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Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing
by Yorick WilksAccompanying continued industrial production and sales of artificial intelligence and expert systems is the risk that difficult and resistant theoretical problems and issues will be ignored. The participants at the Third Tinlap Workshop, whose contributions are contained in Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing, remove that risk. They discuss and promote theoretical research on natural language processing, examinations of solutions to current problems, development of new theories, and representations of published literature on the subject. Discussions among these theoreticians in artificial intelligence, logic, psychology, philosophy, and linguistics draw a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the natural language processing field.
Theoretical Issues in Psychology: An Introduction
by Dr Huib Looren De Jong Dr Sacha Bem"Bem and de Jong present complex ideas in an accessible manner. Theoretical Issues in Psychology gives undergraduate psychology students all the resources they need to begin reflecting on the most pressing conceptual issues in their discipline." - Stuart Wilson, Queen Margaret University The 3rd edition of Theoretical Issues in Psychology provides an authoritative overview of the conceptual issues in psychology which introduces the underlying philosophies that underpin them. It includes new insights across the philosophy of science combined with increased psychological coverage to show clearly how these two communities interrelate, ensuring an integrative understanding of the fundamental debates and how they link to your wider studies. Key features of this new edition include: Concise paragraphs, multiple examples and additional summaries throughout to help you focus on key areas of knowledge. Textboxes with definitions and key concepts to help your understanding of the main debates and ideas. New content on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, cognition and cognitive neuroscience. New up-to-date material on consciousness and evolutionary psychology. For lecturers and teachers, PowerPoint slides are available for each chapter. Sacha Bem & Huib Looren de Jong's textbook remains essential for students taking courses in conceptual and historical issues in psychology, the philosophy of psychology or theoretical psychology.
Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension: Perspectives from Cognitive Psychology, Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence and Education (Psychology Library Editions: Psychology of Reading #11)
by Rand J. Spiro, Bertram C. Bruce and William F. BrewerResearch in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence – the three disciplines that have the most direct application to an understanding of the mental processes in reading – is presented in this multilevel work, originally published in 1980, that attempts to provide a systematic and scientific basis for understanding and building a comprehensive theory of reading comprehension. The major focus is on understanding the processes involved in the comprehension of written text. Underlying most of the contributions is the assumption that skilled reading comprehension requires a coordination of text with context in a way that goes far beyond simply chaining together the meanings of a string of decoded words. The topics discussed are divided into five general areas: Global Issues; Text Structure; Language, Knowledge of the World, and Inference; Effects of Prior Language Experience; and Comprehension Strategies and Facilitators, and represent a broad base of methodology and data that should be of interest not only to those concerned with the reading process, but also to basic science researchers in psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and related disciplines.
Theoretical Issues in Stuttering
by Ann Packman Joseph S. AttanasioDespite decades of research into the nature and treatment of stuttering, the causes and underlying mechanisms of it are still not well understood. In this unique and comprehensive overview of the numerous theories and models which seek to understand and explain stuttering, the authors of Theoretical Issues in Stuttering provide an invaluable account. Covering an impressive range of topics including past and current theories of stuttering, this edition provides the reader with an updated evaluation of the literature on the subject of stuttering alongside exploring the evolution of new theories. Placing each within the relevant historical context, the authors explore the contribution of theory to both understanding and managing stuttering. Theoretical Issues in Stuttering is a critical account of the models and theories which surround the subject of stuttering, aiming to act as a key resource for students of speech-language pathology as well as lecturers, clinicians and researchers within the field.
Theoretical Issues of Using Simulations and Games in Educational Assessment: Applications in School and Workplace Contexts (Routledge Research in Digital Education and Educational Technology)
by Harold F. O'NeilPresenting original studies and rich conceptual analyses, this volume reports on theoretical issues involved in the use of simulations and games in educational assessment. Chapters consider how technologies can be used to effectively assess, modify, and enhance learning and assessment in education and training. By highlighting theoretical issues arising from the use of games and simulations as assessment tools for selection and classification, training, and evaluation across educational and workplace contexts, the volume offers both broad conceptual views on assessment, as well as rich descriptions of various, context-specific applications. Through a focus that includes both quantitative and qualitative approaches, policy implications, meta-analysis, and constructs, the volume highlights commonalities and divergence in theoretical research being conducted in relation to K-12, post-secondary, and military education and assessment. In doing so, the collection enhances understanding of how games and simulations can intersect with the science of learning to improve educational outcomes. Given its rigorous and multidisciplinary approach, this book will prove an indispensable resource for researchers and scholars in the fields of educational assessment and evaluation, educational technology, military psychology, and educational psychology.
