- Table View
- List View
Psychological Perspectives on Praise
by Eddie BrummelmanPraise is perhaps the most widely used technique to influence others. When used appropriately, praise can motivate people, make them feel better, and improve their social relationships. Often, however, praise fails to work as intended and may even cause harm. Psychological Perspectives on Praise reviews and integrates psychological theory and research to provide an overarching perspective on praise. With contributions from leading scholars in the field, this book amalgamates diverse theoretical and empirical perspectives on praise. The book starts with providing an overview of prominent theories that seek to explain the effects of praise, including self-enhancement theory, self-verification theory, attribution theory, and self-determination theory. It then discusses several lines of empirical research on how praise impacts competence and motivation, self-perceptions (e.g., self-esteem and narcissism), and social relationships. It does so in a range of contexts, including children’s learning at school, employees’ commitment at work, and people’s behavior within romantic relationships. The book concludes by showing how praise can be understood in its developmental and cultural context. Revealing that praise is a message rich in information about ourselves and our social environments, this book will be of interest to social, organizational, personality, developmental, and educational psychologists; students in psychology and related disciplines; and practitioners including teachers, managers, and counselors who use praise in their daily practice.
Psychological Perspectives on Radicalization
by Bertjan Doosje Allard R. Feddes Lars Nickolson Liesbeth MannThis innovative book examines radicalization from new psychological perspectives by examining the different typologies of radicalizing individuals, what makes individuals resilient against radicalization, and events that can trigger individuals to radicalize or to deradicalize. What is radicalization? Which psychological processes or events in a person's life play a role in radicalization? What determines whether a personal is resilient against radicalization, and is deradicalization something that we can achieve? This book goes beyond previous publications on this topic by identifying concrete key events in the process of radicalization, providing a useful theoretical framework that summarizes the current state-of-the-art research on radicalization and deradicalization. A model is presented in which a distinction is made between different levels of radicalization and deradicalization, with key underlying psychological needs discussed: the need for identity, justice, significance, and sensation. The authors also describe what makes people resilient against messages from "the outside world" when they belong to an extremist group and discuss observable events which may "trigger" a person to radicalize (further) or to deradicalize. Including real-world examples and clear guidelines for interventions aimed at prevention of radicalization and stimulation of deradicalization, this is essential reading for policy makers, researchers, practitioners, and students interested in this crucial societal issue.
Psychological Perspectives on Reality, Consciousness and Paranormal Experience
by Tony JinksThis book explores various explanatory frameworks for paranormal encounters. It opens with the story of an inexplicable human figure seen crossing a secluded hotel corridor, interpreted as a ghost by the sole witness. The subsequent chapters explore the three most important historical perspectives accounting for this and other types of paranormal experience. Each perspective is examined from first principles, with specific reference to what happened in the corridor, how it happened, why it happened, and who might be responsible. The first perspective considers the experience to be legitimate – to be something real – and various possibilities are presented that are grounded in the paranormal and parapsychological literature, among which a “ghost” is one putative explanation. In turn, the second perspective treats the experience as being wholly illegitimate. With reference to psychological theory, the ghost sighting is a product of erroneous consciousness. The third perspective is different yet again, and considers the sighting to be authentic, but argues that explaining the ghost requires a radical departure from conventional models of reality and consciousness. By contrasting these three paths, the book provides a valuable resource for readers interested in the philosophical and psychological origins of explanations for paranormal experiences, from the 19th century to the present. It will appeal to general readers in addition to students and scholars of parapsychology, anomalistic psychology, and consciousness studies.
