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Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body

Plants produce chemicals as part of their normal metabolic activities. These include primary metabolites found in all plants, such as sugars and fats, as well as secondary metabolites, which can have therapeutic effects in humans and be refined to produce drugs. Plants synthesize a bewildering variety of phytochemicals, but most are derivatives of a few biochemical motifs. Numerous herbal-derived substances have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These include alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, plant pigments and flavonoids. Flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins are probably the best known of these substances due to their antioxidant properties. Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body presents comprehensive coverage of carotenoids. The text covers the scientific literature and clinical significance of this organic pigment, with an emphasis on its therapeutic potential. The authors approach carotenoids from a range of perspectives, from their structural and physicochemical properties to their distribution in nature, interaction with the human metabolism, and use as a coloring agent in various products. The intake, metabolism and secretion of anthocyanins in the human body are covered in-depth, as are the biosynthetic pathways through which these compounds are synthesized in the natural system. Factors affecting stability and extraction are listed, and health-related uses and biological activities are covered in great detail. Present and future trends in carotenoid research are also presented. This book provides a solid background in carotenoids for researchers and professionals in food science, food technology, nutrition, biology, chemistry and medical sciences.

Carotenoids: Trends and Advances

Carotenoids are one of the most important groups of bioactive compounds in nature. They have been used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to their wide range of chemical and biological properties. Currently, industrial use of carotenoids comes from chemical synthesis, but greener and biotechnological engineering approaches for carotenoid production are coming into focus. The public has also become aware of the therapeutic and health benefits of carotenoids, making them an increasingly popular with consumers. Carotenoids: Trends and Advances focuses on recent advances in biosynthesis of carotenoids in foods, plants, microorganisms and insects as well as health benefits and therapeutic uses. Advanced production techniques and technologies are focused on, including biotechnological engineering approaches and agricultural methods. Recent approaches for the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids are covered infull. The preservation of the bioactivity of carotenoids through encapsulation and biofortification is a major focus, with extensive coverage of green processes. The text provides a comprehensive update for researchers across a wide range of relevant industries interested in the most current advances in carotenoids.

Carraher's Polymer Chemistry

Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, Tenth Edition integrates the core areas of polymer science. Along with updating of each chapter, newly added content reflects the growing applications in Biochemistry, Biomaterials, and Sustainable Industries. Providing a user-friendly approach to the world of polymeric materials, the book allows students to integrate their chemical knowledge and establish a connection between fundamental and applied chemical information. It contains all of the elements of an introductory text with synthesis, property, application, and characterization. Special sections in each chapter contain definitions, learning objectives, questions, case studies and additional reading.

Carrier Down

Carrion Ecology and Management (Wildlife Research Monographs #2)

Carrion, or dead animal matter, is an inherent component of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, and is exploited by a wide diversity of organisms from different trophic levels, including microbes, arthropods and vertebrates. Further, carrion consumption by scavengers, i.e. scavenging, supports key ecosystem functions and services such as recycling nutrients and energy, disposing of carcasses and regulating disease spread. Yet, unlike dead plant matter, dead animal decomposition has received little attention in the fields of ecology, wildlife conservation and environmental management, and as a result the management of carrion for maintaining biodiversity and functional ecosystems has been limited. This book addresses the main ecological patterns and processes relating to the generation and consumption of carrion both in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It also discusses a number of conservation concerns and associated management issues, particularly regarding the increasing role of human-mediated carrion in ecosystems. Lastly, the book outlines future research lines in carrion ecology and management, and identifies the major challenges for scavengers and scavenging processes in the Anthropocene.

Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications

Shortlisted for the 2018 TWS Wildlife Publication Awards in the edited book categoryDecomposition and recycling of vertebrate remains have been understudied, hampered largely due to these processes being aesthetically challenging (e.g., smell and sight). Technological innovations have provided the means to explore new and historically understo

Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications

The first edition of Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications brought together multiple scientific disciplines to shed light on the importance of carrion within the context of ecology and evolutionary biology, and through applications ranging from human mass disasters to habitat/ecosystem conservation. This second edition builds upon this foundation to include a huge amount of new research, consisting of 33 chapters—9 brand new and the remaining 24 substantially updated and expanded. One of the most significant changes for this edition is the coverage of aquatic ecosystems, both freshwater and marine.The book is now represented by 73 authors from eight countries, incorporating more diverse perspectives and engagement into this multidisciplinary and expanding science. The resulting new edition showcases a broader scope of topics, geographic areas, ecosystems and history of carrion ecology, evolution, and their applications for humanity. It provides the most comprehensive resource on carrion from all ecosystems of the world.The student, academic, and professional will find this book insightful, providing new insights for the fields of molecular ecology, microbiology, entomology, population biology, community and ecosystem ecology, as well as applications in forensics and human and environmental health.

