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Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers: Evolutionary and Ethnographic Perspectives (Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series)
by Hideaki Terashima Barry S. HewlettThis is the first book to examine social learning and innovation in hunter–gatherers from around the world. More is known about social learning in chimpanzees and nonhuman primates than is known about social learning in hunter–gatherers, a way of life that characterized most of human history. The book describes diverse patterns of learning and teaching behaviors in contemporary hunter–gatherers from the perspectives of cultural anthropology, ecological anthropology, biological anthropology, and developmental psychology. The book addresses several theoretical issues including the learning hypothesis which suggests that the fate of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals in the last glacial period might have been due to the differences in learning ability. It has been unequivocally claimed that social learning is intrinsically important for human beings; however, the characteristics of human learning remain under a dense fog despite innumerable studies with children from urban–industrial cultures. Controversy continues on problems such as: do hunter–gatherers teach? If so, what types of teaching occur, who does it, how often, under what contexts, and so on. The book explores the most basic and intrinsic aspects of social learning as well as the foundation of innovative activities in everyday activities of contemporary hunter–gatherer people across the earth. The book examines how hunter-gatherer core values, such as gender and age egalitarianism and extensive sharing of food and childcare are transmitted and acquired by children. Chapters are grouped into five sections: 1) theoretical perspectives of learning in hunter–gatherers, 2) modes and processes of social learning in hunter–gatherers, 3) innovation and cumulative culture, 4) play and other cultural contexts of social learning and innovation, 5) biological contexts of learning and innovation. Ideas and concepts based on the data gathered through an intensive fieldwork by the authors will give much insight into the mechanisms and meanings of learning and education in modern humans.
Social Learning: Psychological and Biological Perspectives (Comparative Cognition and Neuroscience Series)
by Bennett G. Galef Thomas R. ZentallFirst published in 1988. During the past decade there has been a marked increase in the number of North American and European laboratories engaged in the study of social learning. As a consequence, evidence is rapidly accumulating that in animals, as in humans, social interaction plays an important role in facilitating development of adaptive patterns of behavior. Experimenters are isolated both by the phenomena they study and by the species with which they work. The process of creating a coherent field out of the diversity of current social learning research is likely to be both long and difficult. It the authors’ hope, that the present volume may prove a useful first step in bringing order to a diverse field.
Social Life Cycle Assessment
by Subramanian Senthilkannan MuthuThis book details the primary concepts of Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), integration of social aspects in product life cycles, quantification of social impacts in S-LCA, impact categorization in S-LCA, methodological aspects of S-LCA, and detailed case studies. As the societal implications of producing a product are coming to take on a new importance, the concept of Social Life Cycle Assessment has recently been developed and is becoming increasingly prominent. However, S-LCA is still in its infancy and its impact categories for many industrial segments are still under development.
Social Life Cycle Assessment: Case Studies from Agri and Food Sectors (Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes)
by Subramanian Senthilkannan MuthuThis book highlights the Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) of the agri-sector for rice, sugarcane, and cassava in Thailand and the food sector. It also presents a range of models, indices, impact categories, etc. for SLCA that are currently being developed for industrial applications. Though SLCA was introduced in 2010, it is still relatively new compared to environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA).
Social Life and Social Knowledge: Toward a Process Account of Development (Jean Piaget Symposia Ser.)
by Ulrich Müller Jeremy I. M. Carpendale Nancy Budwig Bryan SokolIn this new volume, leading researchers provide state-of-the-art perspectives on how social interaction influences the development of knowledge. The book integrates approaches from a variety of disciplines including developmental psychology, psychopathology, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, evolutionary biology, and primatology. It reviews the
Social Marketing: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives
by Martin Fishbein Marvin E. Goldberg Susan E. MiddlestadtSocial Marketing: marketing in the service of societal problems. Does this approach represent dangerous social engineering, or is it the best hope we have to treat what are often regarded as intransigent problems? For both academics and practitioners involved with social marketing, the domain remains in its infancy. Programs and approaches are being developed and implemented by practitioners; academics are defining "what it is," "where it comes from," and "where it is going." This book incorporates many of the presentations made at the "Role of Advertising in Social Marketing" Conference sponsored by the Society for Consumer Psychology. Professionals from academia, government, and non-government organizations address a highly diverse and interesting set of societal concerns ranging from organ donation to violence in sports, from efforts to promote safe sex and family planning to better understand cigarette smokers and their perceptions. Are marketing's "four Ps"--product, price, place, and promotion--enough to help solve these problems, or does social marketing at the end of the 1990s need to call on other Ps, such as political persuasion? This volume thoughtfully addresses theoretical and empirical issues challenging academics and practitioners alike to find out how to borrow the best of marketing for application in social marketing.
