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Caves and Karst of Küre Mountains National Park, Turkey (Cave and Karst Systems of the World)
by Ali Yamaç Ezgi TokThis book is a first in its own way. As a result of more than two years of cooperation with the General Directorate of National Parks, a cave inventory of a national park has been prepared for the first time in Turkey. The amazing canyons, caves, sinkholes, and waterfalls give the Küre Mountains National Park the reputation it deserves today and the unique vegetation and wildlife that complement them. This national park, located in northwestern Turkey, covers an area of 370 sq km. In addition, an area of about 800 sq km around this national park has been recognized as a buffer zone. With 125 caves discovered and surveyed so far, Küre Mountains National Park is one of the national parks with the greatest number of caves and has a worldwide significance simply because of this feature. This book provides a complete inventory of these caves.
Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia (Cave and Karst Systems of the World)
by William B. WhiteThe focus of this book is on the more than 2000 caves of the Greenbrier Valley of West Virginia of which the 14 with lengths greater than 10 km have an aggregate length of 639 km. The major caves form the core part of sub-basins which drain to big springs and ultimately to the Greenbrier River. Individual chapters of this book describe each of the major caves and its associated drainage basin. The caves are formed in the Mississippian Greenbrier Limestone in a setting of undulating gentle folds. Fractures, lineaments and confining layers within the limestone are the main controlling factors. The caves underlie an extensive sinkhole plain which may relate to a major erosion surface. The caves are habitat for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms which are cataloged and described as are the paleontological remains found in some of the caves. The sinkhole plain of the Greenbrier karst and the underlying complex of cave systems are the end result of at least a ten million year history of landscape evolution which can be traced through the evolving sequence of cave passages and which is described in this book.
Caves: Nature in Action
by Stephen KramerLearn more about how caves are made and what goes on within them.
Cavitation Instabilities and Rotordynamic Effects in Turbopumps and Hydroturbines: Turbopump and Inducer Cavitation, Experiments and Design (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #575)
by Luca D’agostino Maria Vittoria SalvettiThe book provides a detailed approach to the physics, fluid dynamics, modeling, experimentation and numerical simulation of cavitation phenomena, with special emphasis on cavitation-induced instabilities and their implications on the design and operation of high performance turbopumps and hydraulic turbines. The first part covers the fundamentals (nucleation, dynamics, thermodynamic effects, erosion) and forms of cavitation (attached cavitation, cloud cavitation, supercavitation, vortex cavitation) relevant to hydraulic turbomachinery, illustrates modern experimental techniques for the characterization, visualization and analysis of cavitating flows, and introduces the main aspects of the hydrodynamic design and performance of axial inducers, centrifugal turbopumps and hydo-turbines. The second part focuses on the theoretical modeling, experimental analysis, and practical control of cavitation-induced fluid-dynamic and rotordynamic instabilities of hydraulic turbomachinery, with special emphasis on cavitating turbopumps (cavitation surge, rotating cavitation, higher order cavitation surge, rotordynamic whirl forces). Finally, the third part of the book illustrates the alternative approaches for the simulation of cavitating flows, with emphasis on both modeling and numerical aspects. Examples of applications to the simulation of unsteady cavitation in internal flows through hydraulic machinery are illustrated in detail.
Cavitation and Associated Phenomena
by Denis N. Gerasimov Eugeny I. Yurin Dmitry A. BiryukovCavitation is a dangerous process which destroys objects in a fluid. Scientific description of this multifaceted phenomenon is based on almost every area of physics, and many interesting effects are connected with cavitation. The most intriguing of them is sonoluminescence – the light emitted from a cavitating fluid. This book presents a full-scale description of cavitation: from the basic thermodynamic principles to special phenomena associated with this complex process, from the dynamics of a single gas cavity to the catastrophic macroscopic manifestations, from the domestic observations to the nuances of X-ray spectroscopic research.
Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics
by Christopher Earls BrennenThis book provides a coherent and unified treatment of the fundamental physical processes involved in bubble dynamics and the phenomenon of cavitation. Of interest to a wide range of mechanical engineers, the study of cavitation and bubbly flows is applicable to topics ranging from valve damage in hydroelectric equipment, ship propellers, and internal combustion engines to the performance of turbines and pumps of all sizes. Well-written and up-to-date, the book will prove indispensable to engineers and students needing a reference detailing the problems of cavitation and bubbly flow.
