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The Developmental Science of Early Childhood: Clinical Applications of Infant Mental Health Concepts From Infancy Through Adolescence
by Claudia M. GoldA practical distillation of cutting-edge developmental research for mental health professionals. The field commonly known as "infant mental health" integrates current research from developmental psychology, genetics, and neuroscience to form a model of prevention, intervention, and treatment well beyond infancy. This book presents the core concepts of this vibrant field and applies them to common childhood problems, from attention deficits to anxiety and sleep disorders. Readers will find a friendly guide that distills this developmental science into key ideas and clinical scenarios that practitioners can make sense of and use in their day-to-day work. Part I offers an overview of the major areas of research and theory, providing a pragmatic knowledge base to comfortably integrate the principles of this expansive field in clinical practice. It reviews the newest science, exploring the way relationships change the brain, breakthrough attachment theory, epigenetics, the polyvagal theory of emotional development, the role of stress response systems, and many other illuminating concepts. Part II then guides the reader through the remarkable applications of these concepts in clinical work. Chapters address how to take a textured early developmental history, navigate the complexity of postpartum depression, address the impact of trauma and loss on children's emotional and behavioral problems, treat sleep problems through an infant mental health lens, and synthesize tools from the science of the developing mind in the treatment of specific problems of regulation of emotion, behavior, and attention. Fundamental knowledge of the science of early brain development is deeply relevant to mental health care throughout a client's lifespan. In an era when new research is illuminating so much, mental health practitioners have much to gain by learning this leading-edge discipline's essential applications. This book makes those applications, and their robust benefits in work with clients, readily available to any professional.
The Developmental Scientist’s Companion
by Reznick J. StevenWritten by one of developmental science's foremost methodologists, The Developmental Scientist's Companion provides an engaging and accessible guide to the scientific techniques that have been devised to investigate human development. Adopting an original approach to what can be a dry yet essential topic, Reznick enlivens his coverage of key issues in developmental methodology - measuring psychological phenomena, assessing reliability and validity, experimental design, interviews and surveys, data collection and analysis and interpreting research results - with discussion of his own experiences of those various techniques, gained over a substantial research career. The Companion concludes with practical tips for improving the field and navigating a path to professional success. Reznick's 'behind-the-scenes' view of empirical research and career progression, told with wit, wisdom and insight, is essential reading for students and young researchers launching their careers in developmental science.
The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender
by Thomas Eckes Hanns M. TrautnerNumerous publications have addressed gender issues from a social or a developmental psychological perspective. This volume breaks new ground in advancing a genuine synthesis of theory and research from these two disciplines. Building on the premise that a full understanding of the multifaceted nature of gender can be achieved only through a wider focus on processes of development and social influence, the contributors examine theoretical approaches to gender development and socialization, gender categorization and interpersonal behavior, and group-level and cultural forces that affect gender socialization and behavior. The book will be of interest to students and professionals in social psychology, developmental psychology, gender studies, sociology, anthropology, and educational psychology.
The Devil You Know: Encounters in Forensic Psychiatry
by Gwen Adshead Eileen HorneIn this &“unmissable book&” (The Guardian), an internationally renowned forensic psychiatrist and psychotherapist demonstrates the remarkable human capacity for radical empathy, change, and redemption.What drives someone to commit an act of terrible violence? Drawing from her thirty years of experience in providing therapy to people in prisons and secure hospitals who have committed serious offenses, Dr. Gwen Adshead provides fresh and surprising insights into violence and the mind. Through a collaboration with coauthor Eileen Horne, Dr. Adshead brings her extraordinary career to life in a series of unflinching portraits. Alongside doctor and patient, we discover what human cruelty, ranging from serial homicide to stalking, arson or sexual offending, means to perpetrators, experiencing firsthand how minds can change when the people some might label as &“evil&” are able to take responsibility for their life stories and get to know their own minds. With outcomes ranging from hope to despair, from denial to recovery, these men and women are revealed in all their complexity and shared humanity. In this era of mass incarceration, deep cuts in mental health care and extreme social schisms, this book offers a persuasive argument for compassion over condemnation. Moving, thought-provoking, and brilliantly told, The Devil You Know is a rare and timely book with the power to transform our ideas about cruelty and violence, and to radically expand the limits of empathy. &“A welcome contribution to the literature of crime and rehabilitation&” (Kirkus Reviews).