Psychological Perspectives on Religion and Religiosity
by Benjamin Beit-HallahmiIs religion to blame for deadly conflicts? Should religious behaviour be credited more often for acts of charity and altruism? In what ways are religious and ‘spiritual’ ideas, practices and identities surviving and changing as religion loses its political power in those parts of the world which are experiencing increasing secularization? Written by one of the world’s leading authorities on the psychology of religion and social identity, Psychological Perspectives on Religion and Religiosity offers a comprehensive and multidisciplinary review of a century of research into the origins and consequences of religious belief systems and religious behaviour. The book employs a unique theoretical framework that combines the ‘new’ cognitive-evolutionary psychology of religion, examining the origins of religious ideas, with the ‘old’ psychology of religiosity, which looks at correlates and consequences. It examines a wide range of psychological variables and their relationship with religiosity. It is also provides fresh insights into classical topics in the psychology of religion, such as religious conversion, the relevance of Freud’s ideas about religion and religiosity, the meaning of secularization, and the crucial role women play in religion. The book concludes with the author’s reflections on the future for the psychology of religion as a field. Psychological Perspectives on Religion and Religiosity will be invaluable for academic researchers in psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, economics, and history worldwide. It will also be of great interest to advanced undergraduate students and graduate students across the social sciences.
Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis: Theory, Models, and Applications
by Martina Raue Eva Lermer Bernhard StreicherThis authoritative collection goes beyond economic statistics and probability data to offer a robust psychological understanding of risk perception and risk taking behavior. Expert contributors examine various risk domains in life, and pinpoint cognitive, emotional, and personality factors contributing to individual differences in risk taking as well as the many nuances social demographics (e.g., culture, gender) bring to risk decisions. Coverage takes competing theories and studies into account to identify mechanisms involved in processing and acting on uncertainty. And implications and applications are demonstrated in varied fields, from updated risk models for the insurance sector to improved risk communication in health services to considering risk perception in policy decisions. A sampling of the topics: Personality and risk: beyond daredevils—risk taking from a temperament perspective.Cognitive, developmental, and neurobiological aspects of risk judgments.The group effect: social influences on risk identification, analysis, and decision-making.Cognitive architectures as a scaffolding for risky choice models.Improving understanding of health-relevant numerical information.Risk culture as a framework for improving competence in risk management. Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis will be of great interest to researchers in and outside of psychology, including decision-making experts and behavioral economists. Additionally, this volume will appeal to practitioners who often have to make risky decisions, such as managers and physicians.
Psychological Perspectives on Walking: Interventions for Achieving Change
by Ralf Risser Matúš ŠuchaPsychological Perspectives on Walking provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of walking and shows how we can encourage people to walk more based on psychological principles. It examines how walking significantly improves health, positively impacts the environment, contributes to resolving social issues, and boosts the local micro-economy. This pioneering book discusses psychological motivations for walking versus not walking and asserts research-based arguments in favour of walking, including both theoretical considerations and everyday concerns. The book investigates the motivations that can lead to increased walking, advises on how to build walking-conducive habits, and recommends strategies for decision makers for promoting changes that will allow walking to thrive more easily. The authors include success stories and lessons learned from what have become known as 'walkable' cities to show how interventions and initiatives can succeed on a practical basis. This accessible, practical book is essential for urban planners; health specialists; policy makers; traffic experts; psychology, civil engineering, and social sciences students; and experts in the field of sustainable mobility. Psychological Perspectives on Walking will appeal to anyone in the general population in favour of a sustainable and healthy lifestyle.
Psychological Perspectives on the Self, Volume 4: the Self in Social Perspective
by Jerry SulsThe primary aim of this volume is to present the most recent advances in the psychological study of the self with a special emphasis on the factors that contribute to self-concept and self-esteem. This volume offers the following features: * state-of-the-art testimonies of important new research programs on the self * valuable reviews and literature on measurement of self-concept * analysis of sociocultural influences on self -- an understudied topic until recently * new theory on the origins of self-enhancement
Psychological Problems and Their Big Deceptions: Introducing Predicate-Equating Cognition, Metaphorical Communications, and the Unconscious Entity
by David W. ShavePsychological Problems And Their Big Deceptions reveals the multiple fraudulent and deceptive concepts of both Psychology and Psychiatry, such as the present-day gross misuse of the "PTSD" diagnosis, while introducing the foremost, but previously unrecognized, concept, the "Unconscious Entity." Though all people do not have a mental illness, everyone, without exception, has periods of being emotionally uncomfortable. This book convincingly shows what causes a state of being emotionally uncomfortable to any degree, and what is necessary to regain a state of being emotionally comfortable. In doing this, one will conclude it is a lot less the psychological counsel, in someone seeking professional help, and much more the listening, in any "counseling," that makes the cure. This book explores, in detail, a dimension of human communication Psychology and Psychiatry have yet to fully appreciate, that has an immense capacity to make a person more emotionally comfortable, as well as an equally immense capacity to keep a person emotionally comfortable. That dimension is prevalent in any on-going small talk, and is mutually utilized, to the same degree, by the participants of that talking.