Cavitation in Biomedicine: Principles and Techniques
by Yi Feng Mingxi Wan Gail Ter HaarThis book offers a systematic introduction to the engineering principles and techniques of cavitation in biomedicine on the basis of its physics and mechanism. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, it covers areas of interest ranging from physics and engineering to the biological and medical sciences. Individual chapters introduce the fundamentals of cavitation, describe its characterization, control and imaging techniques, and present cavitation-enhanced thermal and mechanical effects and their applications. Intended as both a reference work for graduate students, and as a guide for scientists and engineers who work with cavitation in biomedicine, it provides a broad and solid foundation of knowledge. The aim is to bridge the different disciplines involved, and to promote cross-discipline research, thus encouraging innovations in the scientific research and engineering applications alike. Dr. Mingxi Wan is a professor at Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Dr. Yi Feng works at Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Dr. Gail ter Haar is a professor at The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surry, UK.
Cavitation in Non-Newtonian Fluids: With Biomedical and Bioengineering Applications
by Emil BrujanNon-Newtonian properties on bubble dynamics and cavitation are fundamentally different from those of Newtonian fluids. The most significant effect arises from the dramatic increase in viscosity of polymer solutions in an extensional flow, such as that generated about a spherical bubble during its growth or collapse phase. In addition, many biological fluids, such as blood, synovial fluid, and saliva, have non-Newtonian properties and can display significant viscoelastic behaviour. This monograph elucidates general aspects of bubble dynamics and cavitation in non-Newtonian fluids and applies them to the fields of biomedicine and bioengineering. In addition it presents many examples from the process industries. The field is strongly interdisciplinary and the numerous disciplines involve have and will continue to overlook and reinvent each others' work. This book helps researchers to think intuitively about the diverse physics of these systems, to attempt to bridge the various communities involved, and to convey the interest, elegance, and variety of physical phenomena that manifest themselves on the micrometer and microsecond scales.
Cavitation: Bubble Trackers
by Yves LecoffreThis text deals with the concept that cavitation is the main limitation to the performance of hydraulic components. Topics covered include the vaporization of liquids due to high velocities or pressure fluctuations, and the effects of cavitation on the performances of rotary machinery. One chapter is devoted to cavitation noise which concerns many users, including surface ships and submarines, and the author finishes with some examples of the use of cavitation and subject-specific measuring techniques.
Cavity Dynamics and Splashing Mechanism in Droplets (SpringerBriefs in Energy)
by Xiaoyu Wang Yuning Zhang Zhaohao Li Junwei ShenThis brief explores the pivotal realm of droplet cavitation, a subject of great significance for enhancing fuel atomization and improving various industrial processes. The authors employ high-speed photography experiments, analyze bubble dynamics equations, and utilize numerical simulations to explore the dynamic behavior of cavitation bubbles and droplets. The book analyzes the entire lifecycle of cavitation bubbles, their interactions with different liquid droplets, and the key parameters governing their oscillation and collapse and sheds light on the collapse mechanisms and shock wave propagation influenced by liquid droplets. Additionally, it investigates the dynamics of droplet spattering by categorizing spatter patterns under diverse conditions, discusses the critical stability of droplet surfaces, and reveals the mechanisms by which cavitation bubble collapses induce droplet breakage. Taking vapor bubbles and diesel droplets as examples, the dynamic characteristics of specific droplets containing bubbles are also analyzed. This book offers an in-depth understanding of these phenomena with practical implications for a wide range of industrial applications and is a useful tool for researchers and engineers working in the fields of fluid dynamics, combustion engineering, and atomization processes.
Cavity Optomechanics: Nano- and Micromechanical Resonators Interacting with Light (Quantum Science and Technology)
by Markus Aspelmeyer Tobias J. Kippenberg Florian MarquardtDuring the last few years cavity-optomechanics has emerged as a new field of research. This highly interdisciplinary field studies the interaction between micro and nano mechanical systems and light. Possible applications range from novel high-bandwidth mechanical sensing devices through the generation of squeezed optical or mechanical states to even tests of quantum theory itself. This is one of the first books in this relatively young field. It is aimed at scientists, engineers and students who want to obtain a concise introduction to the state of the art in the field of cavity optomechanics. It is valuable to researchers in nano science, quantum optics, quantum information, gravitational wave detection and other cutting edge fields. Possible applications include biological sensing, frequency comb applications, silicon photonics etc. The technical content will be accessible to those who have familiarity with basic undergraduate physics.
Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #179)
by Gianluca Gagliardi Hans-Peter LoockThe book reviews the dramatic recent advances in the use of optical resonators for high sensitivity and high resolution molecular spectroscopy as well as for chemical, mechanical and physical sensing. It encompasses a variety of cavities including those made of two or more mirrors, optical fiber loops, fiber gratings and spherical cavities. The book focuses on novel techniques and their applications. Each chapter is written by an expert and/or pioneer in the field. These experts also provide the theoretical background in optics and molecular physics where needed. Examples of recent breakthroughs include the use of frequency combs (Nobel prize 2005) for cavity enhanced sensing and spectroscopy, the use of novel cavity materials and geometries, the development of optical heterodyne detection techniques combined to active frequency-locking schemes. These methods allow the use and interrogation of optical resonators with a variety of coherent light sources for trace gas detection and sensing of strain, temperature and pressure.
Cd95: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1557)
by Patrick LegembreThis volume provides the most commonly used methods and protocols to study the apoptotic and non-apoptotic roles of CD95. Chapters explore molecular, biochemical, cellular methods and animal models to in order to better understand the biological functions of this cytokine. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, CD95: Methods and Protocols aims to foster original research on CD95/CD95L couple.
Cece Loves Science and Adventure (Cece Loves Science #2)
by Kimberly Derting Shelli R. Johannes“Smart girls, friendship, and fun: a winning combination.” —Kirkus“A wonderful book.” —School Library JournalCece loves science and adventure!In this STEM-themed Girls in Science picture book, Cece and her Adventure Girls troop use science, technology, engineering, and math to solve problems and earn their camping pin. Illustrated by New York Times–bestseller Vashti Harrison, Cece Loves Science and Adventure is perfect for fans of Ada Twist, Scientist and anyone who enjoys asking questions and figuring out how things work. Cece loves being an Adventure Girl almost as much as she loves science, which is why she can’t wait for her troop’s camping trip. Nature is full of science for Cece to explore!Along with her friends, her mom, and her dog, Einstein, Cece learns how to pitch a tent, set up a campsite, and document landmarks on the trail. Then thunder booms in the distance! Working together, the girls use meteorology and math to determine the location of the storm; engineering to build a shelter; and technology and math to calculate the length of the trek back to the campsite. After all that teamwork, Cece’s mom gives them an Adventure Girl surprise!Illustrated by Vashti Harrison, author and illustrator of the New York Times–bestselling Little Leaders: Bold Women in Black History, Cece Loves Science and Adventure is just right for curious kids and anyone who loves to explore the great outdoors. Includes a glossary.
Cece Loves Science: Push and Pull (I Can Read Level 3)
by Kimberly Derting Shelli R. JohannesCece loves science! In this STEM-themed Level 3 I Can Read! title, Cece and her friend Isaac learn about the opposite forces of push and pull, and use their new knowledge to create a treat dispenser for Cece’s dog, Einstein. Perfect for aspiring scientists, emerging readers, and fans of Andrea Beaty’s Ada Twist, Scientist. Cece loves science—and experimenting! In this Cece Loves Science Level 3 I Can Read!, Cece’s teacher, Miss Curie, explains the opposite forces of push and pull. To demonstrate this concept, she divides the class into two teams. Each team must make a treat dispenser for Cece’s dog, Einstein, that uses both forces. Cece and her classmates rely on science, creativity, and teamwork—and they learn a lot along the way. The Cece Loves Science books introduce readers to basic concepts of science, technology, engineering, and math, and are perfect for the classroom. This Level 3 I Can Read! focuses on basic scientific vocabulary and includes a glossary of terms and fun activities for readers to try on their own. A great pick for beginning readers!
Celebrating the Universe!: The Spirituality And Science Of Stargazing
by James MullaneyThe very first work of its kind, Celebrating the Universe! is a tour of the wonders of the heavens, with a focus on the "soul" of the night sky. Astronomer and author James Mullaney has written this travel guide to the stars from a metaphysical and spiritual perspective in addition to a scientific one. The unique unifying theme throughout is the personal benefits of communing with these marvels firsthand-the joy and heady excitement of participating in the great cosmic drama unfolding nightly overhead. Everything the budding stargazer and celestial pilgrim needs for this journey is contained within this volume, from how to observe the sky (with the unaided eye and binoculars) . . . to what to see-and why! This book covers: The Sun, the Moon, and all of the planets Comets, asteroids, meteors, and artificial satellites Variable and exploding stars, colorful double and multiple stars, and glittering star clusters Eerie glowing nebulae, our majestic Milky Way, and remote galaxies Through exercises and reflections, you'll also learn about little-known aspects of stargazing such as therapeutic relaxation, celestial meditation, expansion of consciousness, spiritual contact, and astral travel; and you'll explore profound concepts such as our heritage as children of the stars (we are made of stardust!) and our cosmic destiny as citizens of the universe.