Theoretical Models of Counseling and Psychotherapy
by Kevin A. Fall Janice Miner Holden Andre MarquisThis text provides a comprehensive overview of a variety of major counseling theories and focuses on the integration of different theoretical models. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, it offers a detailed description of the philosophical basis for each theory, along with historical context and a biography of the founder. Each chapter follows a similar format and explores the main features of the theory, including its approach to and ideas on personality development, human nature, the role of environment, the change process in therapy, and contributions and limitations to the mental health field. Theory-specific information on diagnosis, psychopharmacology, multicultural issues, spirituality, and gender issues is also discussed. These features will provide students with a deeper and more complete understanding of counseling theory than is available in any single resource and allow them to easily bridge classroom study to their future practice. This second edition of the text has been completely updated and includes more case examples, as well as a new chapter on Constructivist approaches. An online instructor's manual with student resources is available and offers material to enhance the pedagogical features of the text.
Theoretical Models of Counseling and Psychotherapy
by Kevin A. Fall Janice Miner Holden Andre MarquisThe fourth edition of Theoretical Models of Counseling and Psychotherapy provides a comprehensive overview of a variety of major counseling theories and focuses on the integration of different theoretical models. With new information on multiculturalism and diversity, the book offers a detailed description of the philosophical basis for each theory as well as historical context and biographical information on each theory’s founder. Chapters include new case excerpts and clinical examples, and each chapter follows a consistent structure in its exploration of each theory’s features, including its approach to and ideas on personality development, human nature, the role of environment, the change process in therapy, and contributions to the mental health field. Theory-specific information on diagnosis, psychopharmacology, spirituality, and gender issues is also discussed, and there is an added emphasis on diversity and social justice issues. The book is accompanied by instructor and student resources where professors and students will find exercises and course material that will further deepen their understanding of counseling theory and allow them to easily bridge classroom study to future practice. Available for free download for each chapter: PowerPoint slides and a testbank of 25 multiple-choice questions.
Theoretical Neuroscience: Understanding Cognition
by Xiao-Jing WangThis textbook is an introduction to Systems and Theoretical/Computational Neuroscience, with a particular emphasis on cognition. It consists of three parts: Part I covers fundamental concepts and mathematical models in computational neuroscience, along with cutting-edge topics. Part II explores the building blocks of cognition, including working memory (how the brain maintains and manipulates information "online" without external input), decision making (how choices are made among multiple options under conditions of uncertainty and risk) and behavioral flexibility (how we direct attention and control actions). Part III is dedicated to frontier research, covering models of large-scale multi-regional brain systems, Computational Psychiatry and the interface with Artificial Intelligence. The author highlights the perspective of neural circuits as dynamical systems, and emphasizes a cross-level mechanistic understanding of the brain and mind, from genes and cell types to collective neural populations and behavior. Overall, this textbook provides an opportunity for readers to become well versed in this highly interdisciplinary field of the twenty-first century. Key Features Rooted in the most recent advances in experimental studies of basic cognitive functions Introduces neurobiological and mathematical concepts so that the book is self-contained Heavily illustrated with high-quality figures that help to illuminate neurobiological concepts, present experimental findings and explain mathematical models Concludes with a list of core cognitive behavior tasks, ten take-home messages and three open questions for future research Computer model codes are available via GitHub for hands-on practice
Theoretical Perspectives for Direct Social Work Practice: A Generalist-Eclectic Approach
by Nick Coady Peter Lehmann<p>This expanded third edition of a popular textbook provides a completely revised and updated overview of the theories, models, and therapies that inform direct social work practice. The text is grounded in generalist social work principles and values and promotes a problem-solving model of social work practice as a framework for the eclectic use of theory, as well as for integrating the artistic, reflective elements of practice. It provides in-depth coverage of select psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, critical, and postmodern theories. <p>The third edition features a new section on Critical Theories, where a new chapter on Empowerment Theory is included with a completely revised chapter on Feminist Theory. A new chapter on Strengths-based Social Work has been added to the section on meta-theories for social work practice. Other new chapters include Emotion-focused Therapy and Collaborative Therapy. These revisions are based on suggestions from an extensive survey of professors.</p>
Theoretical Perspectives on Cognitive Aging
by Timothy A. SalthouseThe phenomenon of age-related cognitive decline has long been controversial, both in terms of mere existence, and with respect to how it is explained. Some researchers have dismissed it as an artifact of declining health or lower levels of education, and others have attributed it to general changes occurring in the external environment. Still other interpretations have been based on the "use it or lose it" principle -- known as the Disuse Hypothesis -- or on the idea that there are qualitative differences in either the structure or the process of cognition across the adult years. Perhaps the most popular approach at present relies on the information-processing perspective and attempts to identify the critical processing component most responsible for age-related differences in cognition. The primary purposes of this book are first to review the evidence of age-related differences in cognitive functioning and then to evaluate the major explanations proposed to account for the negative relations between age and cognition that have been established. Included is a discussion of theoretical dimensions and levels of scientific theorizing assumed to be helpful in understanding and evaluating alternative perspectives on cognitive aging. The various perspectives are then covered in detail and analyzed. The text concludes with observations about the progress that has been made in explaining cognitive aging phenomena, plus recommendations for research practices that might contribute to greater progress in the future.