The Devil You Know: Looking out for the psycho in your life
by Jessica Fellowes Kerry DaynesHow many times have you despaired about how to handle your psycho boss or listened to your friend talk about how their dream date turned out to be a bit of a psychopath? It's far from just a turn of phrase, psychopaths aren't all serial killers or criminals as you might expect, they are seemingly ordinary people too. In fact around 3 % of the general population have strong psychopathic tendencies.The devil you know may be in disguise. So how do you know if someone close to hand isn't quite who they seem? The psycho inyour life could be your lover, your child, your colleague, your friend or the hot new date you've met on the internet. InThe Devil You Know,forensic psychologist Kerry Daynes explains the psyche of a psychopath, she reveals the behavioural traits they share in common and she gives advice on how to handle them - or better still, how to avoid them at all costs.Using research and high profile case studies,The Devil You Knowwill help you spot the psycho in your life.The only question is: can you affordnot to read this book?
The Devil's Castle: Nazi Eugenics, Euthanasia, and How Psychiatry's Troubled History Reverberates Today
by Susanne Paola AntonettaThe Devil&’s Castle delves into the forgotten history of eugenics and links it to present-day psychiatry to explain how we as a culture continue to get mind care so wrongIn The Devil&’s Castle, Susanne Paola Antonetta weaves a haunting narrative that confronts the darkest chapters of psychiatric history while offering a bold vision for the future of mental health care. In 1939, the eugenics movement growing throughout the West did its worst in Nazi Germany. Through the Aktion T4 euthanasia program, five asylums and an abandoned jail were transformed into gas chambers. Tens of thousands of lives—predominantly adults with neuropsychiatric conditions—were extinguished in those structures, ultimately paving the way for the horrors of the Holocaust.Interlacing her experiences of psychosis with the complex history of psychiatry, Antonetta sheds light on the intersections of madness and societal perceptions of mental difference. She brings to life the stories of Paul Schreber and Dorothea Buck, two historical figures who act as models for mind care and acceptance.This gripping exploration traverses the spectrum of neurodiversity, from the devastating consequences of dehumanization to the transformative potential of understanding and acceptance. With The Devil&’s Castle, Antonetta not only unearths the failures of our past, but also envisions a more compassionate, enlightened approach to consciousness and mental health care. This is a story of tragedy, resilience, and hope—a rallying cry for change that dares to challenge the limits of how we define and support the human mind.
The Dharma of Healing: The Path of Liberation from Stress, Pain, and Trauma
by Justin Michelson"...Both a refuge and a roadmap, this book illuminates the boundless love and wisdom that lies within each of us, waiting to be uncovered and shared."–Tara Brach, author of Radical Compassion A handbook for spiritual freedom in an age of global crisis.The world is in turmoil because of its trauma. Our unhealed psychological wounds block our innate expressions of wisdom and compassion, setting the stage for ongoing conflict, division, and stress. Our fate, both individual and collective, lies in our capacity to heal emotionally and spiritually—and for that, we need to remember the power, resilience, and essential goodness of our own hearts. This book is for anyone that wants to: Discover the root cause of their suffering and the key principles to heal it.Transform challenging emotions and deepen spiritual insight with simple and intuitive techniques.Integrate these skills and understandings back into relationships and work in the world.In The Dharma of Healing, Justin Michelson walks readers through an ingeniously simple approach to healing and spiritual insight using a unique and powerful form of self-compassion rooted in Buddhist wisdom. With 39 guided meditations that systematically lead readers through a comprehensive inner journey, Michelson provides everything that&’s needed to confidently walk the path of healing ourselves. Synergizing modern styles of emotional work with timeless spiritual practices, he shows how we can recognize painful emotions, transform difficult feelings into positive forces in our lives, and find our spiritual home within. The Dharma of Healing is an essential guide for anyone who longs for inner peace in a world that is so rarely peaceful.
