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Comparative Cognition: Commonalities and Diversity
by James R. Anderson Hika KuroshimaThis book presents an overview of selected topics in comparative cognition, which is the study of behaviour and mental activities in nonhuman animals. Human psychological capacities are often used as a heuristic by comparative cognitive scientists, whose tasks include designing valid procedures for studying species’ sensory, linguistic or manipulatory abilities that differ from those of humans. Nonetheless, researchers have developed many original ways to gain insights into how other species perceive the world, store and integrate information, and communicate. The contributors to this book have all been involved in such work, and will present some of the approaches that have led to clear advances in our understanding of cognitive processes in other species. The chapters integrate a review of past literature with recent work, covering a variety of subject species including birds, domestic dogs and cats, and nonhuman primates. All contributors have worked with or been otherwise influenced by Professor Kazuo Fujita, to whom the volume will be dedicated. Fujita’s openness to research on various topics and species is reflected in the diversity of the chapters presented.The book will be of interest to students and more experienced researchers in diverse fields including psychology, anthropology, biology and veterinary studies.
Comparative Methods in Psychology (Crosscurrents in Contemporary Psychology Series)
by Marc H. BornsteinFirst published in 1980. Psychology is today increasingly diversified, sophisticated, pluralistic, and specialized, and psychologists venture beyond the confines of their narrow subdiscipline only rarely. Yet psychologists with different specialties encounter similar problems, ask similar questions, and share similar concerns. Unfortunately, there are far too few forums for the expression or exploration of what is common in psychology. The series, Crosscurrents in Contemporary Psychology, is intended to serve as such a forum. The purpose of this volume, Comparative Methods in Psychology is to make available to the psychological community thoughtful essays that examine the history, philosophy, theory, methodology, and experimentation representative of major comparative methods. The chapters in this collection are intended to introduce students of psychology to specialized modes of comparison from the perspectives of prominent contributors and to promote mutual discussion among comparativists of issues and concerns common to all types of comparison.
Comparative Perspectives on the Development of Memory
by Robert Kail and Norman E. SpearPublished in the year 1984, Comparative Perspectives on the Development of Memory is a valuable contribution to the field of Developmental Psychology.
Comparative Psychology and Educational Outcomes: Lessons from Project Nim
by Joyce E. ButlerComparative Psychology and Educational Outcomes is designed to empower educators to lead with wisdom, strengthen their belief that all students can learn at high standards, and create a vision of excellence that becomes actionable, allowing us to be difference makers in the lives of all learners.The framework of the Logic Model creates a road map for how to analyse the effectiveness of our instruction. This model offers a systematic approach for determining the root cause analysis of an identified challenge, avoiding the pitfall of enacting a solution before we have named the challenge, thereby perpetuating inadequate learning outcomes. This text presents case studies to demonstrate how this analytic process can be used to examine and strengthen literacy and social intelligence skills, including the exploration of a variety of teaching and learning frameworks. This text builds a bridge between the research and a school’s identified challenge, allowing for systemic and systematic change that meets the needs of the identified challenge, guided by the experts in our field.Connecting evidence-based strategies with day-to-day practice, this book is aimed at educational leaders (principals, superintendents, special education directors, teachers) in their role as practitioners and those working toward their certifications in the university setting.
Comparative Psychology for Clinical Psychologists and Therapists: What Animal Behavior Can Tell Us about Human Psychology
by Terry L. Maple Daniel C. MarstonFeaturing animal research, from pigeons to primates, this book explains how comparative psychology can enrich our insights into human psychological processes. Each chapter covers a different clinical disorder or problem commonly encountered by clinical psychologists and therapists, including depression, autism and social communication disorders, substance abuse and obesity, and reviews related research into animal behaviors. Revealing how animal models can grant psychologists a better understanding of the motivations and causes for behaviors that are impossible or challenging to study in humans, the authors suggest interventions, drawn from research findings in comparative psychology, that can effectively address psychological disorders in humans.