Theoretical Principles of Sociology, Volume 1: Macrodynamics
by Jonathan H. TurnerIn a general study of Sociological Theory, social processes are usually broken down into three tiers: macrodynamics (societies and large-scale institutions), microdynamics (interpersonal encounters), and mesodynamics (corporations, communities, smaller organizations). In this seminal work, the author pulls these separate areas of research into one comprehensive general theory of social reality.<P><P> More than analytical distinctions or research terminology, the author demonstrates that the social world actually unfolds along these three (macro, micro, and meso) levels of interaction. By developing a set of explanatory, testable, repeatable principles, the author creates a general empirical framework for sociological research. The three volumes of Principles of Sociology explore each level of social dynamics individually, with cross-references to bring the three together. This work will be essential for researchers in Sociological Theory and Social Psychology. Individual volumes will present new research of interest for researchers in Race and Ethnicity, Stratification, Demography, Political Sociology, Organizations and Community Movements, Motivation and Emotions.
Theoretical Principles of Sociology, Volume 2: Microdynamics
by Jonathan H. TurnerMicro-level dynamics revolve around face-to-face interactions among individuals. What occurs within encounters is constrained by their embedding with corporate and categoric units and, by extension, institutional domains, stratification systems, community networks, societies, and inter-societal systems. In this Handbook, the author explores the effect of microdynamics on these larger social systems.
Theoretical Principles of Sociology, Volume 3: Mesodynamics
by Jonathan H. TurnerThe meso-level realm of social reality is structured by corporate and categoric units, along with their respective cultures. Unlike the macro and micro realms of social reality, the meso-level does not reveal its own unique forces. Rather, the dynamics of meso-structures and cultures are driven by macro- and micro-level forces pushing on individual and collective actors as they build corporate units and develop parameters defining membership in particular social categories.
Theoretical and Clinical Perspectives on Narrative in Psychoanalysis: The Creation of Intimate Fictions
by Joye Weisel-BarthThis book is of and about psychoanalytic stories. It describes the personal, theoretical, and cultural stories that patients and analysts bring, create, and modify in analytic work. It shows how the joint creation of new life narratives over time results in transformed senses of self and relationship. Flowing from the tradition of narrative theory, these stories seek to recast the creation of analytic narratives in social contexts and contemporary relational theories. They depict ongoing therapeutic process and heightened interactive events and moments that together expand personal scope and change life directions for both partners in the analytic dyad. Its stories illuminate sometimes difficult and arcane analytic theory, bringing the meanings and utility of theory into living action. They also show how familiar emotions such as love, hate, envy, and loneliness, and active human values such as empathy, generosity, and good faith function in psychoanalytic interaction. In short, these analytic stories are useful teaching tools. The narrative tales in this book address a wide range of history and emotions in both patients and analyst. The patients, fictionalized characters from a lifetime of analytic practice, are protagonists with backgrounds of trauma, loss, relational and geographical dislocation, but also successful adaptations and struggle toward self-development. Some of their stories describe intense short-term work and others long-term analytic relationships. The subjective experience and responses of the analyst are also central parts of the analytic fictions. The book will be invaluable to readers curious about psychoanalysis, for therapists, and especially for teachers of therapeutic issues and process.
