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The Philosopher Responds: An Intellectual Correspondence from the Tenth Century (Library of Arabic Literature)
by Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī Abū ʿAlī MiskawayhQuestions and answers from two great philosophersWhy is laughter contagious? Why do mountains exist? Why do we long for the past, even if it is scarred by suffering? Spanning a vast array of subjects that range from the philosophical to the theological, from the philological to the scientific, The Philosopher Responds is the record of a set of questions put by the litterateur Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī to the philosopher and historian Abū ʿAlī Miskawayh. Both figures were foremost contributors to the remarkable flowering of cultural and intellectual life that took place in the Islamic world during the reign of the Buyid dynasty in the fourth/tenth century.The correspondence between al-Tawḥīdī and Miskawayh holds a mirror to many of the debates of the time and reflects the spirit of rationalistic inquiry that animated their era. It also provides insight into the intellectual outlooks of two thinkers who were divided as much by their distinctive temperaments as by the very different trajectories of their professional careers. Alternately whimsical and tragic, trivial and profound, al-Tawḥīdī’s questions provoke an interaction as interesting in its spiritedness as in its content.An English-only edition.
The Philosopher's Stone
by Joseph P. FarrellProlific author Joseph P. Farrell, who commands a growing and devoted audience on Coast to Coast AM, Erskine Overnight, and other programs, initiates his Feral House association with The Philosopher's Stone, in which he demonstrates the connections of modern physics and ancient alchemy by investigating monatomic gold, the work of Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Kozyrev, and the fuel for the mysterious Nazi "Bell" device, Serum 525.Farrell's previous books investigated the scientific and astronomical implications of ancient monuments and the secret space operations of the Nazis who were brought into NASA to continue their highly classified research as a result of "Operation Paperclip." The author is now working with best-selling authors Richard C. Hoagland and Mike Bara on a book about secret American space programs.Chapters within The Philosopher's Stone include:The alchemical view of the physical mediumTransmutations and timeDavid Hudson's Monatomic GoldThe Platinum Group Metals and High Spin State AtomsAn Alchemical Examination of the Soviet Red Mercury LegendThe Physics of Rotation: Dr. Nikolai KozyrevH-Bombs and Torsion PhysicsThe Greater German Alchemical ReichNazis, Lasers, and Isotope EnrichmentThe Bell and Serum 525
The Philosopher's Stone: Spiritual Alchemy, Psychology, and Ritual Magic
by Israel RegardieA new edition of Regardie's classic textIn the mid-1930s, Israel Regardie had an insight into understanding alchemical writings. The result was The Philosopher's Stone, where he analyzed three 17th-century alchemical works symbolically, psychologically, and via magickal energy.Now, famed occultists Chic and Tabatha Cicero bring this book into the 21st century. The original is completely reproduced here. The Hebrew transliterations have been updated with modern styles and the text is fully annotated and explained. Added are these new features:New introductionNew illustrationsBiographical dictionaryGlossaryResource listBibliographyIndexPlus, six new original articles "The Spiritual Alchemy of the Golden Dawn," by Chic Cicero"Intro to Alchemy: A Golden Dawn Perspective," by Mark Stavish"Basic Alchemy for the Golden Dawn" and "Golden Dawn Ritual Method and Alchemy," by Samuel Scarborough"The Elixir of the Sun," by Steven Marshall"Solve Et Coagula: The Wedding of Sol and Luna," by the Ciceros
The Philosopher, the Priest, and the Painter: A Portrait of Descartes
by Steven NadlerHow a famous painting opens a window into the life, times, and philosophy of René DescartesIn the Louvre museum hangs a portrait that is considered the iconic image of René Descartes, the great seventeenth-century French philosopher. And the painter of the work? The Dutch master Frans Hals—or so it was long believed, until the work was downgraded to a copy of an original. But where is the authentic version, and who painted it? Is the man in the painting—and in its original—really Descartes?A unique combination of philosophy, biography, and art history, The Philosopher, the Priest, and the Painter investigates the remarkable individuals and circumstances behind a small portrait. Through this image—and the intersecting lives of a brilliant philosopher, a Catholic priest, and a gifted painter—Steven Nadler opens a fascinating portal into Descartes's life and times, skillfully presenting an accessible introduction to Descartes's philosophical and scientific ideas, and an illuminating tour of the volatile political and religious environment of the Dutch Golden Age. As Nadler shows, Descartes's innovative ideas about the world, about human nature and knowledge, and about philosophy itself, stirred great controversy. Philosophical and theological critics vigorously opposed his views, and civil and ecclesiastic authorities condemned his writings. Nevertheless, Descartes's thought came to dominate the philosophical world of the period, and can rightly be called the philosophy of the seventeenth century.Shedding light on a well-known image, The Philosopher, the Priest, and the Painter offers an engaging exploration of a celebrated philosopher's world and work.
