methodology. Its problem-solving, collaborative, student-centred ethos is seen as a more appropriate system of pedagogy than earlier 'chalk-and-talk' modes. Focusing on its use in clinical education, this collection of recent scholarship on PBL examines the ways in which PBL is both conceived and implemented in clinical education. The work has a dual emphasis, research-driven on the one hand, while on the other assessing new methodologies to explore how problem-based curricula support the achievement of students' learning outcomes in the context of clinical education. The chapters draw on studies that explore PBL both theoretically and empirically. The volume's eclecticism capitalises on the growing body of empirical research into PBL evaluations. It balances this with studies analysing the relatively new area of discourse-based research on PBL-in-action, whose focus has been to interrogate the 'how' of student learning in curricula with PBL content.This publication will be of interest to clinical teachers, curriculum designers and those interested in innovations in the scholarship of teaching and learning in PBL curricula.
Problem-Based Learning in Elementary School: What Strategies Help Elementary Students Develop? (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Carol A. Mullen Samantha S. Reed Emily T. BoylesThis book addresses Problem-based Learning (PBL) in elementary schools and reveals how this can promote elementary students’ development in critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, and citizenship, also known as the 5 Cs. Through teachers’ interviews, the book explores which PBL strategies promote skills and knowledge gains when students collaboratively investigate authentic open-ended problems. It also uncovers peer-to-peer relational learning and other strategies used in PBL classrooms, and it examines their importance to public education. The book paints a lively picture of student-centered learning, drawing upon frameworks, best practices, experiences, processes, strategies, and research results. Firsthand accounts of best practices in PBL instruction connect this pedagogy to theory, research, practice, and policy. It explores teacher instruction in the early years of schooling that purposefully fosters student-centered learning, real-world relevance, and collaboration in accordance with capacities expected of successful 21st century graduates. This book supports the implementation of PBL in elementary schools and promotes increased student engagement and achievement, as well as college and career readiness. This book is of interest to practitioners seeking information about PBL pedagogies for elementary grades, such as teachers, teacher mentors and trainers, (school) leaders, and policymakers, as well as anyone interested in pedagogic strategies that advance critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, and citizenship capacities.
Problem-Solving Courts, Criminal Justice, and the International Gold Standard: Reframing the English and Welsh Drug Courts
by Anna Grace KawałekThis book presents findings from a process evaluation carried out at a problem-solving court located in England: Manchester Review Court. Unlike the widely documented successes of similar international models, there is no detail of Manchester Review Court in the accessible literature, not in any policy document, nor is there a court handbook or website outlining objectives and expected practice. In adopting the seminal ‘wine’ and ‘bottle’ analytical framework propounded by therapeutic jurisprudence scholars, and by carrying out a detailed comparative analysis comparing the court to successful international problem-solving courts, the original empirical data brings clarity to an overlooked area. A fidelity analysis is also offered for the forerunning English and Welsh drug courts, which were established during the early 2000s, but then shortly fell by the wayside without satisfactory explanation for why. Findings from the book shed new light on the causes of the English and Welsh drug court downfalls pending recent calls to roll out a fresh suite of problem-solving courts. In light of the international evidence base and national struggles in the field, the book proposes a renewed, UK-specific, fidelity matrix to forge the impetus for new practice in this area, whilst accounting for past failures and acknowledging current issues. Therefore, this book not only breaks new ground by advancing knowledge of a significantly uncharted area but provides important inroads for helping policymakers with their strategies in tackling recidivism, addiction, victimisation, and austerity, as widespread social and human issues currently facing both Manchester and the UK more broadly. Presenting significant advancements in theory, policy, and practice at both national and international scale, the book will be a valuable resource for academics and practitioners working in the fields of Therapeutic Justice, Criminal Law, Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Socio-Legal Studies.
Problem-Solving Therapy
by Jay HaleyA classic that teaches you how to think in a contextually sensitive, directive, and goal-focused way. A highly readable and practical volume that focuses on solving problems within the context of the entire social unit--the family, the school, the community.