Carrots and Related Apiaceae Crops (Crop Production Science in Horticulture)

Fully updated with new content and full-colour figures, the second edition of this successful book reflects developments and growth in our knowledge of carrots and related crops worldwide. It covers the scientific basis of their biology and production, with updated technical crop management content. This new edition is divided into three sections: the first considers the crops' importance and main features; the second focuses on carrot, from genetic diversity and breeding to cropping systems, pest and disease management, quality, postharvest and valorization; and the third presents the main aspects of 13 other cultivated Apiaceae. Containing a dedicated chapter on root-quality plus new chapters on organic production and consumer expectations, this book also: Highlights both unique and shared characteristics among cultivated Apiaceae species. Describes the links between scientific principles and cropping systems. Explores the relationship between crop management and product quality. An invaluable resource for all those involved in carrot and related vegetable production, this is essential reading for producers, and horticulture, plant science and food science students, as well as researchers in these areas.

Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done

Could you lose weight if you put $20,000 at risk? Would you finally set up your billing software if it meant that your favorite charity would earn a new contribution? If you've ever tried to meet a goal and came up short, the problem may not have been that the goal was too difficult or that you lacked the discipline to succeed. From giving up cigarettes to increasing your productivity at work, you may simply have neglected to give yourself the proper incentives. In Carrot and Sticks, Ian Ayres, the New York Times bestselling author of Super Crunchers, applies the lessons learned from behavioral economics--the fascinating new science of rewards and punishments--to introduce readers to the concept of "commitment contracts": an easy but high-powered strategy for setting and achieving goals already in use by successful companies and individuals across America. As co-founder of the website stickK.com (where people have entered into their own "commitment contracts" and collectively put more than $3 million on the line), Ayres has developed contracts--including the one he honored with himself to lose more than twenty pounds in one year--that have already helped many find the best way to help themselves at work or home. Now he reveals the strategies that can give you the impetus to meet your personal and professional goals, including how to * motivate your employees* create a monthly budget * set and meet deadlines * improve your diet* learn a foreign language* finish a report or project you've been putting off* clear your desk Ayres shares engaging, often astounding, real-life stories that show the carrot-and-stick principle in action, from the compulsive sneezer who needed a "stick" (the potential loss of $50 per week to a charity he didn't like) to those who need a carrot with their stick (the New York Times columnist who quit smoking by pledging a friend $5,000 per smoke . . . if she would do the same for him). You'll learn why you might want to hire a "professional nagger" whom you'll do anything to avoid--no, your spouse won't do!--and how you can "hand-tie" your future self to accomplish what you want done now. You'll find out how a New Zealand ad exec successfully "sold his smoking addiction," and why Zappos offered new employees $2,000 to quit cigarettes. As fascinating as it is practical, as much about human behavior as about how to change it, Carrots and Sticks is sure to be one of the most talked-about books of the year.From the Hardcover edition.

Carrying The Fire: An Astronaut's Journeys

NASA astronaut Michael Collins trained as an experimental test pilot before venturing into space as a vital member of the Gemini 10 and Apollo 11 missions. In Carrying the Fire, his account of his voyages into space and the years of training that led up to them, Collins reveals the human tensions, the physical realities, and the personal emotions surrounding the early years of the space race. Collins provides readers with an insider's view of the space program and conveys the excitement and wonder of his journey to the moon. As skilled at writing as he is at piloting a spacecraft, Collins explains the clash of personalities at NASA and technical aspects of flight with clear, engaging prose, withholding nothing in his candid assessments of fellow astronauts Neil Armstrong, John Glenn, and Buzz Aldrin, and officials within NASA. A fascinating memoir of mankind's greatest journey told in familiar, human terms, Carrying the Fire is by turns thrilling, humorous, and thought-provoking, a unique work by a remarkable man.