The Philosophers' Gift: Reexamining Reciprocity
by Marcel HénaffWinner, French Voices Award for excellence in publication and translation.When it comes to giving, philosophers love to be the most generous. For them, every form of reciprocity is tainted by commercial exchange. In recent decades, such thinkers as Derrida, Levinas, Henry, Marion, Ricoeur, Lefort, and Descombes, have made the gift central to their work, haunted by the requirement of disinterestedness.As an anthropologist as well as a philosopher, Hénaff worries that philosophy has failed to distinguish among various types of giving. The Philosophers’ Gift returns to Mauss to reexamine these thinkers through the anthropological tradition. Reciprocity, rather than disinterestedness, he shows, is central to ceremonial giving and alliance, whereby the social bond specific to humans is proclaimed as a political bond. From the social fact of gift practices, Hénaff develops an original and profound theory of symbolism, the social, and the relationship between self and other, whether that other is an individual human being, the collective other of community and institution, or the impersonal other of the world.
The Philosophical Bases of Theism (Routledge Library Editions: Philosophy of Religion)
by George Dawes HicksExcellently organised and written, this is a thorough examination of how philosophy interacts with religion. The chapters were originally presented as the Hibbert Lectures in 1931 at University College London and the University of Manchester. The texts are expanded and elaborated to present a cohesive text, first published in 1937. Exploring free rational thinking, the book encourages reflection on the principals on which religion rests and addresses themes such as knowledge and experience, evolution, positivism, mystical experience, divine immanence, beauty and morality.
The Philosophical Foundations of Christian Science: Mary Baker Eddy and her Radical Metaphysics
by Nicholas SheldonMary Baker Eddy (1821-1910) is best known for founding the religion of Christian Science - an international institution which has extended beyond her lifetime and into the twenty-first century. Often labelled as fringe theology, rather than core philosophy, Eddy's work has remained on the peripheries of academia. Her unmitigated idealism, and occasionally nebulous style, have led to a reluctance to apply a philosophical rigour to her thinking. In The Philosophical Foundations of Christian Science, Nicholas Sheldon rediscovers her as a radical philosopher, one of many female philosophers of her time who, he contends, should no longer be underestimated. Carefully analysing her non-linear style in order to understand her internal system of thought, Sheldon resolves flaws within her argument, and draws out Christian Science's remarkable philosophical assertion: that it is not only illness and suffering which are unreal, but the entire physical realm. For Eddy, it is only the spiritual which remains.
The Philosophical Pathos of Susan Taubes: Between Nihilism and Hope (Stanford Studies in Jewish Mysticism)
by Elliot R. WolfsonThe Philosophical Pathos of Susan Taubes offers a detailed analysis of an extraordinary figure in the twentieth-century history of Jewish thought, Western philosophy, and the study of religion. Drawing on close readings of Susan Taubes's writings, including her correspondence with Jacob Taubes, scholarly essays, literary compositions, and poems, Elliot R. Wolfson plumbs the depths of the tragic sensibility that shaped her worldview, hovering between the poles of nihilism and hope. By placing Susan Taubes in dialogue with a host of other seminal thinkers, Wolfson illumines how she presciently explored the hypernomian status of Jewish ritual and belief after the Holocaust; the theopolitical challenges of Zionism and the dangers of ethnonationalism; the antitheological theology and gnostic repercussions of Heideggerian thought; the mystical atheism and apophaticism of tragedy in Simone Weil; and the understanding of poetry as the means to face the faceless and to confront the silence of death in the temporal overcoming of time through time. Wolfson delves into the abyss that molded Susan Taubes's mytheological thinking, making a powerful case for the continued relevance of her work to the study of philosophy and religion today.