Comparative Psychology of Invertebrates: The Field and Laboratory Study of Insect Behavior (Research in Developmental and Comparative Psychology #2)
by Gary Greenberg Ethel TobachFirst Published in 1997. The papers in this volume on invertebrate behaviour, predominantly ant behaviour, are presented as a tribute to T. C. Schneirla and to his theoretical and experimental contributions to our understanding of the development and evolution of behaviour. His emphasis on development also brought to the fore new questions, many of which are addressed in this volume. Advances in technical instrumentation for research will be useful in reformulating these old questions in new and significantly constructive programs for responsible research. The theoretical contributions of Schneirla will continue to prove an important facilitation of those new research techniques.
Comparative Psychology: Evolution and Development of Behavior, 2nd Edition
by Mauricio R. PapiniComparative Psychology (second edition) is a core textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses in Comparative Psychology, Animal Behavior, and Evolutionary Psychology. Its main goal is to introduce the student to evolutionary and developmental approaches to the study of animal behavior. The structure of the book reflects the principal areas of importance to psychology students studying animal behavior: evolution, physiological issues, learning and cognition, development, and social evolution. Throughout, this text includes many examples drawn from the study of human behavior, highlighting general and basic principles that apply broadly to the animal kingdom.
Comparative Psychology: Evolution and Development of Brain and Behavior, 3rd Edition
by Mauricio R PapiniThis revised third edition provides an up to date, comprehensive overview of the field of comparative psychology, integrating both evolutionary and developmental studies of brain and behavior. This book provides a unique combination of areas normally covered independently to satisfy the requirements of comparative psychology courses. Papini ensures thorough coverage of topics like the fundamentals of neural function, the cognitive and associative capacities of animals, the development of the central nervous system and behavior, and the fossil record of animals including human ancestors. This text includes many examples drawn from the study of human behavior, highlighting general and basic principles that apply broadly to the animal kingdom. New topics introduced in this edition include genetics, epigenetics, neurobiological, and cognitive advances made in recent years into this evolutionary-developmental framework. An essential textbook for upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in comparative psychology, animal behavior, and evolutionary psychology, developmental psychology, neuroscience and behavioral biology.
Comparative Psychopathology: Connecting Comparative and Clinical Psychology
by Terry Maple Daniel Marston Margaret GopaulThis book introduces readers to a more comprehensive and empirically based approach to psychopathology than any other approach in use by psychological professionals today. It incorporates all areas of psychological research, experimental and observation as well as clinical and medical. This approach presents a method that does not entirely replace methods like those in the DSM-5 but improves them.Comparative psychology, the study of behavior across all species, has a solid place in this approach because it is where behaviors and psychological processes are studied in the most objective and empirically-sound manner. Areas covered throughout this text include not only the history of comparative psychopathology and comparative psychopathology as an approach to understanding psychological disorders, including anxiety and depressive disorders, better but also how comparative psychopathology can help advance psychology’s understanding of terrible social ills, including poverty and violence.By reading this text, readers will find essential information about how incorporating comparative psychology into understanding psychopathology can make that understanding stronger and how this approach can help psychology make for a truly better and just world.
Comparative Psychotherapy: An Experimental Analysis
by Adolph O. Di LoretoThis book details the first comparative study under controlled conditions of the three major schools of psychotherapy-client-centered therapy, behavioral or systematic desensitization therapy, and rational-emotive therapy. The study was organized to compare the effectiveness of these distinct forms of counseling with two distinct personality types-introverts and extroverts-in the treatment of two specific homogeneous problems-interpersonal anxiety and general anxiety. The study was reviewed by experts representing each of the schools of thought, and critiques are included as part of the total book.Each school of therapy was evaluated to determine which was most effective with what type of subject. In this study, client-centered therapy proved to have the best results in reducing anxiety with extroverts, while the rational-emotive approach worked best with introverts. The therapy that had the greatest breadth, in terms of effectiveness for both kinds of clients, was systematic desensitization. This remarkable study should have far-reaching influence in the practical use of psychotherapy, and is essential reading for all professionals and psychology students who plan to enter the area of counseling. Instructors can use this book as a basic text or as a supplement to all introductory courses in clinical or counseling psychology offered at the senior/graduate level.
Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis: A Relational Perspective for the Discipline's Second Century (Relational Perspectives Book Series #Vol. 35)
by Brent WillockFinalist for the 2007 Goethe Award for Psychoanalytic Scholarship! This exceptionally practical and insightful new text explores the emerging field of comparative-integrative psychoanalysis. It provides an invaluable framework for approaching the currently fractious state of the psychoanalytic discipline, divided as it is into diverse schools of thought, presenting many conceptual challenges. Moving beyond the usual borders of psychoanalysis, Willock usefully draws on insights from neighboring disciplines to shed additional light on the core issue. Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis is divided into two sections for organizational clarity. Part I is an intriguing investigation into the nature of thought and its intrinsic problems. It convincingly builds a case for the need, after a century of disciplinary development, to move beyond delineated schools, and proposes a method for achieving this goal. The succeeding section elaborates this desideratum in detail, exploring its implications with respect to theory, organizations, practice, and pedagogy. This second portion of the volume is most applicable to everyday concerns with improving work in the field, be it in the consulting room, classroom, or in and between various psychoanalytic organizations.
Comparing Behavior: Studying Man Studying Animals
by D. W. RajeckiFirst published in 1983. The aim of this book was to get a sense of how scientists viewed their own comparative domain. Using references from a variety of fields including anthropology, ethology, genetics, philosophy, psychology, and zoology. It includes a diversity of approaches for discussion on how to compare behavior.
Comparing Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies: Developmental Self & Object Relations Self Psychology Short Term Dynamic
by James F. Masterson Marian Tolpin Peter E. SifneosBased on two workshops held February 1990 in New York and March 1990 in San Francisco. Following the presentation and discussion of three clinical case histories, psychotherapists James F. Masterson, Marian Tolpin, and Peter E. Sifneos compare and contrast developmental, self, and object relations
Comparing Theories Of Child Development
by R. Murray ThomasExplaining the nature of theories in the field of child development (including why theories are useful and why there are multiple theories), Thomas' highly respected book covers the widest range of theories of any text currently available. Using the following criteria: "Has the theory been popular?," "Has the theory been influential?," and "Is the theory representative of a class or family of theories?," Thomas identifies the goals and describes the findings of more than two dozen theorists and inspects a series of child development issues that bridge a variety of theories. Additionally, Thomas suggests a variety of ways to compare theories and existing explanations of how a child develops.
Compasión
by Osho Osho«Compasión» es un término que se ha usado para describir una amplia gama de comportamientos y actitudes humanas, desde la misericordia hasta la piedad y la caridad. En este libro Osho examina la naturaleza de la compasión desde una perspectiva radicalmente distinta. Nos señala que la «pasión» se encuentra en la raíz de la palabra, y procede a examinar las hipótesis sobre el verdadero significado de aquel término. Muchos supuestos actos de compasión, dice él, están teñidos de un sutil sentimiento de autoimportancia o deseo de reconocimiento. Otros se sustentan no en el deseo de ayudar a los demás sino en el de obligarles a cambiar. Utilizando historias de la vida de Jesús, de Buda y del mundo del zen, Osho muestra cómo surge de nuestro interior el camino hacia la auténtica compasión, empezando por una profunda aceptación y amor por uno mismo. Solo entonces, dice Osho, puede florecer la compasión y convertirse en una fuerza sanadora, arraigadaen la aceptación incondicional del otro tal y como es.
Compassion Fatigue: Coping With Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder In Those Who Treat The Traumatized (Psychosocial Stress Series #Vol. 23)
by Charles R. FigleyFirst published in 1995. Traumatology, or the field of traumatic stress studies, has become a dominant focus of interest in the mental health fields only in the past decade. Yet the origin of the study of human reactions to traumatic events can be traced to the earliest medical writings in Kunus Pyprus, published in 1900 B.C. in Egypt. Many factors account for the recent emergence of this field, including a growing awareness of the long-term consequences of shocking events. Among these consequences are violence toward others, extraordinary depression, dysfunctional behavior, and a plethora of medical maladies associated with emotional stress. This is the latest in a series of books that have focused on the immediate and long-term consequences of highly stressful events. The purposes of the book, then, are (a) to introduce the concept of compassion fatigue as a natural and disruptive by-product of working with traumatized and troubled clients; (b) to provide a theoretical basis for the assessment and treatment of compassion stress and compassion fatigue: (c) to explain the difference between compassion fatigue and PTSD, burnout, and countertransference; (d) to identify innovative methods for treating compassion fatigue in therapists, and (e) to suggest methods for preventing compassion fatigue.