Problem-Solving: The Owner's Manual
by Pierce HowardCutting-edge, user-friendly, and comprehensive: the revolutionary guide to the brain, now fully revised and updatedAt birth each of us is given the most powerful and complex tool of all time: the human brain. And yet, as we well know, it doesn't come with an owner's manual--until now. In this unsurpassed resource, Dr. Pierce J. Howard and his team distill the very latest research and clearly explain the practical, real-world applications to our daily lives. Drawing from the frontiers of psychology, neurobiology, and cognitive science, yet organized and written for maximum usability, The Owner's Manual for the Brain, Fourth Edition, is your comprehensive guide to optimum mental performance and well-being. It should be on every thinking person's bookshelf. What are the ingredients of happiness? Which are the best remedies for headaches and migraines? How can we master creativity, focus, decision making, and willpower? What are the best brain foods? How is it possible to boost memory and intelligence? What is the secret to getting a good night's sleep? How can you positively manage depression, anxiety, addiction, and other disorders? What is the impact of nutrition, stress, and exercise on the brain? Is personality hard-wired or fluid? What are the best strategies when recovering from trauma and loss? How do moods and emotions interact? What is the ideal learning environment for children? How do love, humor, music, friendship, and nature contribute to well-being? Are there ways of reducing negative traits such as aggression, short-temperedness, or irritability? What is the recommended treatment for concussions? Can you delay or prevent Alzheimer's and dementia? What are the most important ingredients to a successful marriage and family? What do the world's most effective managers know about leadership, motivation, and persuasion? Plus 1,000s more topics!
Problem-based Behavioral Science and Psychiatry
by Daniel Alicata Negar Jacobs Anthony Guerrero Melissa PiaseckiIn keeping with the growing emphasis on psychiatry in the medical school curriculum, problem-based learning (PBL) offers students a unique patient-centred, multidisciplinary approach to study and the synthesis of knowledge. The new 2nd edition of Problem-Based Behavioral Science and Psychiatry integrates DSM-5 updates and diagnostic criteria, and is fully consistent with PBL models and methods. Building on the strengths of the popular and widely downloaded 1st edition, the 2nd edition is a clinically robust resource for both the medical and the behavioral science student. Over 40 contributors, many themselves graduates of PBL medical schools, apply problem-based learning methods to specific psychiatric disorders, general clinical issues, and bedrock physician skills such as the intake interview and treatment planning. The book's fictional case vignettes illustrated typical patient scenarios, providing real-world context for content areas, and accompanying case diagrams show the relationships between patient behaviour and underlying neurobiological structures. Each student-friendly section ends with helpful review questions. A sampling of the content areas covered: · Childhood development and brain development. · Major psychiatric illnesses, including personality, mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. · Stress, substance abuse, and violence. · Eating, sleep, and sexual disorders. · Coping skills and treatment compliance. · End-of-life care. · PLUS chapters on cultural sensitivity, ethical concerns, and the physician/patient relationship. This book is ideal for first and second year medical students wanting to learn about psychiatry in the exciting context of realistic cases. It also makes an excellent prep/review text for third- and fourth-year medical students preparing for the USMLE Step 1 and 2 exams, as well as being suited to graduate students in psychology or clinical social work. Problem-Based Behavioral Science and Psychiatry encourages lifelong learning and helps build the foundation for a lifelong career.
Problem-based Language Learning and Teaching: An Innovative Approach to Learn a New Language (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Loghman Ansarian Mei Lin TeohThis book investigates how problem-based learning can be implemented in language classes and how it can bring about a change in language learners' understanding of the foreign language. Based on empirical evidence, it provides readers with the theoretical background of this interdisciplinary approach in education, discusses the challenges that language teachers might encounter while implementing this approach in language classes, and offers procedures for employing the method. It also clarifies the difference between collaborative learning and problem-based learning in which certain dynamics are at work. It is of interest to researchers and instructors in cognitive learning, task-based language teaching, and content-focused courses.