Theoretical and Practical Advances in Computer-based Educational Measurement (Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment)
by Bernard P. Veldkamp Cor SluijterThis open access book presents a large number of innovations in the world of operational testing. It brings together different but related areas and provides insight in their possibilities, their advantages and drawbacks. The book not only addresses improvements in the quality of educational measurement, innovations in (inter)national large scale assessments, but also several advances in psychometrics and improvements in computerized adaptive testing, and it also offers examples on the impact of new technology in assessment. Due to its nature, the book will appeal to a broad audience within the educational measurement community. It contributes to both theoretical knowledge and also pays attention to practical implementation of innovations in testing technology.
Theorie und Praxis des Mentalen Trainings in der Klavierpädagogik: Eine vergleichende Systematisierung methodischer Zugänge unter Einbeziehung sportwissenschaftlicher Studien
by Miho OhkiAuftrittsangst ist ein weit verbreitendes Phänomen unter Musikern. Das Ziel der Forschung ist, mit Hilfe der Sportpsychologie die Techniken des Mentalen Trainings für die Klavierpädagogik systematisch und praxisorientiert auszubauen. Den Kern der Arbeit bilden folgende drei Forschungsfragen: 1. Welche Methoden des Mentalen Trainings werden in den Bereichen von Musik und Sport angewendet? 2. Ist es möglich, die Methoden des Mentalen Trainings für Musikausübende anzuwenden und in den Klavierunterricht systematisch zu integrieren? 3. Kann eine regelmäßige Anwendung des Mentalen Trainings den Umgang mit der Auftrittsangst verbessern? Um die erste Frage zu beantworten, wird zuerst die Fachliteratur beider Bereiche (Musik und Sport) betrachtet. Danach werden die in beiden Disziplinen genutzten Methoden systematisiert und ausführlich dargestellt, um die Anwendbarkeit des Mentalen Trainings im musikalischen Bereich zu überprüfen und systematisch in den Klavierunterricht zu integrieren. Anschließend wird der Einsatz des Mentalen Trainings in der Klavierpädagogik anhand einer kleinen Studie untersucht und hinsichtlich seiner Effektivität ausgewertet.
Theorie und Praxis des systemischen Ansatzes: Die Systemtheorie Watzlawicks Und Luhmanns Verständlich Erklärt
by Joop Willemse Falko Von AmelnDieses Buch bietet eine verständliche Einführung in das systemische Denken und Arbeiten auf der Grundlage der neueren Systemtheorie. Es führt dabei erstmalig zwei Perspektiven und Theorierichtungen in einem Werk zusammen: Die Systemtheorie Paul Watzlawicks sowie den soziologischen Ansatz von Niklas Luhmann. Ziel ist es, die Grundlagen des systemischen Arbeitens für Studierende, Dozenten und Praktiker eingängig und alltagsnah zu erklären, mit klaren Definitionen und zahlreichen Beispielen aus allen Lebensbereichen. Das Buch ist geeignet für die Vertiefung im Studium und für die Anwendung in Therapie, Beratung und sozialer Arbeit. Dabei werden die Praxisfelder Familie, Wohngruppen und Organisationen besonders beleuchtet. Leserinnen und Lesern dieses Buches werden die Denkweisen der genannten Theorien auf unterhaltsame Weise vermittelt und ein selbstständiger, kreativer Umgang mit ihnen ermöglicht.
Theorie und Praxis in der Lehrerbildung: Verhältnisbestimmungen aus der Perspektive von Fachdidaktiken (Edition Fachdidaktiken)
by Christian Harteis Carina Caruso Alexander GröschnerDer Band unternimmt den Versuch, Beiträge aus unterschiedlichen Fachdidaktiken zusammenzutragen, die sich der Verhältnisbestimmung von Theorie und Praxis widmen und der Frage nachgehen, wie eine Verknüpfung von Theorie und Praxis am Lernort Hochschule konzipiert, angeleitet und erfolgreich gestaltet werden kann. Die Beiträge aus unterschiedlichen Domänen skizzieren, wie das im Zusammenhang mit Praktika obligatorische Lehren, Lernen und Forschen als Lerngelegenheit gestaltet werden kann, sodass angehende Lehrpersonen Theorie und Praxis miteinander in Beziehung setzen, relationieren und systematisieren und somit die Professionalisierung durch Praktika einen nachhaltigen Lerngewinn erzielt.