Celestial Calculations: A Gentle Introduction to Computational Astronomy (The\mit Press Ser.)
by J. L. LawrenceHow to predict and calculate the positions of stars, planets, the sun, the moon, and satellites using a personal computer and high school mathematics.Our knowledge of the universe is expanding rapidly, as space probes launched decades ago begin to send information back to earth. There has never been a better time to learn about how planets, stars, and satellites move through the heavens. This book is for amateur astronomers who want to move beyond pictures of constellations in star guides and solve the mysteries of a starry night. It is a book for readers who have wondered, for example, where Saturn will appear in the night sky, when the sun will rise and set, or how long the space station will be over their location. In Celestial Calculations, J. L. Lawrence shows readers how to find the answers to these and other astronomy questions with only a personal computer and high school math. Using an easy-to-follow step-by-step approach, Lawrence explains what calculations are required, why they are needed, and how they all fit together.Lawrence begins with basic principles: unit of measure conversions, time conversions, and coordinate systems. He combines these concepts into a computer program that can calculate the location of a star, and uses the same methods for predicting the locations of the sun, moon, and planets. He then shows how to use these methods for locating the many satellites we have sent into orbit. Finally, he describes a variety of resources and tools available to the amateur astronomer, including star charts and astronomical tables. Diagrams illustrate the major concepts, and computer programs that implement the algorithms are included. Photographs of actual celestial objects accompany the text, and interesting astronomical facts are interspersed throughout.Source code (in Python 3, JAVA, and Visual Basic) and executables for all the programs and examples presented in the book are available for download at https://CelestialCalculations.github.io.
Celestial Delights: The Best Astronomical Events Through 2020 (The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series)
by Francis ReddyCelestial Delights is essentially a 'TV Guide' for teh sky. This will be its third edition. This title, which has aggregated sales of about 20,000 copies to date in its two previous editions and has found a niche with skygazers, is much awaited. Through extensive graphics integrated with an eight-year-long calendar of sky events, it provides a look at "don't miss" sky events, mostly for naked-eye and binocular observing. The book is organized by ease of observation - lunar phases and the brighter planets come first, while solar eclipses, the aurora, and comets come later. Celestial Delights also includes a hefty dose of sky lore, astronomical history, and clear overviews of current science. It provides a handy reference to upcoming naked-eye events, with information broken out in clear and simple diagrams and tables that are cross-referenced against a detailed almanac for each year covered. Most broad-ranging astronomy field guides focus on stars, constellations, and the deep sky, but tend to ignore planetary events, which are in by far the most widely observable aspects of the changing night sky. Celestial Delights puts a variety of information all in one place, presents it in a friendly way that does not require prior in-depth astronomical knowledge, but provides the context and historical background for understanding events that astronomical computer programs or web sites lack.
Celestial Dynamics
by Rudolf Dvorak Christoph LhotkaWritten by an internationally renowned expert author and researcher, this monograph fills the need for a book conveying the sophisticated tools needed to calculate exo-planet motion and interplanetary space flight. It is unique in considering the critical problems of dynamics and stability, making use of the software Mathematica, including supplements for practical use of the formulae.A must-have for astronomers and applied mathematicians alike.
Celestial Harvest: 300-Plus Showpieces of the Heavens for Telescope Viewing and Contemplation (Dover Books on Astronomy)
by James MullaneyThis book describes over 300 celestial wonders that can be viewed with common binoculars and low-power "backyard" telescopes incorporating refractors and reflectors.In addition to such showpieces as the Andromeda Galaxy, the largest and brightest of all galaxies after the Milky Way, and the Blue Snowball, one of the autumn sky's outstanding planetary nebulas, over 20 other special objects are listed and characterized, many of which are visible to the unaided eye on a dark, clear night.The sun, moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and other members of the earth's solar system are also described, as are such bright asteroids as Ceres, Juno, and Vesta; open star clusters, diffuse nebulas, supernova remnants, spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies, and a host of other astronomical phenomena. An abbreviated descriptive format is used to accommodate as much information on observation as possible for both field and armchair use.
Celestial Mechanics and Astrodynamics: Theory and Practice (Astrophysics and Space Science Library #436)
by Pini Gurfil P. Kenneth SeidelmannThis volume is designed as an introductory text and reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of astronomy, astrodynamics, satellite systems, space sciences and astrophysics. The purpose of the book is to emphasize the similarities between celestial mechanics and astrodynamics, and to present recent advances in these two fields so that the reader can understand the inter-relations and mutual influences. The juxtaposition of celestial mechanics and astrodynamics is a unique approach that is expected to be a refreshing attempt to discuss both the mechanics of space flight and the dynamics of celestial objects. "Celestial Mechanics and Astrodynamics: Theory and Practice" also presents the main challenges and future prospects for the two fields in an elaborate, comprehensive and rigorous manner. The book presents homogenous and fluent discussions of the key problems, rendering a portrayal of recent advances in the field together with some basic concepts and essential infrastructure in orbital mechanics. The text contains introductory material followed by a gradual development of ideas interweaved to yield a coherent presentation of advanced topics.