Compassion Focused Group Therapy for University Counseling Centers: A Clinician’s Guide
by Kara Cattani Derek Griner David M. Erekson Gary M. Burlingame Mark E. Beecher Cameron T. AlldredgeCompassion focused therapy (CFT) articulates an approach that faces suffering head-on to understand, alleviate, and prevent suffering in ourselves and in others. Compassion Focused Group Therapy for University Counseling Centers is a one-of-a-kind 12-session manual for conducting compassion focused group therapy on university campuses with students presenting a diverse set of complex mental health concerns. Beginning with suggested readings designed to enrich understanding of the principles covered, each module presents psychoeducation interventions, engaging intrapersonal and interpersonal exercises, and process-oriented instructions. Modules can be followed session-by-session or adapted according to the needs of the group. Eye-catching handouts are included at the end of the modules to help leaders provide visual representation of the themes discussed in each session. This manual is designed to be used by licensed clinicians and should be used in conjunction with the manual’s companion Compassion Focused Therapy Participant Workbook which provides clients with summaries of each session, handouts, and key exercises.
Compassion Focused Group Therapy for the Severely Mentally Ill: A Participant's Workbook
by Doug Benson Gary Burlingame Aileen Rands Amanda L. RapaczThis workbook should be used alongside A Clinician’s Guide to Compassion Focused Group Therapy for the Severely Mentally Ill to aid participants throughout their group journey in compassion focused therapy (CFT). CFT is a type of therapy aimed at understanding, alleviating, and preventing suffering in oneself and others.Divided into 12 modules, group members will move through the content with the support of their therapist. It is designed to be used during and between group sessions. Participants will be able to access and review key pieces of information. Additionally, participants will be able to engage with group material by completing handouts and applying CFT to their own life. Out of session practices can also be found inside, to further support patients in their growth.This is an ideal resource for patients in an inpatient setting, experiencing self-criticism and shame.
Compassion Focused Therapy For Dummies
by Mary WelfordDon't be so hard on yourself – use compassion focused therapy as your guide It's often said that we're our own worst critics—and it's true. Compassion Focused Therapy For Dummies offers straightforward and practical advice that helps you view yourself through a more sympathetic lens. This motivating text covers the key principles of compassion focused therapy, which guide you in caring for your wellbeing, becoming sensitive to your needs, recognising when you are distressed, and extending warmth and understanding to yourself. This transformative resource provides you with metrics that you can use to monitor your progress, including sensitivity, sympathy, empathy, and overall wellbeing. Initially developed to assist people experiencing high levels of shame and self-criticism, compassion focused therapy increases your awareness of the automatic reactions that you experience—and motivates you to combat negative reactions with kindness and affection. Used on its own or in combination with other therapeutic approaches, the value of compassion focused therapy is supported by strong neuropsychological evidence. Understand how to handle difficult emotions with greater ease—and less stress Transform difficult, potentially damaging relationships into positive aspects of your life Encourage and motivate yourself to continually meet your goals, rather than criticise yourself for perceived failures Stop being so hard on yourself, and appreciate yourself for who you are Compassion Focused Therapy For Dummies is a wonderful resource if you are seeing—or thinking about seeing—a therapist who utilises compassion techniques, or if you would like to leverage the principles of compassion focused therapy to manage your own wellbeing.
Compassion Focused Therapy Participant Workbook
by Rachel Arnold Kara Cattani Derek Griner David M. Erekson Gary M. Burlingame Mark E. Beecher Cameron T. AlldredgeCompassion Focused Therapy Participant Workbook is a companion book to Compassion Focused Group Therapy for University Counseling Centers, a one-of-a-kind 12-session manual for conducting compassion focused group therapy on college campuses. Compassion-based interventions have been shown to decrease symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in students. This book’s 12 sessions incorporate several aspects of compassionate living including defining and understanding compassion, mindfulness, shame, assertiveness, and forgiveness to help participants act in more compassionate ways with themselves and others, lower feelings of shame and self-criticism, and engage in self-reassuring behaviors. The workbook provides clients with summaries of each session, handouts, and key exercises and, along with the manual, can be followed session-by-session or adapted according to the needs of the group. This workbook is designed to be used by clinicians and participants in a clinician-led group utilizing Compassion Focused Group Therapy for University Counseling Centers.