Social Media & Mental Health: Kommunikatoren und Rezipienten zwischen Verharmlosung, Entstigmatisierung und Hilfe (essentials)
by Laura-Maria AltendorferNoch nie wurde so offen über mentale Gesundheit gesprochen wie heute – vor allem in sozialen Medien. TikTok, Instagram & Co. prägen den Diskurs und bieten Raum für Austausch und Aufklärung. Doch zwischen persönlichen Einblicken, Influencer:innen und Aktivismus breiten sich auch problematische Entwicklungen wie Fehlinformationen, Selbstdiagnosen oder die Ästhetisierung psychischer Erkrankungen aus. Die Kommunikation wird schnell zur Gratwanderung zwischen Aufmerksamkeit und Kommerzialisierung oder Entstigmatisierung und Verharmlosung. Dieses essential gibt einen Überblick über zentrale Themen und Darstellungsformen von mentaler Gesundheit in sozialen Medien, beleuchtet Akteure und zeigt Chancen und Risiken auf.
Social Media Generation in Urban China
by Hanyun HuangSocial media such as instant messaging (IM), social networking sites (SNS), blogs and microblogs are an integral part of adolescents' lives in China. Anecdotal evidence reported in the news has suggested that the increasing popularity of social media could make adolescents more vulnerable to being addicted. This exploratory study proposes the concept of "social media addiction" and examines (a) whether social media addiction exists among adolescents in urban China and, if so, who the addicts are, what their symptoms are and to what extent they are addicted; (b) whether sociopsychological traits (e. g. , need for affiliation, impression management, narcissism and leisure boredom) can predict social media addiction among adolescents; (c) what gratifications are obtained by adolescents from their use of social media and whether these gratifications can predict social media addiction and (d) to what degree social media addiction influences adolescents' academic performance and social capital. This study employed quantitative questionnaire surveys among adolescents as the main research method, supplemented by qualitative pre-survey focus groups among adolescents and post-survey in-depth interviews among parents and teachers. Questionnaire surveys were conducted based on a multi-stage cluster sampling of seven middle schools in five urban Chinese cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Xiamen. The final sample consisted of 1,549 adolescents, of whom 90% had used social media. Using Young's classic definition of Internet addiction, 15. 6% of participants were classified as social media addicts. The addicted adolescents were often self-absorbed, bored with their leisure time, and good at using manipulation through social media for impression management. Addicts experienced four major social media addiction symptoms: preoccupation, adverse consequences, alleviation of negative emotions and loss of interest in social activities. The seven social media gratifications identified in this study can be categorized into social, information and entertainment gratifications. Among these, entertainment gratifications had the most power to predict social media addiction, while information gratifications were the least likely to lead to addiction. Furthermore, these gratifications were found to be powerful mediators between the adolescents' sociopsychological traits and social media addiction. Finally, the results also indicated that social media addiction and its symptoms had a significant negative impact on adolescents' academic performance and social capital.
Social Media Management: Using Social Media as a Business Instrument (Springer Texts in Business and Economics)
by Amy Van LooyThis is the second edition of the undergraduate textbook 'Social Media Management' which extends the original edition's scope beyond the business angle. The textbook continues with the perspective of organizations - not individuals - and clarifies the impact of social media on their different departments or disciplines, while also exploring how organizations use social media to create business value. To do so, the book pursues a uniquely multi-disciplinary approach by embracing IT, marketing, HR, and many other fields. While the first edition was inspired by the rise of social media tools, the second edition is characterized by a digital economy with increasing digitalization efforts due to newly emerging technologies in Industry 4.0 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Readers will benefit from a comprehensive selection of extended topics, including strategies and business models for social media, influencer marketing, viral campaigns, social CRM, employer branding, e-recruitment, search engine optimization, social mining, sentiment analysis, crowdfunding, and legal and ethical issues. Each chapter starts with one or more teaser questions to arouse the readers’ interest, which will be clarified per topic. The second edition also provides ample self-test materials and reflection exercises.