Cars On Mars: Roving The Red Planet

In CARS ON MARS readers can follow the course of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission as twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity explore the Red Planet. Learn how scientists determined that there was once water on Mars and how the Earthbound NASA team resolved problems with the rovers from afar in order to prolong the mission, which continues today. The author provides insight into scientists' quest to discover whether life may have or still might exist on Mars. Back matter includes glossary, source notes, and resources.

Cars and Carbon: Automobiles and European Climate Policy in a Global Context

This volume contains articles from leading analysts and researchers on sustainable transportation, who provide critical reflections on how automobile-related climate policies have evolved up to now in Europe and around the world, in view of the widely recognized need to substantially curb global emissions of greenhouse gases in the coming decades. Authors describe the policies which have been most effective, outline their economic and social implications, present success stories while critically reviewing less successful examples, and suggest strategies to decarbonize passenger transportation on a global scale.

Carsharing in Deutschland: Potenziale und Herausforderungen, Geschäftsmodelle und Elektromobilität (ATZ/MTZ-Fachbuch)

Sowohl die Elektromobilit#65533;t als auch Carsharing-Konzepte besitzen hohe Bedeutung im Rahmen nachhaltiger Mobilit#65533;tskonzepte und der Energiewende in Deutschland. Daher lohnt sich ein Blick auf die aktuelle Situation, die Potenziale und die Erfolgsfaktoren bez#65533;glich des Einsatzes von Elektrofahrzeugen in Carsharing-Angeboten. Wo steht das Carsharing-Prinzip heute und welche Voraussetzungen bietet es f#65533;r den Einsatz von Elektrofahrzeugen: Wie kann durch Carsharing und der Einsatz von Elektrofahrzeugen im Carsharing die Entwicklung neuer Mobilit#65533;tsformen vorangebracht werden, was sind die Betreiber- und Gesch#65533;ftsmodelle? Welche m#65533;glichen H#65533;rden m#65533;ssen dabei #65533;berwunden werden, wann ist Carsharing wirtschaftlich und was sind weitere zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren f#65533;r eCarsharing in Deutschland?

Cartas a un joven científico

Los sabios y apasionados consejos de E.O. Wilson a las nuevas generaciones de científicosQuerido amigo:Después de medio siglo de enseñar a estudiantes y a jóvenes profesionales de la ciencia, he tenido el privilegio y la suerte de haber aconsejado a muchos cientos de jóvenes de talento y ambiciosos. Como resultado, he acumulado un conocimiento profundo, una filosofía, en realidad, de lo que es necesario saber para tener éxito en el ámbito de la ciencia. Espero que puedas sacar provecho de los pensamientos y relatos que te ofreceré a lo largo de las cartas que siguen.Ante todo, y muy importante, te exhorto a permanecer en el camino que has escogido y a seguirlo tan lejos como te sea posible. El mundo te necesita, y mucho.Edmund O. Wilson«Inspirador... Debería estar en las estanterías de todos los institutos y bibliotecas.»Library Journal«Quiero expresar mi agradecimiento. Gracias por recordarme, a mí y a otros miles, por qué nos convertimos en científicos.»Bill Stevens, The New York Times Book ReviewEdward O. Wilson aconseja a los investigadores presentes y futuros, y comparte su sabiduría con las nuevas generaciones de científicos. Lo hace a través de anécdotas autobiográficas que han forjado su carrera como científico, sus éxitos y sus fracasos, animado por la motivación que lo ha llevado a convertirse en uno de los biólogos más importantes del mundo.En este momento de la historia de la humanidad en el que nuestra supervivencia está más vinculada que nunca a los conocimientos científicos, Wilson insiste en que el talento no reside en la inteligencia matemática, sino en la pasión por plantear un problema y saber resolverlo. Desde la colisión de las estrellas hasta la exploración de los bosques tropicales y las profundidades de los océanos, Wilson infunde en sus lectores el amor por la creatividad científica y elrespeto por el humilde lugar que ocupa el ser humano en el ecosistema del planeta. Un libro para científicos, jóvenes y no tan jóvenes, sobre la pasión y el placer por el descubrimiento.