Psychological Processes and Advertising Effects: Theory, Research, and Applications (Psychology Revivals)
by Linda F. Alwitt and Andrew A. MitchellIn the 1980s our understanding of how advertising affects consumer behavior was undergoing a dramatic transformation. Recent theoretical and methodological advances in cognitive psychology, social cognition, and artificial intelligence were largely responsible for this transformation. These advances provided a better understanding of the information acquisition process and how information is stored in memory. Consequently, we have been able to incorporate memory, the processing of visual information and affect into our models of advertising effects. However, there were still many unanswered questions. Among these are: (1) Exactly what is the relationship between the different mediators of persuasion? (2) How is memory for advertising related to persuasion? (3) What are the theoretical underpinnings of attitude toward the advertisement? (4) What determines the effect of persuasion over time? (5) What factors affect attention to advertising? (6) What psychological processes occur during the watching of a television commercial? and (7) What factors affect individual differences in the processing of advertising messages? Originally published in 1985, the chapters in this volume provide insights into these questions. They are organized in terms of four psychological processes which contribute to our understanding of how advertising works. These are affective reactions to advertisements, persuasion, psychological processes during television viewing, and involvement.
Psychological Processes in Deaf Children with Complex Needs: An Evidence-Based Practical Guide
by Lindsey Edwards Marschark Susan Crocker`This volume offers a broad perspective on psychological processes in children with complex needs. Armed with this valuable tool, professionals, parents, and educators will be much better prepared to offer deaf and hard of hearing children the support and opportunities they deserve.' - from the Foreword by Marc Marschark Psychological Processes in Deaf Children with Complex Needs is a concise and authoritative guide for professionals working with deaf children and their families. The effects of hearing impairments on learning, social development and family life can be profound. They can impact on attachment, parenting and family interaction, and can affect cognitive and neuropsychological processes including perception and memory. This guide draws on the latest evidence to explain the impact of hearing impairment and uses case studies to focus on the key issues for assessment and intervention. It also suggests practical strategies for treatment and development for those working with hearing impaired children.
Psychological Recovery
by Peter Caputi Lindsay G. Oades Retta AndresenThis book offers a succinct model of recovery from serious mental illness, synthesizing stories of lived experience to provide a framework for clinical work and research in the field of recovery.* Places the process of recovery within the context of normal human growth and development* Compares and contrasts concepts of recovery from mental illness with the literature on grief, loss and trauma* Situates recovery within the growing field of positive psychology - focusing on the active, hopeful process* Describes a consumer-oriented, stage-based model of psychological recovery which is unique in its focus on intrapersonal processes
Psychological Report Writing Assistant
by Gary Groth-Marnat Ari DavisExpert Report Writing Software-provides a step-by-step guide to writing clinically sound and rich psychological reports The Psychological Report Writing Assistant software is a highly interactive program that guides the report writer through all phases of writing a report that is comprehensive, includes integrated interpretation, uses everyday language, and answers the referral questions. Key features include: A composition screen with links to resources to facilitate report writing Sample reports with links to guidelines on how to write sections of the report A comprehensive menu of treatment recommendations Search function to identify problem phrases with suggestions for alternative wording Compatible with Microsoft® Windows and some Mac Windows emulator software Blending the best of science with an appreciation for the art of doing clinical work, the accompanying guide: Describes six core qualities of an optimal psychological report Provides an overview of cognitive, neuropsychological, personality, psychoeducational, and forensic reports Offers guidelines for formatting and completing various sections of a report Discusses recommendations for treatment and for tailoring the report to the individual Includes instructions for navigating the software Filling the need for an easy-to-use, intuitive tool for organizing and writing relevant psychological reports, Psychological Report Writing Assistant will help you quickly and easily create thorough and complete psychological reports.