The Diagnosis of Psychosis
by Edward T. Bullmore Rudolf N. CardinalPsychosis has many causes. Psychiatrists typically receive the most thorough training in its diagnosis, but the diagnosis of psychosis secondary to nonpsychiatric conditions is not often emphasized. An understanding of the underlying cause of psychosis is important for effective management. The Diagnosis of Psychosis bridges the gap between psychiatry and medicine, providing a comprehensive review of primary and secondary causes of psychosis. It covers both common and rare causes in a clinically focused guide. Useful both for teaching and reference, the text covers physical and mental state examination, describes key investigations, and summarizes the non-psychiatric features of medical conditions causing psychosis. Particularly relevant for psychiatrists and trainees in psychiatry, this volume will also assist neurologists and general physicians who encounter psychosis in their practice.
The Diagnostic System: Why the Classification of Psychiatric Disorders Is Necessary, Difficult, and Never Settled
by Jason SchnittkerMental illness is many things at once: It is a natural phenomenon that is also shaped by society and culture. It is biological but also behavioral and social. Mental illness is a problem of both the brain and the mind, and this ambiguity presents a challenge for those who seek to accurately classify psychiatric disorders. The leading resource we have for doing so is the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, but no edition of the manual has provided a decisive solution, and all have created controversy. In The Diagnostic System, the sociologist Jason Schnittker looks at the multiple actors involved in crafting the DSM and the many interests that the manual hopes to serve. Is the DSM the best tool for defining mental illness? Can we insure against a misleading approach?Schnittker shows that the classification of psychiatric disorders is best understood within the context of a system that involves diverse parties with differing interests. The public wants a better understanding of personal suffering. Mental-health professionals seek reliable and treatable diagnostic categories. Scientists want definitions that correspond as closely as possible to nature. And all parties seek definitive insight into what they regard as the right target. Yet even the best classification system cannot satisfy all of these interests simultaneously. Progress toward an ideal is difficult, and revisions to diagnostic criteria often serve the interests of one group at the expense of another. Schnittker urges us to become comfortable with the socially constructed nature of categorization and accept that a perfect taxonomy of mental-health disorders will remain elusive. Decision making based on evolving though fluid understandings is not a weakness but an adaptive strength of the mental-health profession, even if it is not a solid foundation for scientific discovery or a reassuring framework for patients.
The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Primer
by Barbara Stanley Beth S. BrodskyDialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) has quickly become a treatment of choice for individuals with borderline personality disorder and other complicated psychiatric conditions. Becoming proficient in standard DBT requires intensive training and extensive supervised experience. However, there are many DBT principles and procedures that can be readily adapted for therapists conducting supportive, psychodynamic, and even other forms of cognitive behavioral treatments.Despite this, there is a dearth of easily accessible reading material for the busy clinician or novice.This new book provides a clinically oriented, user-friendly guide to understanding and utilizing the principles and techniques of DBT for non-DBT-trained mental health practitioners and is an ideal guide to DBT for clinicians at all levels of experience.Written by internationally recognized experts in suicide, self injury and borderline personality disorder, it features clinical vignettes, following patients through a series of chapters, clearly illustrating both the therapeutic principles and interventions.
The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Workbook for Anger
by Alexander L. Chapman Kim L. GratzDo you struggle with anger? Is it hurting your relationships and holding you back from living the life you want? This book offers powerful, proven-effective dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) skills to help you understand and manage anger before it gets the better of you. Anger is a natural human emotion, and everyone feels it at some point in their lives. But if you suffer from chronic anger, it can throw your life out of balance and wreak havoc on relationships with family, friends, romantic partners, and work colleagues. So, how can you get your anger under control before it causes real consequences? Written by two world-renowned researchers in the field of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT),The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Workbook for Anger offers evidence-based skills designed to help you understand, accept, and regulate chronic anger and other intense emotions. DBT is a powerful and proven-effective treatment for regulating intense emotions such as anger. With its dialectical focus on acceptance and change, its roots in basic behavioral and emotion science, and its practical, easy-to-use skills, DBT provides a unique and effective approach for understanding and managing anger. If you're ready to move past your anger once and for all--and start living a better life--this book will show you how.