Compassion Focused Therapy: Clinical Practice and Applications
by Paul GilbertCompassion Focused Therapy: Clinical Practice and Applications offers evidence-based guidance and extensive insight into the science behind compassion focused therapy. The first section of the book explores the evolution and physiological infrastructures of caring, and how compassion arises when humans use their complex cognitive competencies to address suffering deliberately and intentionally. With this framework and basis, the next sections of the book explore CFT applied to groups, specific interventions such as chair work, the importance of applying the principles of the therapy to oneself, the CFT therapeutic relationship, and a chapter offering a systematic review of the evidence for CFT. The third section offers a series of multi-authored chapters on interventions for a range of different mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, trauma, and many others. Being the first major clinical book on compassion focused therapy, with leading international researchers and clinicians addressing central problems, this landmark publication will appeal to psychotherapists from a variety of schools as well as being a vital resource for compassion focused therapists.
Compassion Focused Therapy: Distinctive Features (CBT Distinctive Features)
by Paul GilbertResearch into the beneficial effect of developing compassion has advanced enormously in the last ten years, with the development of inner compassion being an important therapeutic focus and goal. This book explains how Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) – a process of developing compassion for the self and others to increase well-being and aid recovery – varies from other forms of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Comprising 30 key points this book explores the founding principles of CFT and outlines the detailed aspects of compassion in the CFT approach. Divided into two parts – Theory and Compassion Practice – this concise book provides a clear guide to the distinctive characteristics of CFT. Compassion Focused Therapy will be a valuable source for students and professionals in training as well as practising therapists who want to learn more about the distinctive features of CFT.
Compassion and Empathy in Educational Contexts
by Susanne Garvis Georgina BartonThis book explores the importance of compassion and empathy within educational contexts. While compassion and empathy are widely recognised as key to living a happy and healthy life, there is little written about how these qualities can be taught to children and young people, or how teachers can model these traits in their own practice. This book shares several models of compassion and empathy that can be implemented in schooling contexts, also examining how these qualities are presented in children’s picture books, films and games. The editors and contributors share personal insights and practical approaches to improve both awareness and use of compassionate and empathetic approaches to others. This book will be of interest and value to all those interested in promoting compassion and empathy within education.
Compassion for Couples: Building the Skills of Loving Connection
by Michelle BeckerHow resilient is your relationship? Do you and your partner go into "reactivity mode" when a conflict arises? Do you wish you were closer and more connected? We all need healthy, secure relationships in order to thrive/m-/but they can be hard to build and maintain. Where do you start? According to marriage and family therapist Michelle Becker, the answer is with yourself. By learning to practice self-compassion, you are better able to respond to your partner with love and acceptance/m-/even when they inevitably cannot meet your every need. This caring and insightful guide shows you how to stop defaulting to feelings of annoyance, disappointment, or detachment. Instead, using techniques from Becker&’s renowned Compassion for Couples program (plus guided meditation practices with accompanying audio downloads) you will learn mindfulness, compassion, and other skills that bring you closer to your partner and enrich your lives together. For happy couples looking to strengthen their relationship, or those facing obstacles, Becker leads the way to greater trust, mutual understanding, and a renewed sense of warmth.
Compassion-Based Approaches in Loss and Grief (Series in Death, Dying, and Bereavement)
by Darcy L. Harris and Andy H. Y. HoCompassion-Based Approaches in Loss and Grief introduces clinicians to a wide array of strategies and frameworks for engaging clients throughout the loss experience, particularly when those experiences have a protracted course. In the book, clinicians and researchers from around the world and from a variety of fields explore ways to cultivate compassion and how to implement compassion-based clinical practices specifically designed to address loss, grief, and bereavement. Students, scholars, and mental health and healthcare professionals will come away from this important book with a deepened understanding of compassion-based approaches and strategies for enhancing distress tolerance, maintaining focus, and identifying the clinical interventions best suited to clients’ needs.