Psychological Requirements Analysis in Theory and Practice: For Executives and Human Resources Managers who Want to Raise Requirement Profiles (essentials)
by Heribert WienkampPsychological requirement analyses with their requirement and qualification profiles show what will be important at work in the future! Both the selection of applicants and the training of personnel, as was the case, for example, in view of new strategic challenges in the financing business of a bank, should benefit from this information, which is to be collected in advance by means of a mix of methods, e.g., questionnaires and "expert interviews" on site. Selected key personnel figures from operational HR work should be used to check whether the current HR strategy is "still on track".This Springer essential is a translation of the original German 1st edition essentials, Psychologische Anforderungsanalysen in Theorie und Praxis by Heribert Wienkamp, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Psychological Research: Innovative Methods and Strategies
by John HaworthStarting a research project, however large or small can be a daunting prospect. New researchers can be confronted with a huge number of options not only of topic, but of conceptual underpinning. It is quite possible to conduct research into say, memory, from a number of research traditions. Psychology also has links with several other disciplines and it is possible to utilise their techniques; the difficulty is quite simply the wide variety of methodological approaches that psychological research embraces. In this collection, authors have been recruited to explain a wide range of different research strategies and theories with examples from their own work. Their successes as well as the problems they encountered are explained to provide a comprehensive and practical guide for all new researchers. The collection will be a great help to undergraduates about to start final year projects and should be required reading for all those thinking of graduate level research.
Psychological Science
by Michael S. GazzanigaDrawing on teaching and learning research, the Sixth Edition provides new tools to improve students’ reading, focus, and self-assessment. Chapters are now divided into brief “study units,” each of which concludes with a self-test question to increase comprehension. NEW “Putting Psychology to Work” features show students how to apply psychology concepts to future careers. Our formative, adaptive learning tool, InQuizitive, and our online psychology labs, ZAPS 2.0, provide a hands-on approach to assessing students’ understanding.
Psychological Science (3rd Edition)
by Michael S. Gazzaniga Diane F. Halpern Todd F. HeathertonThis edition presents the latest developments in psychology in an engaging, visually stimulating format. The text enhances student understanding and stimulates active learning with Halpern's unique science-of-learning pedagogical system; relevant, real world examples; and an art program tailored especially for visual learners. Instructors and students will benefit from the most integrated media package available for an introductory course.
Psychological Science (Seventh Edition)
by Michael Gazzaniga Elizabeth A. Phelps Elliot BerkmanNew authors bring a winning combination of cutting-edge research and real-world impact W. W. Norton is excited to announce that award-winning authors Elizabeth Phelps and Elliot Berkman will bring their ideas and energy to Psychological Science 7e. Our authors are committed to encouraging students to learn and evaluate psychology through the lens of methods, replication, and the open science era. Looking beyond the text, Liz and Elliot applied their experience with the introductory psychology course to all aspects of the teaching and learning tools, including InQuizitive’s adaptive assessment, new ZAPS 3.0 interactive labs with instructor support, a hands-on approach to visualizing brain science through a new interactive 3D brain, and exciting new interactive neuron animations. They are committed to introducing students to a more modern view of the field—one that shows the real-world impact of psychology and showcases the work of diverse researchers throughout. This purchase offers access to the digital ebook only.