The Dialogic Imagination
by M. M. BakhtinThese essays reveal Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975)—known in the West largely through his studies of Rabelais and Dostoevsky—as a philosopher of language, a cultural historian, and a major theoretician of the novel. The Dialogic Imagination presents, in superb English translation, four selections from Voprosy literatury i estetiki (Problems of literature and esthetics), published in Moscow in 1975. The volume also contains a lengthy introduction to Bakhtin and his thought and a glossary of terminology. Bakhtin uses the category "novel" in a highly idiosyncratic way, claiming for it vastly larger territory than has been traditionally accepted. For him, the novel is not so much a genre as it is a force, "novelness," which he discusses in "From the Prehistory of Novelistic Discourse. " Two essays, "Epic and Novel" and "Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel," deal with literary history in Bakhtin's own unorthodox way. In the final essay, he discusses literature and language in general, which he sees as stratified, constantly changing systems of subgenres, dialects, and fragmented "languages" in battle with one another.
The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays
by Caryl Emerson Mikhail M. Bakhtin Michael HolquistThese essays reveal Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), known in the West largely through his studies of Rabelais and Dostoevsky as a philosopher of language, a cultural historian, and a major theoretician of the novel. The Dialogic Imagination presents, in superb English translation, four selections from Voprosy literatury i estetiki (Problems of literature and esthetics), published in Moscow in 1975. The volume also contains a lengthy introduction to Bakhtin and his thought and a glossary of terminology. Bakhtin uses the category "novel" in a highly idiosyncratic way, claiming for it vastly larger territory than has been traditionally accepted. For him, the novel is not so much a genre as it is a force, "novelness," which he discusses in "From the Prehistory of Novelistic Discourse. " Two essays, "Epic and Novel" and "Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel," deal with literary history in Bakhtin's own unorthodox way. In the final essay, he discusses literature and language in general, which he sees as stratified, constantly changing systems of subgenres, dialects, and fragmented "languages" in battle with one another.
The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense and Ethics
by Ivana MarkováDialogue has become a central theoretical concept in human and social sciences as well as in professions such as education, health, and psychotherapy. This 'dialogical turn' emphasises the importance of social relations and interaction to our behaviour and how we make sense of the world; hence the dialogical mind is the mind in interaction with others - with individuals, groups, institutions, and cultures in historical perspectives. Through a combination of rigorous theoretical work and empirical investigation, Marková presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology. The dialogical perspective, which focuses on interdependencies among the Self and Others, offers a powerful theoretical basis to comprehend, analyse, and discuss complex social issues. Marková considers the implications of dialogical epistemology both in daily life and in professional practices involving problems of communication, care, and therapy. Proposes dialogicality as the epistemology of common sense. Highlights the ethical nature of the Self-Other(s) interdependence in its cultural and historical contexts. Emphasises the importance of dialogical epistemology for professional practices.
The Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy: An Introduction
by Giancarlo Dimaggio Hubert J.M. HermansHow can a theory of the self be used to understand the psychotherapeutic process? The basic assumption of the 'dialogical self' is that there is no centralised 'headquarter' in the mind, but that the internal self is made up of a number of different 'characters'. Interpersonal relationships, from infancy onwards, become internalised - these internalised relationships then influence relationships during life. The Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy is divided into four clear and accessible sections, which explore: * theoretical and historical assumptions of the dialogical self from different angles: psychological, developmental and neurobiological* the relationships between Dialogical Self Therapy and the authors' own theoretical perspectives* treatment of clients suffering from severe disorders* method and research. The Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy gathers together psychotherapists from divergent origins to explore current thinking in the field: cognitive, constructivist, process-experiential, narrative, psychodynamic, psychodramatic, humanistic, and cognitive analytic. This innovative book brings together inter- and intra-subjective dialogue and clearly demonstrates how they are incorporated into the therapeutic process.
The Dialogical Therapist: Dialogue in Systemic Practice (The Systemic Thinking and Practice Series)
by Paolo BertrandoIn this book, the author describes the dialogic therapist as someone whose therapy is guided by the use of systemic hypotheses, helping the readers understand how the ideas and techniques can take their place among the vast array of ideas in the systemic field.