Cartes a un jove científic

Els savis i apassionats consells d'E.O. Wilson a les noves generacions de científics. «Benvolgut amic:Al cap de mig segle d'ensenyar estudiants i joves professionals de l'àmbit de la ciència, he tingut el privilegi i la sort d'haver aconsellat centenars de joves ambiciosos i de gran talent. De resultes d'això, he adquirit un coneixement profund, una filosofia, en realitat, d'allò que cal saber per tenir èxit en el terreny de la ciència. Espero que treguis profit dels pensaments i els relats que t'ofereixo al llarg de les cartes que llegiràs tot seguit. En primer lloc, i molt important, t'exhorto a perseverar en el camí que has escollit i a seguir-lo fins tan lluny com et sigui possible anar. El món et necessita, i molt.»Edmund O. Wilson Opinió:«Inspirador... Hauria d'estar als prestatges de tots els instituts i biblioteques.»Library Journal

Cartilage

In three Volumes this mini book series presents current knowledge and new perspectives on cartilage as a specialized yet versatile tissue. This third volume provides insight into current and future treatment strategies for repair of cartilage lesions. This book addresses Professors, researchers and PhD students who are interested in musculoskeletal and cartilage pathobiology and tissue-engineering.

Cartilage Imaging: Significance, Techniques, and New Developments

This authoritative book provides state-of-the-art practices and new developments in the imaging of cartilage, associated pathologies, and repair procedures. With a main focus on MRI, major advances in cartilage imaging are put into clinical context relevant for radiologists, rheumatologists, and orthopedic surgeons. International experts provide their insights on cartilage pathologies associated with such conditions as osteoarthritis, osteochondral trauma, and cartilage repair. Morphological MRI techniques are outlined, including new sequences and high field imaging. Molecular imaging techniques able to characterize the biochemical composition of the cartilage matrix are discussed, such as T2 relaxation time, T1rho, and dGEMRIC methods. The first book of its kind, Cartilage Imaging: Significance, Techniques, and New Developments encompasses the full scope of knowledge in this rapidly evolving field. Identifying key techniques for characterizing disease processes as well as objectively and quantitatively evaluating the results of therapy, this outstanding resource is of benefit to all physicians interested in assessing cartilage disease and repair.

Cartilage Injury of the Knee: State-of-the-Art Treatment and Controversies

Cartilage injuries of the knee are common, and diagnosis and treatment options have continued to evolve. This book focuses on current non-operative and surgical treatment strategies for articular cartilage injuries, highlighting the controversies and different approaches from an international perspective. This book includes information on the basic science of cartilage structure and function, expert perspectives on imaging and diagnosing, as well as work-up of athletes and patients presenting with acute or chronic cartilage injury. It also provides an evidence base for current cutting-edge cartilage repair and restoration. Written by leading experts in the field, the book, published in collaboration with ISAKOS and ICRS, is vital reading for orthopaedic and sports medicine surgeons, fellows and residents. It is also of interest to sports trainers, physiotherapists, medical students, postgraduate students, and physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists.

Cartilage Regeneration (Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine)

This book focuses on cartilage defects and new mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for their repair and regeneration. Early chapters provide a review of current etiological findings and repair methods of cartilage defects. The next chapters discuss fundamental concepts and features of MSCs, including their proliferation, differentiation, migration and immunomodulatory effects. The discussion also includes clinical applications of MSCs in cartilage tissues, especially with regards to various animal models, biomaterials and transferring techniques. Cartilage Regeneration focuses on the biology of MSCs and their possible applications in cartilage reconstruction, with the goal of bringing new insights into regenerative medicine. It will be essential reading for researchers and clinicians in stem cells, regenerative medicine, biomedical engineering and orthopedic surgery.

Cartilage Tissue Engineering (Methods in Molecular Biology #2598)

This detailed book brings together a collection of methodologies, from the most basic to the more complex, that provides researchers with a platform they can use to embark on a cartilage research career. To aid in the search for novel therapies for cartilage regeneration, this volume addresses 3D cartilage models, challenges associated with RNA and protein extraction, imaging, gene transfer, as well as stable differentiation and variations in cell phenotype from different tissue origins. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Cartilage Tissue Engineering serves as an ideal guide for researchers working to advance the vital study of cartilage biology and repair.

Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1340)

This volume aims to describe clearly and in detail the key practical skills involved in cartilage tissue engineering. Methods are outlined for isolation and expansion of chondrocytes and stem cells; differentiation; synthesis and application of three-dimensional scaffolds; design and operation of bioreactors; in vivo testing of engineered constructs; and molecular and functional analysis of cartilage cells and tissues. Frequently used technologies are covered, as well as more recent advances in inspirational areas such as 'smart' biomaterial development, novel bioreactor design, -omics analysis, and genetic manipulation of matrix synthesis. The key procedures discussed either underpin the progress already achieved in cartilage tissue engineering or are indicative of the direction of future research in the area. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, readily reproducible step-by-step laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Methods and Protocols is a useful resource that informs the scientific community about the experimental work covering a broad range of objectives for cartilage synthesis and regeneration.

Cartilage: From Biology to Biofabrication

This book provides a comprehensive overview of cartilage structure, functions, and approaches for the regeneration of cartilage tissue. It reviews multiple signaling pathways that are involved in the growth and repair of cartilage tissue. The initial chapter of the book examines the etiology, diagnosis, and pathological features of various cartilage diseases. Subsequently, the book presents recent advances in biomaterial sciences, regenerative medicine, and fabrication technology for cartilage regeneration. It discusses hydrogels as a promising scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering, focusing on recapitulating microenvironments present during development or in adult tissue to induce the formation of cartilaginous constructs with biochemical and mechanical properties of native tissue. Lastly, it covers the applications of 3 D printing techniques for the fabrication of scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration for the production of biological implants capable of treating a range of conditions.

Cartographic Japan: A History in Maps

Miles of shelf space in contemporary Japanese bookstores and libraries are devoted to travel guides, walking maps, and topical atlases. Young Japanese children are taught how to properly map their classrooms and schoolgrounds. Elderly retirees pore over old castle plans and village cadasters. Pioneering surveyors are featured in popular television shows, and avid collectors covet exquisite scrolls depicting sea and land routes. Today, Japanese people are zealous producers and consumers of cartography, and maps are an integral part of daily life. But this was not always the case: a thousand years ago, maps were solely a privilege of the ruling elite in Japan. Only in the past four hundred years has Japanese cartography truly taken off, and between the dawn of Japan's cartographic explosion and today, the nation's society and landscape have undergone major transformations. At every point, maps have documented those monumental changes. Cartographic Japan offers a rich introduction to the resulting treasure trove, with close analysis of one hundred maps from the late 1500s to the present day, each one treated as a distinctive window onto Japan's tumultuous history. Forty-seven distinguished contributors--hailing from Japan, North America, Europe, and Australia--uncover the meanings behind a key selection of these maps, situating them in historical context and explaining how they were made, read, and used at the time. With more than one hundred gorgeous full-color illustrations, Cartographic Japan offers an enlightening tour of Japan's magnificent cartographic archive.

Cartography of the Sun and the Stars (Lecture Notes in Physics #914)

The mapping of the surface of stars requires diverse skills, analysis techniques and advanced modeling, i. e. the collaboration of scientists in various specialties. This volume gives insights into new techniques allowing for the first time to obtain resolved images of stars. It takes stock of what has been achieved so far in Chile, on the ESO VLTI instrument or, in the States, on the CHARA instrument. In recent times interferometry, combined with adaptive optics has allowed to reconstruct images of stars. Besides the Sun (of course) by now five stars have been resolved in detail. In addition to interferometry, this book highlights techniques used for mapping the surfaces of stars using photometry made by space observatories; Zeeman- and Doppler Imaging; mapping the surface element abundances via spectroscopy. This book will also take stock of the best images of the solar surface, made by connecting the differential rotation to the underlying physical parameters derived from helioseismology. Recent measurements of flattening of the solar surface by SDO showed that the Sun's shape is linked to the rotation of the core. It is shown how such a result is generalizable to the stars.

Cartridges and Firearm Identification

At a time when crime scene television shows are all the rage amongst the civilian population, knowledge of firearm forensics is of paramount importance to crime scene analysts, police detectives, and attorneys for both the prosecution and the defense. Cartridges and Firearm Identification brings together a unique, multidisciplined approach to quest