Problemanalyse, Zielanalyse, Zielformulierung in der Psychotherapie: Multisensorische Methoden nutzen und eigene Impact-Techniken entwickeln (Psychotherapie: Praxis)
by Katrin VaderIn diesem Praxisbuch wird der Bedeutsamkeit der Problem- und Zielanalyse und Zielformulierung in der Psychotherapie als Fundament einer Behandlung dadurch Rechnung getragen, dass sich alle Fallbeispiele auf diese Bereiche beziehen. Als passionierte Impact-Technik-Anwenderin beschreibt die Autorin jede eingesetzte Übung von der Idee bis zur Durchführung. Impact-Techniken sind multisensorische Elemente aus verschiedenen Therapierichtungen und dadurch kraftvolle und nachhaltige Arbeitsmethoden. Sie sind therapieschulenübergreifend, unabhängig vom Alter und von Beschwerdebildern einsetzbar. Attraktiv an diesen Techniken sind die Einfachheit der Durchführung und dass alle in der Umgebung zur Verfügung stehenden Gegenstände als Arbeitsmittel benutzt werden können. Durch die zahlreichen Anwendungsbeispiele von Impact-Techniken in diesem Buch soll der Transfer vom Gelesenen in den eigenen Behandlungsalltag unterstützt werden. Aus dem Inhalt: Trotz Bemühungen erreicht der Patient sein Ziel lange nicht, der Therapieverlauf stagniert trotz vorhandener hilfreicher Strategien. Verstrickungen sichtbar machen und auflösen, unklare Therapieziele konkretisieren, Therapiemotivation klären. Über die Autorin: Dipl.-Psych. Katrin Vader ist niedergelassene Psychotherapeutin für Erwachsene (Schwerpunkt Verhaltenstherapie) in eigener Praxis in Jena. Lehrpraxis, Supervisorin, Selbsterfahrungsleiterin und Dozentin für verschiedene psychotherapeutische Ausbildungsinstitute in Deutschland.
Problematic Research Practices and Inertia in Scientific Psychology: History, Sources, and Recommended Solutions
by James T. LamiellThis volume explores the abiding intellectual inertia in scientific psychology in relation to the discipline’s engagement with problematic beliefs and assumptions underlying mainstream research practices, despite repeated critical analyses which reveal the weaknesses, and in some cases complete inappropriateness, of these methods. Such paradigmatic inertia is especially troublesome for a scholarly discipline claiming status as a science. The book offers penetrating analyses of many (albeit not all) of the most important areas where mainstream practices require either compelling justifications for their continuation or adjustments – possibly including abandonment – toward more apposite alternatives. Specific areas of concern addressed in this book include the systemic misinterpretation of statistical knowledge; the prevalence of a conception of measurement at odds with yet purporting to mimic the natural sciences; the continuing widespread reliance on null hypothesis testing; and the continuing resistance within psychology to the explicit incorporation of qualitative methods into its methodological toolbox. Broader level chapters examine mainstream psychology’s systemic disregard for critical analysis of its tenets, and the epistemic and ethical problems this has created. This is a vital and engaging resource for researchers across psychology, and those in the wider behavioural and social sciences who have an interest in, or who use, psychological research methods.
Problematic and Risk Behaviours in Psychosis: A Shared Formulation Approach
by Alan Meaden David HackerIn spite of improved access to psychosocial interventions, many people with psychosis continue to experience persistent problems which act as significant barriers to their recovery. This book investigates risk and problem behaviours in psychosis, including staff and service factors that can impede the delivery of effective care. Problematic and Risk Behaviours in Psychosis provides a new approach for assessment, formulation and intervention within such problem behaviours in a team context. Of particular interest will be: an outline of the SAFE (Shared Assessment, Formulation and Education) approach an integrative model for understanding risk and problematic behaviour shared risk assessment and management processes approaches to reducing team and carer barriers to effective care the use of CBT in day-to-day interactions with clients a set of formulation-driven strategies for managing problematic behaviours case studies and vignettes providing guidance and highlighting the benefits of the approach. This book will have particular appeal to professionals working in specialist community, hospital-based and residential services who often struggle to help those with the most complex mental health problems who are hardest to reach. It is also an excellent resource for those engaged in training in psychological therapies, risk assessment and management.