The Dialogues in and of the Group: Lacanian Perspectives on the Psychoanalytic Group (The New International Library of Group Analysis)
by Macario GiraldoThis book presents a number of perspectives using central Lacanian concepts to invite the clinician into a different reading of the group therapy phenomena. It is intended to group therapists to take the challenge and begin to wrestle with Lacanian concepts as they look at the group.
The Diamond Approach
by John Davis A. H. AlmaasThe Diamond Approach has been developed and taught over the last twenty-five years by Hameed Ali (known chiefly by his pen name, A. H. Almaas), who is widely recognized as a leader in the integration of spirituality and psychology. This is the first book to introduce the complete spectrum of his teachings to a general audience.
The Diamond Approach: An Introduction to the Teachings of A. H. Almaas
by John DavisA revised and expanded edition of the definitive guide to the Diamond Approach, the modern contemplative practice that integrates psychology and spirituality and emphasizes the importance of self-inquiry. The Diamond Approach has been developed and taught over the last forty-five years by Hameed Ali, who is known chiefly by his pen name, A. H. Almaas. This book, the first to offer a full overview of the Diamond Approach, is now revised and expanded with a new foreword by Almaas, a new preface by the author, and a new chapter that explores the most recent developments in Almaas's teaching and practice methods. Author John Davis offers a rich, compelling introduction to the unique spiritual tradition that philosopher Ken Wilber recommends as "the most balanced of the widely available spiritual psychologies/therapies." Influenced by ancient traditions such as Sufism and Buddhism as well as by modern psychology, the Diamond Approach is particularly well-suited to twenty-first century seekers who embrace both spirituality and science. Beginning with an account of his own work with the Diamond Approach, Davis proceeds to outline the tradition's central practice of Inquiry, a form of open-ended exploration of present-moment experience akin to mindfulness practice. From there, he launches readers into an exploration of metaphysical concepts such as soul, space, Essence, self-realization, and the dimensions of Being. Complex yet concise, profound yet accessible, The Diamond Approach offers readers bold new perspectives on reality and human potential.
The Dictionary Of Managed Care: A Is For Access
by Jodi AronsonThe idea of managed care has sparked much controversy including its impact on the insurance industry, employer providers of care, and the patients themselves. In the confusion that comes with deciphering this complex system, this book provides clear and concise definitions of the most commonly used words, phrases and abbreviations in the industry. If mental health professionals want to become a part of the managed care system, they need to understand the terminology. In addition to the easy-to-understand definitions, the author provides examples for further clarification and appendices which include: a termination summary, a treatment plan, a treatment update, and a release form for confidential information. The idea for this book came about after the author gave a lecture at a national conference and the audience repeatedly asked for definitions of basic managed care terms. Therefore, this dictionary does not contain a debate on the pros or cons of managed care or an inside look into the managed care system. Instead, the author has provided a valuable resource for the professional that will answer questions regarding the basic terms of this industry.
The Dictionary of Body Language: A Field Guide to Human Behavior
by Joe NavarroFrom the world’s #1 body language expert* comes the essential book for decoding human behavior Joe Navarro has spent a lifetime observing others. For 25 years, as a Special Agent for the FBI, he conducted and supervised interrogations of spies and other dangerous criminals, honing his mastery of nonverbal communication. After retiring from the bureau, he has become a sought-after public speaker and consultant, and an internationally bestselling author. Now, a decade after his groundbreaking book What Every BODY is Saying, Navarro returns with his most ambitious work yet. The Dictionary of Body Language is a pioneering “field guide” to nonverbal communication, describing and explaining the more than 400 behaviors that will allow you to gauge anyone’s true intentions.Moving from the head down to the feet, Navarro reveals the hidden meanings behind the many conscious and subconscious things we do. Readers will learn how to tell a person’s actual feelings from subtle changes in their pupils; the lip behaviors that betray concerns or hidden information; the many different varieties of arm posturing, and what each one means; how the position of our thumbs when we stand akimbo reflects our mental state; and many other fascinating insights to help you both read others and change their perceptions of you.Readers will turn to The Dictionary Body Language again and again—a body language bible for anyone looking to understand what their boss really means, interpret whether a potential romantic partner is interested or not, and learn how to put themselves forward in the most favorable light.*GlobalGurus.com
The Dictionary of Dreams: Every Meaning Interpreted (Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia Ser. #2)
by Quarto Publishing GroupOne of the most definitive books on the subject with more than 15,000 dream symbols to help you decode the meanings behind your nightly musings.The Dictionary of Dreams provides the necessary tools to interpret almost every dream object and its hidden meaning to better understand what your subconscious is telling you.Dreams can be fun and adventurous, but also frightening and distorted, and still again, they can be an endless combination of both. From spitting teeth out (a sign of aging), to creepy, crawly spiders (a sign that one feels like an outsider), dreams can mean much more to us once we learn how to decipher their hidden meanings. Whether positive or negative, The Dictionary of Dreamsgives you all the tools, symbols, and their true meanings to translate our cryptic nightly images.Starting with selections from classic texts like Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, and 10,000 Dreams Interpreted by Gustavus Hindman Miller, one of the first authors to complete a thorough study of all the symbols that appear in our dream-scape, this updated edition features revisions (such as the addition of cell phones, computers, televisions, and more) of Miller’s original interpretations to bring the book up to speed with our modern life.