Social Media Mining
by Reza Zafarani Mohammad Ali Abbasi Huan LiuSocial media shatters the barrier to communicate anytime anywhere for people of all walks of life. The publicly available, virtually free information in social media poses a new challenge to consumers who have to discern whether a piece of information published in social media is reliable. For example, it can be difficult to understand the motivations behind a statement passed from one user to another, without knowing the person who originated the message. Additionally, false information can be propagated through social media, resulting in embarrassment or irreversible damages. Provenance data associated with a social media statement can help dispel rumors, clarify opinions, and confirm facts. However, provenance data about social media statements is not readily available to users today. Currently, providing this data to users requires changing the social media infrastructure or offering subscription services. Taking advantage of social media features, research in this nascent field spearheads the search for a way to provide provenance data to social media users, thus leveraging social media itself by mining it for the provenance data. Searching for provenance data reveals an interesting problem space requiring the development and application of new metrics in order to provide meaningful provenance data to social media users. This lecture reviews the current research on information provenance, explores exciting research opportunities to address pressing needs, and shows how data mining can enable a social media user to make informed judgements about statements published in social media. Table of Contents: Information Provenance in Social Media / Provenance Attributes / Provenance via Network Information / Provenance Data
Social Media Tools in Experiential Internship Learning
by Samuel Kai ChuThis book describes how a support structure can be built to enhance peer-to-peer (and also students-to-lecturers) communication and support. It informs lecturers on how they can decide if they should adopt one or more social media tools to facilitate students’ learning, communication, and support for an internship program. This book introduces a participatory design approach that can help develop a pedagogy that will make good use of social media tools on internship learning. It presents a framework for experiential internship learning, integrating helpful educational practices such as participatory design approach and the use of social media.
Social Media and Mental Health in Schools (Positive Mental Health)
by Jonathan Glazzard Colin MitchellSocial media is at the heart of children’s and young people’s lives. It is intimately entwined with mental health issues and can be both a blessing and a curse. Do you fully understand the links between social media and mental health? What problems does social media present for your learners? What benefits could it bring them? What can you do to educate children and young people about the use of social media while also developing their digital resilience? Whether you are a primary or secondary teacher, this book helps you tackle these questions, with a range of practical strategies and solutions that are workable in school and classroom settings.
Social Media and Mental Health: Handbook for Parents and Teachers (Pulling the Trigger)
by Claire EdwardsSocial Media and Mental Health: Handbook for Parents and Teachers will help you navigate the tricky waters surrounding your child’s use of the internet. Written by Clare Edwards, a clinical psychologist experienced in the field of adolescent mental health, it will highlight the challenges of parenting in the digital age, and offer tips and advice on how to keep your children safe online. Most importantly, this quick and easy illustrated guide explores the impact of social media on children's mental health, providing tools for ensuring that your child has a healthy relationship with social media and the internet.
Social Media and Personal Relationships
by Deborah ChambersThis book explores how digital communication generates new intimacies and meanings of friendship in a networked society, developing a theory of mediated intimacies to explain how social media contributes to dramatic changes in our ideas about personal relationships, through themes of self, youth, families, digital dating and online social capital.
Social Media and Technology Across the Lifespan (Palgrave Studies in Cyberpsychology)
by Charlotte Brownlow John Gilmour Tanya Machin Susan AbelThis book explores social media and technology across the lifespan. The authors argue that those of different ages and life stages have very diverse experiences with these types of media and demonstrate the importance of analysing the entire lifespan in the context of technology use. They acknowledge and celebrate social media for the positives that it can bring to our lives but also recognise that there may be challenges for particular developmental stages.