Problemlösen: Begriff – Strategien – Einflussgrößen – Unterricht – (häusliche) Förderung
by Ulrike KipmanProblemlösen gilt als eine der Schlüsselqualifikationen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Es geht beim Problemlösen nicht nur darum, Informationen sinnvoll zu vernetzen, dynamisch in Beziehung zu setzen, Wahrscheinlichkeiten zu berechnen und eine Kette richtiger Entscheidungen zu treffen, sondern auch vielfach darum, eine Vielzahl an Außenkriterien zu berücksichtigen und ein entsprechendes „Weltwissen“ an den Tag zu legen. Dieses Buch soll die Frage beantworten, wie man zu einem guten Problemlöser / einer guten Problemlöserin werden kann bzw. warum bestimmte Personen bei der Lösung von Problemen erfolgreicher sind als andere. Nach einer umfassenden Zusammenstellung der Literatur zu diesem Thema werden Einflussgrößen auf das Problemlösen analysiert und miteinander abgeglichen und Ideen für den Unterricht in der Primarstufe und Sekundarstufe I präsentiert. Zudem werden verschiedene Arten des Unterrichts im Hinblick auf die Wirksamkeit für unterschiedliche Personengruppen diskutiert, dies vor dem Hintergrund, dass nicht nur Problemstellungen stark variieren sondern auch die Problemlöser/innen. Eine Handreichung mit Brettspielen, die die Kriterien des Problemlösens erfüllen, ist ebenfalls Teil dieses Buches. Letztendlich wird ein Modell vorgeschlagen, welches erfolgreiches Problemlösen vielschichtig zu erklären versucht.
Problemlösen: Begriff – Strategien – Einflussgrößen – Unterricht – (häusliche) Förderung
by Ulrike KipmanProblemlösen gilt als eine der Schlüsselqualifikationen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Es geht beim Problemlösen nicht nur darum, Informationen sinnvoll zu vernetzen, dynamisch in Beziehung zu setzen, Wahrscheinlichkeiten zu berechnen und eine Kette richtiger Entscheidungen zu treffen, sondern auch vielfach darum, eine Vielzahl an Außenkriterien zu berücksichtigen und ein entsprechendes „Weltwissen“ an den Tag zu legen. Dieses Buch soll die Frage beantworten, wie man zu einem guten Problemlöser / einer guten Problemlöserin werden kann bzw. warum bestimmte Personen bei der Lösung von Problemen erfolgreicher sind als andere. Nach einer umfassenden Zusammenstellung der Literatur zu diesem Thema werden Einflussgrößen auf das Problemlösen analysiert und miteinander abgeglichen und Ideen für den Unterricht in der Primarstufe und Sekundarstufe I präsentiert. Zudem werden verschiedene Arten des Unterrichts im Hinblick auf die Wirksamkeit für unterschiedliche Personengruppen diskutiert, dies vor dem Hintergrund, dass nicht nur Problemstellungen stark variieren sondern auch die Problemlöser/innen. Eine Handreichung mit Brettspielen, die die Kriterien des Problemlösens erfüllen, ist ebenfalls Teil dieses Buches. Letztendlich wird ein Modell vorgeschlagen, welches erfolgreiches Problemlösen vielschichtig zu erklären versucht. In der 2. Auflage wurden alle Kapitel überarbeitet und an den neuesten Kenntnisstand zum Thema Problemlösen angepasst. Die Kapitel zur schulischen und häuslichen Förderung der Problemlösekompetenz wurden stark erweitert und es werden nun eine Vielzahl an neuen Aufgaben und Spielen präsentiert, die beim Fördern von Problemlösen eine wertvolle Unterstützung leisten können. Das Kapitel zur Kombinatorik wurde nach der Rückmeldung von Studierenden und Kollegen komplett umstrukturiert und ist nun verständlicher und übersichtlicher aufgebaut.