The Philosophical Poetics of Alfarabi, Avicenna and Averroes: The Aristotelian Reception (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East)
by Salim KemalThis book examines the studies of Aristotle's Poetics and its related texts in which three Medieval philosophers - Alfarabi, Avicenna and Averroes - proposed a conception of poetic validity (beauty), and a just relation between subjects in a community (goodness). The work considers the relation of the Poetics to other Aristotelian texts, the transmission of these works to the commentators' context, and the motivations driving the commentators' reception of the texts. The book focuses on issues central to the classical relation of beauty to truth and goodness.
The Philosophical Theology of Jonathan Edwards: Expanded Edition
by Sang Hyun LeeThis book demonstrates the originality and coherence of Jonathan Edwards' philosophical theology using his dynamic reconception of reality as the interpretive key. The author argues that what underlies Edwards' writings is a radical shift from the traditional Western metaphysics of substance and form to a new conception of the world as a network of dispositions: active and abiding principles that possess reality apart from their manifestations in actions and events. Edwards' dispositional ontology enables him to restate the Augustinian-Calvinist tradition in theology in a strikingly modern philosophical framework. A prime example of Edwards' innovative reconstruction in philosophical theology is his conception of God as both eternal actuality and a disposition to repeat that actuality within God and also through creation. This view is a compelling alternative to the traditional Western doctrine of God as changeless actuality, on the one hand, and the recent process theologians' excessive stress on God's involvement in change, on the other. Edwards' achievement was that he saw dynamic movement as essential to God's own life without compromising the traditional Christian tenets of God's prior actuality and transcendence. The author of this volume also explicates the way in which Edwards' dynamic reconception of reality informs his theories of imagination, aesthetic perception, the knowledge of God, and the meaning of history. This expanded edition includes a new preface and a new appendix titled "Jonathan Edwards on Nature."
The Philosophical Traditions of India (Routledge Library Editions: Buddhism)
by P T RajuThis volume conveys that Indian philosophy has intricate and complex metaphysical and epistemological theories as other philosophies and that these disciplines – epistemology and metaphysics – are an essential part of Indian philosophy.
The Philosophical and Theological Relevance of Evolutionary Anthropology: Engagements with Michael Tomasello (Routledge Science and Religion Series)
by Martin Breul Caroline HelmusThis book explores the philosophical and theological significance of evolutionary anthropology and includes diverse approaches to the relationship between evolution, culture, and religion. Particular emphasis is placed on the work of Michael Tomasello, who contributes an opening chapter that tackles the role of religion in his natural history of human thinking and human morality. The first section of the book considers the philosophical foundations of evolutionary anthropology and shows that evolutionary anthropology is open to a multitude of philosophical analyses. The second part offers theological perspectives on the relationship between evolutionary and theological anthropology and between evolution and religion. The volume also reflects more broadly on the complex relationship between religion and science in the contexts of late-modern societies. It makes a significant contribution to the religion and science debate and offers performative evidence that an interdisciplinary discussion between theologians, philosophers, and natural scientists is feasible.
The Philosophy Of Religious Language: Sign, Symbol And Story
by Dan R. StiverThis text provides a lively introduction to the developments in philosophy of language in this century, and to the way these have impinged upon religious language. Included is the relevance of analytical philosophy of language, but the text also covers important historical debates about religious language that have had increasing impact upon biblical studies and theology.
The Philosophy of Courage or The Oxford Group Way (Routledge Revivals)
by Philip LeonFirst Published in 1939 The Philosophy of Courage talks about Philip Leon’s personal experience of God in the language of philosophy. It is a book on philosophy but also a book based on personal experience. Leon was the first philosopher to attempt to talk about some of the most important principles of the Oxford Group, and hence the first philosopher to attempt to discuss some of the most important ideas underlying the twelve-step program. He discusses themes like true religion; undeniable facts; demonstration by experiment; spreading the world revolution; sin of depersonalisation; sex and marriage; and philosophy and art. This is an interesting read for scholars of religion, philosophy and theology.