Theories Of Memory
by Susan E. Gathercole Martin A. Conway Alan F. Collins Peter E. MorrisThis is a collection of chapters by some of the most influential memory researchers. Chapters focus on a wide range of key areas of research. The main emphasis throughout the book is on theoretical issues and how they relate to existing empirical work. The contributions reveal that memory continues to be an important research area and they provide a state-of- the-art perspective on this central aspect of cognitive psychology.
Theories Of Memory II
by Susan E. Gathercole Martin A. Conway Cesare CornoldiThis work is a collection of theoretical statements from a broad range of memory researchers. Each chapter was derived from a presentation given at the 2nd International Conference on Memory, held at Abano Termi, Italy, 15th to 19th July 1996. The contributions cover imagery, implicit and explicit memory, encoding and retrieval processes, neuroimaging, age- related changes in memory, development of conceptual knowledge, spatial memory, the ecological approach to memory, processes mediating false memories, and cognitive models of memory.
Theories Of Personality
by Jess Feist Tomi-Ann Roberts Gregory J. FestTheories of Personality provides a comprehensive foundation on the nature of personality theory, as well as its contributions to science. Coverage of each theory encompasses a biographical sketch of each theorist, related research, and applications to real life. Written by two preeminent psychology professors, Gregory J. Feist and Tomi-Ann Roberts, this program is engaging and student-friendly introduction to Personality Psychology.
Theories and Applications of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Relevance Across Cultures and Settings
by Lawrence H. Gerstein Earl J. Ginter Gargi RoysircarTheories and Applications of Counseling and Psychotherapy provides students with the foundational knowledge needed to implement various therapeutic approaches in individual and family counseling. The dynamic author team presents theories through a multicultural and social justice-oriented lens, including evidence to support each theory. Students will embrace chapter concepts through vibrant illustrations and relevant examples from movies, TV shows, photographs, paintings, musical lyrics, news articles, and other sources presented throughout.
Theories and Applications of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Relevance Across Cultures and Settings
by Lawrence H. Gerstein Earl J. Ginter Gargi RoysircarTheories and Applications of Counseling and Psychotherapy provides students with the foundational knowledge needed to implement various therapeutic approaches in individual and family counseling. The dynamic author team presents theories through a multicultural and social justice-oriented lens, including evidence to support each theory. Students will embrace chapter concepts through vibrant illustrations and relevant examples from movies, TV shows, photographs, paintings, musical lyrics, news articles, and other sources presented throughout.
Theories and Practices of Psychoanalysis in Central Europe: Narrative Assemblages of Self-Analysis, Life Writing, and Fiction (History of Psychoanalysis)
by Agnieszka SobolewskaTheories and Practices of Psychoanalysis in Central Europe explores the close relationship between psychoanalysis, psycho-medical discourses, literature, and the visual arts of the late 1800s and early 1900s in Central Europe. Agnieszka Sobolewska addresses the issue of theories and practices of psychoanalysis in Central Europe and the need to undertake interdisciplinary reflection on the specificity of psychoanalytic literary genres and fin-de-siècle psycho-medical discourses. With a focus on the circulation of Freudianism in the territories of present-day Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany, the book considers the creative transformations that psychoanalytic thought underwent in these countries and reflects on the specificity of psychoanalytic literary genres and the pivotal role of lifewriting genres in the psychoanalytic movement. Sobolewska’s work both fills a visible gap in research on the history of psychoanalysis in Central Europe before the outbreak of World War II and offers the first insightful analysis of the role of life writing in the development of psychoanalytic thought. Theories and Practices of Psychoanalysis in Central Europe will be of great interest to psychoanalysts in practice and in training as well as scholars of the history of psychoanalysis, the history of psychology, literature, cultural anthropology, and modernism.
Theories for Mental Health Nursing: A Guide for Practice
by Nicola Wright Theo StickleyAn understanding of the theories that shape and define mental health policy and practice is essential for every mental health nurse. This book gives you the knowledge you need to understand those complex and varying theories, concepts and approaches. It helps you to deconstruct mental health and become a critical practitioner by drawing on a wealth of literature and research. Topics covered include cognitive behavioural therapy, recovery, risk and critical theories. Every Chapter includes: - Learning objectives and chapter summaries which highlight the key points. - A detailed case study which challenges you to relate theory to practice. - An explanation of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It will be essential reading for all students of mental health nursing at pre-registration and practitioner level. It will also be valuable reading for those taking broader courses in mental health. Theo Stickley is Associate Professor of Mental Health at the University of Nottingham. Nicola Wright is Lecturer in Mental Health at the University of Nottingham.