Problems in Psychopathology
by T.W. MitchellFirst Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Problems of Historical Psychology (Psychology Library Editions: History of Psychology)
by Zevedei BarbuOriginally published in 1960, this study was rooted in the conviction that a close cooperation between the disciplines of psychology and history opened new and fruitful perspectives for the understanding of both fields. The title is an investigation of the connection between history and psychology, discussing how a society shapes and conditions the minds of those born into it. The author takes a close look at Greek society at the time of Pericles, and English society of the Elizabethan era. Though presented in the idiom of psychology, the problems with which this book is concerned, should appeal to historian and psychologist alike.
Problems of Human Pleasure and Behaviour
by Michael BalintMichael Balint addresses himself to a variety of subjects of interest to both the layman and the practicing clinical psychologist or psychiatrist: among others, sex and society, masturbation, discipline, menstruation, punishment, aging, and parapsychology.
Problems of Personality: Studies Presented to Dr Morton Prince, Pioneer in American (International Library Of Psychology Ser. #Vol. 4)
by C. Macfie Campbell H. S. Langfeld Wm Mcdougall A. A. Roback E. W. TaylorThis is Volume IV of a series of twenty-one on Individual Differences. Originally published in 1925, this is a collection of essays and studies presented to Dr Morton Prince, pioneer in American psychopathology.
Problems of Psychoanalytic Technique in Freud and Lacan: What Does a Psychoanalyst Do?
by Bruno BonorisProblems of Psychoanalytic Technique in Freud and Lacan contributes to the everyday work of contemporary psychoanalysts through a critical examination of psychoanalytic technique.Bruno Bonoris revisits and questions key concepts, including free association, evenly suspended attention, transference, interpretation, and construction, with reference to Freud, Lacan, and the work of contemporary philosophers, psychologists, and psychoanalysts. The book considers four fundamental questions about the notion of “text” in order to rethink psychoanalytic technique, elucidating essential technical concepts while also introducing important modifications. Bonoris recovers the pragmatic spirit of early literature on psychoanalytic technique, oriented toward everyday clinical problems, using simple but powerful language with the added conceptual rigor of Lacan's ideas.Problems of Psychoanalytic Technique in Freud and Lacan is essential reading for students of, and trainees in, psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic studies. It is also of interest to readers who wish to learn more about psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies.
Problems of Youth: Transition to Adulthood in a Changing World
by Muzafer Sherif Carolyn W. SherifThis book describes and analyzes, from an interdisciplinary point of view, those problems of youth that are currently objects of remedial action on both community and national levels. It explores the many causes of adolescent happiness and discontent, behavior and misbehavior, aspirations and aversions in the rapidly changing patterns of contemporary class, institutional, and cultural settings. It provides practical information for all professionals concerned with adolescent problems and affords small comfort to any who hopes for quick results.Problems of Youth first considers problems traditionally considered in youth research, discussing adolescent attitudes and goals within a broadly applicable theory of adolescent development. The second part concentrates on youth problems in terms of their dynamics in social and cultural settings undergoing change at different rates. The third part presents studies of youth in trouble, offering guidelines for new theoretical and empirical approaches and underscoring the need, to study individual youth problems within their socio-cultural and class frameworks. The final part attempts through research and measurement the major sources of influences affecting youth.Reflecting the position that there is a constant danger of viewing adolescence exclusively through the eyes of one's own specialty, the contributors to this volume take a cross-disciplinary approach to the subject, drawing on resources of other fields to expand the perspective of their particular area of specialization. In doing so, they offer all students of sociology, social psychology, and related disciplines a new, unified approach to the timely paradox of youth in transition with itself and with a world that is itself in transition.