The Philosophy of Dark Paganism: Wisdom & Magick to Cultivate the Self
by Frater TenebrisDiscover a New, Life-Changing Spiritual ParadigmLook inward. Explore the shadows. Honor your Divine Self and elevate it to a higher state of being. Frater Tenebris introduces you to Dark Paganism, a deeply personal and individualized philosophy that focuses on transformation and shadow work. He guides you through the nine Dark Pagan principles, which help you develop a version of yourself flourishing in all that you do. Ranging from self-knowledge and acceptance to magick and environmental mastery, the Dark Pagan principles show how to build confidence, trust yourself, and create a meaningful life. You'll also delve into Dark Pagan ethics and how to improve your relationships and community by knowing yourself better. Featuring detailed research and self-reflection questions for each chapter, this book supports your journey of personal evolution.Includes a foreword by John J. Coughlin, author of Out of the Shadows
The Philosophy of Desire in the Buddhist Pali Canon (Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism)
by David WebsterDavid Webster explores the notion of desire as found in the Buddhist Pali Canon. Beginning by addressing the idea of a 'paradox of desire', whereby we must desire to end desire, the varieties of desire that are articulated in the Pali texts are examined. A range of views of desire, as found in Western thought, are presented as well as Hindu and Jain approaches. An exploration of the concept of ditthi(view or opinion) is also provided, exploring the way in which 'holding views' can be seen as analogous to the process of desiring. Other subjects investigated include the mind-body relationship, the range of Pali terms for desire, and desire's positive spiritual value. A comparative exploration of the various approaches completes the work.
The Philosophy of Ecstasy: Rumi and the Sufi Tradition
Jalal al-Din Rumi (1207-73), founder of the Mevlevi Sufi order of &“Whirling Dervishes,&” is the best-selling poet in America today. The wide-ranging appeal of his work is such that UNESCO declared 2007 to be &“International Rumi Year.&” However, his writings represent much more than love poetry. Rumi was one of the preeminent thinkers of Sufism, the esoteric form of Islam. In this groundbreaking collection of 13 essays on Rumi, many of the world&’s leading authorities in the field of Islamic Studies and Persian Literature discuss the major religious themes in his poetry and teachings. In addition to discussing the ideas of love, ecstasy, and music in Rumi&’s Sufi poetry, the essays offer new historical and theological perspectives on his work. The immortality of the soul, freewill, the nature of punishment and reward, and the relationship of Islam to Christianity are all covered, in order to bring Rumi&’s poetry properly into the context of the Sufi tradition to which he belonged. Please note: This ebook contains foreign characters that may not be visible on all eBook devices.
The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl
by Dorion Cairns Lester EmbreeThe present volume containing the dissertation of Dorion Cairns is the first part of a comprehensive edition of the philosophical papers of one of the foremost disseminators and interpreters of Husserlian phenomenology in North-America. Based on his intimate knowledge of Husserl's published writings and unpublished manuscripts and on the many conversations and discussions he had with Husserl and Fink during his stay in Freiburg i. Br. in 1931-1932 Cairns's dissertation is a comprehensive exposition of the methodological foundations and the concrete phenomenological analyses of Husserl's transcendental phenomenology.The lucidity and precision of Cairns's presentation is remarkable and demonstrates the secure grasp he had of Husserl's philosophical intentions and phenomenological distinctions. Starting from the phenomenological reduction and Husserl's Idea of Philosophy, Cairns proceeds with a detailed analysis of intentionality and the intentional structures of consciousness. In its scope and in the depth and nuance of its understanding, Cairns's dissertation belongs beside the writings on Husserl by Levinas and Fink from the same period.
The Philosophy of Emil Fackenheim: From Revelation to the Holocaust
by Kenneth Hart GreenFackenheim was one of the philosophically serious, knowledgeable, and provocative contemporary Jewish thinkers. His original focus as a philosophical theologian was mainly on revelation, but in his later work he concerned himself primarily with the wide-ranging implications of the Holocaust. In this book, Kenneth Green examines Fackenheim's intellectual trajectory and traces how and why he focused so intently on the Holocaust. He explores the deeper thought that Fackenheim developed about the Holocaust, which he construed as a cataclysmic event that ruptured history and one that also brought about a change in the very structure of being. As Green demonstrates, the Holocaust, according to Fackenheim's interpretation, changes how we view all things, from God to man to history. It also radically affects Judaism, Christianity, and philosophy, the major traditions that have shaped the Western world.