Psychological Science Under Scrutiny: Recent Challenges and Proposed Solutions
by Scott O. Lilienfeld Irwin D. WaldmanPsychological Science Under Scrutiny explores a range of contemporary challenges to the assumptions and methodologies of psychology, in order to encourage debate and ground the discipline in solid science. Discusses the pointed challenges posed by critics to the field of psychological research, which have given pause to psychological researchers across a broad spectrum of sub-fields Argues that those conducting psychological research need to fundamentally change the way they think about data and results, in order to ensure that psychology has a firm basis in empirical science Places the recent challenges discussed into a broad historical and conceptual perspective, and considers their implications for the future of psychological methodology and research Challenges discussed include confirmation bias, the effects of grant pressure, false-positive findings, overestimating the efficacy of medications, and high correlations in functional brain imaging Chapters are authored by internationally recognized experts in their fields, and are written with a minimum of specialized terminology to ensure accessibility to students and lay readers
Psychological Science and the Law
by Neil Brewer and Amy Bradfield DouglassPsychological research can provide constructive explanations of key problems in the criminal justice system--and can help generate solutions. This state-of-the-art text dissects the psychological processes associated with fundamental legal questions: Is a suspect lying? Will an incarcerated individual be dangerous in the future? Is an eyewitness accurate? How can false memories be implanted? How do juries, experts, forensic examiners, and judges make decisions, and how can racial and other forms of bias be minimized? Chapters offer up-to-date reviews of relevant theory, experimental methods, and empirical findings. Specific recommendations are made for improving the quality of evidence and preserving the integrity of investigative and legal proceedings.
Psychological Science in the Courtroom
by Jennifer Skeem Kevin DouglasThis rigorous yet reader-friendly book reviews the state of the science on a broad range of psychological issues commonly encountered in the forensic context. The goal is to help professionals and students differentiate between supported and unsupported psychological techniques--and steer clear of those that may be misleading or legally inadmissible. Leading contributors focus on controversial issues surrounding recovered memories, projective techniques, lie detection, child witnesses, offender rehabilitation, psychopathy, violence risk assessment, and more. With a focus on real-world legal situations, the book offers guidelines for presenting scientific evidence accurately and effectively in courtroom testimony and written reports.
Psychological Science: The Consequences of Choosing Soft (SpringerBriefs in Psychology)
by Charles LocurtoThis book examines questions of experimental design, in social science principally concerning what happens if shortcuts are allowed in the design, analysis, and interpretation of psychological research. The author argues that shortcuts lead to experimental results that are of low power and lack the precision that should be afforded experimental work. Consequently, it should not be surprising that psychological science has difficulty replicating its findings. A more specialized focus is the lack of success of self-esteem training techniques despite their widespread usage. The failure of self-esteem training is contrasted with the success of work that involves the use of standardized testing procedures and scores, such as IQ. From this perspective, while self-esteem and IQ testing have been each proposed as Hole Grails, meaning that they constitute comprehensive influences on many aspects of behavior, only IQ can function in this manner. It is also argued that some areas of social science, particularly unconscious bias, have not been subjected to sufficient critical scrutiny, and therefore are associated with rather weak empirical profiles that do not justify the popularity of the procedures. Throughout the book, the work habits of modern scientists are contrasted with those of one of science’s most successful practitioners, Charles Darwin, and to a lesser extent, Sigmund Freud. Contrasts between the historically-validated work of Darwin on the one hand, and modern psychological science, suggest avenues of methodological improvement in the practice of modern psychological science.
Psychological Selection and Optimal Experience Across Cultures
by Antonella Delle Fave Fausto Massimini Marta BassiWhat does Western science know about the relationship between individual well-being and cultural trends? What can learn from other cultural traditions? What do the recent advancements in positive psychology teach us on this issue, particularly the eudaimonic framework, which emphasizes the connections between personal well-being and social welfare? People grow and live in cultures that deeply influence their values, aspirations and behaviors. However, individuals in their turn play an active role in building their own goals, growth trajectories and social roles, at the same time influencing culture trends. This process, defined psychological selection, is related to the individual pursuit of well-being People preferentially select and cultivate in their lives activities, interests, and relationships associated with optimal experience, a state of deep engagement, concentration, and enjoyment. Several cross-cultural studies confirmed the positive and rewarding features of optimal experience. Based on these evidences, this book offers a new perspective in the study of human behavior. Highlighting the interplay between individual and cultural growth trajectories, it conveys a core message: educating people to enjoy engagement and involvement in activities that can be relevant and meaningful for social welfare is a premise to foster the harmonious development of human communities, and the peaceful cohabitation of cultures.