Procedural Justice and Relational Theory: Empirical, Philosophical, and Legal Perspectives (Routledge Research in Legal Philosophy)
by Denise Meyerson, Catriona Mackenzie, and Therese MacDermottThis book bridges a scholarly divide between empirical and normative theorizing about procedural justice in the context of relations of power between citizens and the state. Empirical research establishes that people’s understanding of procedural justice is shaped by relational factors. A central premise of this volume is that this research is significant but needs to be complemented by normative theorizing that draws on relational theories of ethics and justice to explain the moral significance of procedures and make normative sense of people’s concerns about relational factors. The chapters in Part 1 provide comprehensive reviews of empirical studies of procedural justice in policing, courts and prisons. Part 2 explores empirical and normative perspectives on procedural justice and legitimacy. Part 3 examines philosophical approaches to procedural justice. Part 4 considers the implications of a relational perspective for the design of procedures in a range of legal contexts. This collection will be of interest to a wide academic readership in philosophy, law, psychology and criminology.
Proceedings of Eurocogsci 03: The European Cognitive Science Conference 2003
by Richard Young Franz Schmalhofer Graham KatzThe aim of the European Cognitive Science Conference is the presentation of empirical, theoretical, and analytic work from all areas of interest in cognitive science, such as artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology, and anthropology. The focus is on interdisciplinary work that is either of interest for more than one of the research areas mentioned or integrates research methods from different fields. With contributions by cognitive scientists from 20 different countries, the papers in this volume reflect the origins of this conference, as well as its international scope.
Proceedings of International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering: Proceedings of TCCE 2020 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1309)
by Kanad Ray Anirban Bandyopadhyay Mufti Mahmud M. Shamim KaiserThis book presents various computational and cognitive modeling approaches in the areas of health, education, finance, environment, engineering, commerce, and industry. It is a collection of selected conference papers presented at the International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering (TCCE 2020). It shares cutting-edge insights and ideas from mathematicians, engineers, scientists, and researchers and discusses fresh perspectives on problem solving in a range of research areas.
Proceedings of the 10th International Ergonomics Conference: ERGONOMICS 2024 (Springer Series in Design and Innovation #53)
by Tanja Jurčević Lulić Jasna Leder Horina Dorotea Kovačević Martina Lovrenić-JugovićThis book presents the proceedings of the 10th International Ergonomics Conference (ERGONOMICS 2024), held in Zagreb, Croatia, on December 5–6, 2024. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, health care, management, computer science, human biology, and behavioral science, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting the health, safety, and well-being of individuals. The book includes papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers, and policymakers that contribute to constructing the human factors and ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains, and productive sectors.
Proceedings of the 1993 Connectionist Models Summer School
by David S. Touretzky Andreas S. Weigend Paul Smolensky Michael C. Mozer Jeffrey L. ElmanThe result of the 1993 Connectionist Models Summer School, the papers in this volume exemplify the tremendous breadth and depth of research underway in the field of neural networks. Although the slant of the summer school has always leaned toward cognitive science and artificial intelligence, the diverse scientific backgrounds and research interests of accepted students and invited faculty reflect the broad spectrum of areas contributing to neural networks, including artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science, engineering, mathematics, neuroscience, and physics. Providing an accurate picture of the state of the art in this fast-moving field, the proceedings of this intense two-week program of lectures, workshops, and informal discussions contains timely and high-quality work by the best and the brightest in the neural networks field.
Proceedings of the 1995 World Congress on Neural Networks (INNS Series of Texts, Monographs, and Proceedings Series)
by 1995 International Neural Network Society Annual MeetingCentered around major topic areas of both theoretical and practical importance, the World Congress on Neural Networks provides its registrants -- from a diverse background encompassing industry, academia, and government -- with the latest research and applications in the neural network field.