Social Media in Medicine
by Margaret S. ChisolmThe use of social media around the world has exploded in recent years, with the number of monthly active users of Facebook and Twitter estimated to be one billion and one quarter billion, respectively. Physicians and medical trainees are among the users of social media, raising questions of how Facebook, Twitter, and other novel online tools may best be harnessed to further medical research, patient care, and educational pursuits. Because social media enables an immediate exchange of information and ideas around shared areas of interest, it has fostered communication and collaboration among a global network of researchers, clinicians, patients, and learners. Social Media in Medicine reviews a range of topics, from research ethics to medical education, and includes personal reflections by clinicians and learners that represent diverse opinions about the role of social media in medicine. The book is relevant to all healthcare stakeholders and will hopefully encourage ideas and questions to generate more research into the use of social media in medical research, patient care, and education. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Review of Psychiatry.
Social Media, Truth and the Care of the Self: On the Digital Technologies of the Subject
by Diana StypinskaThis book explores the relationship between (post)truth and subjectivity by focusing on social media as a site of digital subjectification. These days, truth is cheap. Anyone can claim it. Indeed, most do – impudently and without any recourse to facts or objective reality. Truth-claims today are nothing but power grabs, employed in the permanent popularity contest that our culture and politics have become. Correspondingly, our very sense of reality is perpetually uprooted. Post-truth sets us adrift. Navigating by smartphones, we pursue endless mirages, coming to wonder whether the shoreline itself is a myth. The book examines the ways in which different digital practices – such as influencing, trolling and digital activism – operate as technologies of the subject, shaping how we relate to ourselves, others and the world. It argues that social media facilitates the progressive eclipsing of our subjective (dis)positions by the economic imperative. Positioning post-truth as the outcome of unbridled economicization, it exposes the true costs of its supremacy. The critical reflections on the relationship between digital subjectification and the social offered by this book will be of relevance to academics and students working in the fields of sociology, media and cultural studies, politics, and philosophy.
Social Memory and War Narratives
by Christina D. WeberThe Vietnam War has had many long-reaching, traumatic effects, not just on the veterans of the war, but on their children as well. In this book, Christina D. Weber examines the concept of the war as a social monad, a confusing array of personal stories and public histories that disrupt traditional ways of knowing the social world. This emphasis draws out the instrumental role the traumatic subject plays in the second generation's articulation of the presence of the Vietnam War. Weber examines the social monad through interviews conducted with children of Vietnam Veterans and social artifacts of the Vietnam War, including Oliver Stone's films on the Vietnam War (Platoon, Born on the Fourth of July, and Heaven and Earth), autobiographies of Vietnam Veterans, and media images of the Vietnam Veteran in current society.
Social Memory in Athenian Public Discourse: Uses and Meanings of the Past
by Bernd SteinbockPrompted by the abundant historical allusions in Athenian political and diplomatic discourse, Bernd Steinbock analyzes the uses and meanings of the past in fourth-century Athens, using Thebes' role in Athenian memory as a case study. This examination is based upon the premise that Athenian social memory, that is, the shared and often idealized and distorted image of the past, should not be viewed as an unreliable counterpart of history but as an invaluable key to the Athenians' mentality. Against the tendency to view the orators' references to the past as empty rhetorical phrases or propagandistic cover-ups for Realpolitik, it argues that the past constituted important political capital in its own right. Drawing upon theories of social memory, it contextualizes the orators' historical allusions within the complex net of remembrances and beliefs held by the audience and thus tries to gauge their ideological and emotive power. Integrating literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence with recent scholarship on memory, identity, rhetoric, and international relations, Social Memory in Athenian Public Discourse: Uses and Meanings of the Past enhances our understanding of both the function of memory in Athenian public discourse and the history of Athenian-Theban relations. It should be of interest not only to students of Greek history and oratory but to everybody interested in memory studies, Athenian democracy, and political decision making.