Psychological Sense of Community: Inhaltsvalidität von Testverfahren in Abhängigkeit von Bezugsgemeinschaften
by Frank KrumbholzIn der gut 50-jährigen Forschungsgeschichte zu Psychological Sense of Community hat sich die Kontextabhängigkeit des Konstruktes als ein zentrales Merkmal herausgestellt. Zu verschiedenen Testverfahren liegt bereits eine Vielzahl psychometrischer Analysen vor. Doch eine Untersuchung der Inhaltsvalidität bei systematisch variierenden Bezugsgemeinschaften gibt es bislang nicht. Damit ist immer noch unklar, ob sich die Bedeutungen der Testdimensionen in Abhängigkeit der Bezugsgemeinschaften so verändern, dass deren Inhaltsvalidität vergleichbar bleibt oder nicht. In diesem Buch wird zum ersten Mal eine solche systematische Untersuchung durchgeführt. Eine Besonderheit ist, dass sie partizipative Elemente enthält. Eine weitere Besonderheit ist die statistische Modellierung mit Hilfe spezifisch formulierter Bayes'scher Modelle, mit denen die besonderen Designmerkmale und relevanten Messunsicherheiten in adäquater Form berücksichtigt werden können. Der hier vorgestellte empirische Ansatz eignet sich als Prototyp zur Untersuchung kontextabhängiger Inhaltsvalidität auch in anderen psychologischen Anwendungsfeldern.
Psychological Significance and Difference Between Tools Use by Humans and Animals: P. Y. Galperin's Dissertation (Cultural Psychology of Education #16)
by Gethin Thomas Irina Engeness P.Y. GalperinThis book represents the very first, so far unpublished, translation of Piotr Galperin’s (1902-1988) dissertation, defended in 1938 during his employment in the All-Ukrainian Psycho-Neurological Academy (AUPA) in Kharkiv, Ukraine. In his candidate dissertation Galperin examined the differences in tool use between humans and animals and argued that there was a fundamental difference between tools developed and used by humans and the auxiliary means used by animals. Galperin showed that human use of tools totally differs from the way tools are utilised by animals as ‘an extension’ of their limbs. He suggested that tools created and used by humans encapsulate cultural and historical experience developed in human practices which have to be mastered. Human engagement with these tools reorganise the existing and enhance the development of new psychological functions and that human consciousness originates and develops in the external tool-mediated activities. The development of new psychological functions stimulates the systemic and meaningful organisation of human consciousness. In addition, as opposed to animal mind, human consciousness undergoes developmental transformations initiated in tools- and speech-mediated activities.Galperin’s research reveals the unity of the external tool-mediated and the internal psychological activity of humans. These findings are influential as they adopted the foundations of the theory of Vygotsky and extended them without changing the essence of Vygotsky’s legacy. Galperin’s dissertation can be considered as a missing jig-saw puzzle which connects the legacy of Vygotsky, the contribution of Leontiev and their followers who worked in the cultural-historical and activity traditions. This translation of the dissertation in English makes it available for the cultural-historical scholars in the West and provides insights into the invaluable contributions of Piotr Galperin.
Psychological Skills Training for Human Wellness
by Agya Jit Singh Ramneet KaurPsychological skills training (PST) involves learning essential psychological skills that help the human mind to function at a high level, irrespective of circumstances. The major skills include stress management, resilience, self-motivation, self-confidence, sustaining focus, leadership, goal setting and planning, conflict resolution, time management and communication skills. PST programmes involve directions, practice and feedback in order to learn these skills effectively. PST is used in a variety of educational, professional, sporting and health settings. Psychological Skills Training for Human Wellness provides a comprehensive reference to all aspects of PST and presents a holistic view of the subject area. It shows how PST serves the needs of multiple domains and user groups of different ages and at various life stages. It covers each area of skill development in detail. The book will prove to be an indispensable source for academic and research psychologists and will be highly useful for professional psychologists interested in the implementation of PST for their clients.