The Dictionary of Psychology
by Ray CorsiniWith more than three times as many defined entries, biographies, illustrations, and appendices than any other dictionary of psychology ever printed in the English language, Raymond Corsini's Dictionary of Psychology is indeed a landmark resource. The most comprehensive, up-to-date reference of its kind, the Dictionary also maintains a user-friendliness throughout. This combination ensures that it will serve as the definitive work for years to come. With a clear and functional design, and highly readable style, the Dictionary offers over 30,000 entries (including interdisciplinary terms and contemporary slang), more than 125 illustrations, as well as extensive cross-referencing of entries. Ten supportive appendices, such as the Greek Alphabet, Medical Prescription Terms, and biographies of more than 1,000 deceased contributors to psychology, further augment the Dictionary's usefulness. Over 100 psychologists as well as numerous physicians participated as consulting editors, and a dozen specialist consulting editors reviewed the material. Dr. Alan Auerbach, the American Psychological Association's de facto dictionary expert, served as the senior consulting editor. As a final check for comprehensiveness and accuracy, independent review editors were employed to re-examine, re-review, and re-approve every entry.
The Dictionary of the Work of W.R. Bion
by Rafael E. Lopez-CorvoThis impressive work constitutes an important and timely addition to existing dictionaries of psychoanalytic ideas. It is not intended to replace the reading of Bion’s original texts nor is it a biography of W.R. Bion, the man. A brief history of Bion’s life is offered in the introduction to illuminate the conscious and unconscious factors that may have been an influence on his work, but the aim of this volume is to serve as an insightful and comprehensive guide to the often obscure meanings and terms explored and created by Bion throughout his many years, first as a psychiatrist and later as a psychoanalyst. It is an essential companion to the works of Bion that brings clarity and understanding to his absorbing concepts and is a vital addition to the library of anyone who has read and wondered over the writings of W.R. Bion.
The Diet Trap Solution: Train Your Brain to Lose Weight and Keep It Off for Good
by Judith S. Beck Deborah Beck BusisThe New York Times bestselling author of The Beck Diet Solution teams up with her daughter and colleague at the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior to teach readers how to think their way thin, offering practical, proven tools for escaping common diet traps for good.Most diet programs work at first. But then life happens—stress, bad habits, holidays, travel—and we revert to bad habits, and the weight comes back. In this invaluable book, Dr. Judith Beck offers the solution to break free from these common diet traps and keep the weight off for life.Dr. Beck explains that when it comes to losing weight, it’s not just about what we eat. It’s also about how we think. To consistently eat differently, we must learn to think differently. Diets fail us because they don’t offer effective strategies for overcoming the common traps—emotional eating, social pressure, dining out—that can derail us. Now, she and her daughter, Deborah Beck Busis, share the techniques they have successfully used with thousands of clients, revealing how to overcome the thoughts and behaviors that have held us back. With The Diet Trap Solution, readers on any diet regimen can learn to identify their specific diet traps and create action plans to strengthen their “resistance muscle”—making losing weight easy, sustainable, and enjoyable.