Social Mentality in Contemporary China (Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path)
by Yiyin YangThis book not only seeks to theoretically analyze the concept, chief characteristics and framework of “social mentality”, but also explores the influence of social mentality on such elements of social functioning as individuals, groups, societies, markets and countries, and the influence of such elements as cultural, social, economic, political and mental factors on social mentality. Besides, this book discusses the structure of social mentality, tools for measuring it, and an indicator system. What’s more, it explores the role of the social mentality mechanism in the construction of harmonious societies.
Social Metacognition (Frontiers of Social Psychology)
by Kenneth G. DeMarree Pablo BriñolMetacognition refers to thinking about our own thinking. It has assumed a prominent role in social judgment because our thoughts about our thoughts can magnify, attenuate, or even reverse the impact of primary cognition. Metacognitive thoughts can also produce changes in thought, feeling, and behavior, and thus are critical for a complete understanding of human social behavior. The present volume presents the most important and advanced research areas in social psychology where the role of metacognition has been studied. Specifically, the chapters of this book are organized into four substantive content areas: Attitudes and Decision Making, Self and Identity, Experiential, and Interpersonal. Each section consists in several chapters summarizing much of the work done in recent decades on critical topics, such as attitude strength, persuasion, bias correction, self-regulation, subjective feelings, embodiment, and prejudice, among others. This book also emphasizes interpersonal aspects of metacognition as they play an essential role in close relationships, groups, consumer and clinical interactions. Each chapter is written by an expert in the field, and presents a state-of-the-art view of the many ways metacognition has been examined by social psychologists.
Social Motivation (Frontiers of Social Psychology)
by David DunningMotivational science is one of the fastest-growing areas of research in social psychology, incorporating multiple perspectives from social-personality research. This volume provides students and researchers with a comprehensive overview of major topics in social motivation. All contributors are renowned specialists in their field who provide in-depth and integrated coverage of the major empirical and theoretical contributions in their area. Social Motivation is essential reading for all social psychologists with an interest in social-motivational processes, and will also be of interest to people working in political science and cultural studies looking for a psychological perspective to work in their field.
Social Motivation, Justice, and the Moral Emotions: An Attributional Approach
by Bernard WeinerSocial Motivation, Justice, and the Moral Emotions proposes an attribution theory of interpersonal or social motivation that distinguishes between the role of thinking and feeling in determining action. The place of this theory within the larger fields of motivation and attributional analyses is explored. It features new thoughts concerning social motivation on such topics as help giving, aggression, achievement evaluation, compliance to commit a transgression, as well as new contributions to the understanding of social justice. Included also is material on moral emotions, with discussions of admiration, contempt, envy, gratitude, and other affects not considered in Professor Weiner's prior work. The text also contains previously unexamined topics regarding social inferences of arrogance and modesty.Divided into five chapters, this book:*considers the logical development and structure of a proposed theory of social motivation and justice;*reviews meta-analytic tests of the theory within the contexts of help giving and aggression and examines issues related to cultural and individual differences; *focuses on moral emotions including an analysis of admiration, envy, gratitude, jealousy, scorn, and others;*discusses conditions where reward decreases motivation while punishment augments strivings; and*provides applications that are beneficial in the classroom, in therapy, and in training programs.This book appeals to practicing and research psychologists and advanced students in social, educational, personality, political/legal, health, and clinical psychology. It will also serve as a supplement in courses on motivational psychology, emotion and motivation, altruism and/or pro-social behavior, aggression, social judgment, and morality. Also included is the raw material for 13 experiments relating to core predictions of the proposed attribution theory.
Social Movements that Care: Empathy, Solidarity, and Empowerment in the Fight Against Evictions
by Felipe G. SantosThe Platform of Those Affected by Mortgages (PAH) has left a crucial mark in the history of Spanish social movements by advocating for the over 700,000 families that have been evicted since its inception in 2009. This book explores how the PAH has blocked thousands of evictions through civil resistance, prevented many more through negotiations with banks, and rehoused thousands of evicted families in apartments recuperated from banks and vulture funds. Through the framework of the Politics of Care, Felipe G. Santos explores the emotional, identity, and participatory challenges that hindered the mobilization of those affected by mortgages. The book also reveals how empathy from a group of people unaffected by mortgage issues sparked mobilization, and how care relationships empowered those facing eviction to lead the fight for housing rights.