The Philosophy of Fire
by R. Swimburne ClymerA classic Rosicrucian text from an acknowledged master of the mysteries.Rev. Reuben Swinburne Clymer was an osteopath, occultist, and Rosicrucian notable for his leadership in the American order Fraternitas Rosae Crucis in the early 20th century.
The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture
by Yoram HazonyWhat if the Hebrew Bible wasn't meant to be read as 'revelation'? What if it's not really about miracles or the afterlife – but about how to lead our lives in this world? The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture proposes a new framework for reading the Bible. It shows how biblical authors used narrative and prophetic oratory to advance universal arguments about ethics, political philosophy and metaphysics. It offers bold new studies of biblical narratives and prophetic poetry, transforming forever our understanding of what the stories of Abel, Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Moses and David and the speeches of Isaiah and Jeremiah, were meant to teach. The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture assumes no belief in God or other religious commitment. It assumes no previous background in Bible. It is free of disciplinary jargon. Open the door to a book you never knew existed. You'll never read the Bible the same way again.
The Philosophy of Ibn 'Arabi
by Rom LandauOriginally published 1959. Ibn ‘Arabi is one of the most significant thinkers of Islam. Yet he is far less widely known in the Western world than Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushd or even Al Farabi. This volume provides original interpretations and illustrations to some of Ibn ‘Arabi’s ideas, as well as including a number of his texts in English.
The Philosophy of Joseph B. Soloveitchik (Routledge Jewish Studies Series)
by Mark Zelcer Heshey ZelcerProviding a concise but comprehensive overview of Joseph B. Soloveitchik’s larger philosophical program, this book studies one of the most important modern Orthodox Jewish thinkers. It incorporates much relevant biographical, philosophical, religious, legal, and historical background so that the content and difficult philosophical concepts are easily accessible. The volume describes his view of Jewish law (Halakhah) and how he takes the view to answer the fundamental question of Jewish philosophy, the question of the "reasons" for the commandments. It shows how numerous of his disparate books, essays, and lectures on law, specific commandments, and Jewish religious phenomenology, can be woven together to form an elegant philosophical program. It also provides an analysis and summary of Soloveitchik’s views on Zionism and on interreligious dialogue and the contexts for Soloveitchik’s respective stances on two issues that were pressing in his role as a leader of a major branch of post-war Orthodox Judaism. The book provides a synoptic overview of the philosophical works of Joseph B. Soloveitchik. It will be of interest to historians and scholars studying neo-Kantian philosophy, Jewish thought and philosophy of religion.
The Philosophy of Nonviolence
by Osho Osho International FoundationWhile nonviolence is a philosophy to Mahatma Gandhi; it is not a philosophy to Osho, but an experience. Osho talks about his understanding of reverence for life, he does not use the word non-violence.
The Philosophy of Qi: The Record of Great Doubts (Translations from the Asian Classics)
by Kaibara EkkenThe Record of Great Doubts emphasizes the role of qi in achieving a life of engagement with other humans, with the larger society, and with nature as a whole. Rather than encourage transcendental escapism or quietism, Ekken articulates a philosophy of material force as a basis of living a life of commitment to the world. In this spirit, moral cultivation is not an isolated or a self-centered preoccupation, but an activity that occurs within the dynamic forces of nature and amid the rigorous demands of society. In this context, a vitalism of qi is an emergent force, not only providing the philosophical grounding for this vibrant interaction but also giving a basis for an investigation of the natural world that plumbs the principle within things. Ekken thus aimed to articulate a creative and dynamic milieu for moral education, political harmony, social coherence, and agricultural sustainability. The Record of Great Doubts embodies Ekken's profound commitment to Confucian ideas and practices as a method for establishing an integrative ethical vision, one he hoped would guide Japan through a new period of peace and stability. A major philosophical treatise in the Japanese Neo-Confucian tradition, The Record of Great Doubts illuminates a crucial chapter in East Asian intellectual history.