Celestial Shadows: Eclipses, Transits, and Occultations (Astrophysics and Space Science Library #410)
by William Sheehan John WestfallMuch of what is known about the universe came from the study of celestial shadows. This book looks in detail at the way eclipses and other celestial shadows have given us amazing insights into the nature of the objects in our solar system and how they are even helping us discover and analyze planets that orbit stars other than our Sun. A variety of eclipses, transits, and occultations of the mooons of Jupiter and Saturn, Pluto and its satellite Charon, asteroids and stars have helped astronomers to work out their dimensions, structures, and shapes - even the existence of atmospheres and structures of exoplanets. Long before Columbus set out to reach the Far East by sailing West, the curved shadow of the Earth on the Moon during a lunar eclipse revealed that we inhabit a round world, a globe. More recently, comparisons of the sunlit and Earthlit parts of the Moon have been used to determine changes in the Earth's brightness as a way of monitoring possible effects in cloud coverage which may be related to global warming. Shadows were used by the Greek mathematician Eratosthenes to work out the first estimate of the circumference of the Earth, by Galileo to measure the heights of the lunar mountains and by eighteenth century astronomers to determine the scale of the Solar System itself. Some of the rarest and most wonderful shadows of all are those cast onto Earth by the lovely "Evening Star" Venus as it goes between the Earth and the Sun. These majestic transits of Venus occur at most two in a century; after the 2012 transit, there is not a chance to observe this phenomenon until 2117, while the more common sweep of a total solar eclipse creates one of the most dramatic and awe-inspiring events of nature. Though it may have once been a source of consternation or dread, solar eclipses now lead thousands of amateur astronomers and "eclipse-chasers" to travel the globe in order to experience the dramatic view under "totality. " These phenomena are among the most spectacular available to observers and are given their full due in Westfall and Sheehan's comprehensive study.
Celestial Signs and Classical Rhetoric in Early Imperial China (SUNY series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture)
by Jesse J. ChapmanConsiders how sign-reading fit into broader understandings of the human and cosmic worlds in Han times.Celestial Signs and Classical Rhetoric in Early Imperial China considers how the reading of celestial signs-including comets, strange clouds, halos, rainbows, and planets in retrograde motion-fit into broader understandings of the human and cosmic worlds in Han times. Advancing a cultural studies approach to celestial signs, Jesse J. Chapman traces the theory and practice of sign-reading across a range of genres, including technical manuals, historical narratives, and memorials to the throne. Moving from variegated materials in an early tomb to historical treatises compiled over several centuries, Chapman demonstrates that rhetoric and ideals drawn from classical texts gradually became fundamental sources of authority for interpreters of celestial signs. Sign-reading in practice proved both flexible and context-dependent, and interpreters of celestial signs rarely, if ever, read omens in isolation. Celestial signs became meaningful in the context of historical understanding, personal experience, the state of the empire, and the life of the court. Reading omens meant reading the state of the world at a particular moment in time.
Celestial Sleuth: Using Astronomy to Solve Mysteries in Art, History and Literature (Springer Praxis Books)
by Donald W. OlsonFor a general audience interested in solving mysteries in art, history, and literature using the methods of science, 'forensic astronomy' is a thrilling new field of exploration. Astronomical calculations are the basis of the studies, which have the advantage of bringing to readers both evocative images and a better understanding of the skies. Weather facts, volcano studies, topography, tides, historical letters and diaries, famous paintings, military records, and the friendly assistance of experts in related fields add variety, depth, and interest to the work. The chosen topics are selected for their wide public recognition and intrigue, involving artists such as Vincent van Gogh, Claude Monet, Edvard Munch, and Ansel Adams; historical events such as the Battle of Marathon, the death of Julius Caesar, the American Revolution, and World War II; and literary authors such as Chaucer, Shakespeare, Joyce, and Mary Shelley. This book sets out to answer these mysteries indicated with the means and expertise of astronomy, opening the door to a richer experience of human culture and its relationship with nature. Each subject is carefully analyzed. As an example using the study of sky paintings by Vincent van Gogh, the analytical method would include: - computer calculations of historical skies above France in the 19th century - finding and quoting the clues found in translations of original letters by Van Gogh - making site visits to France to determine the precise locations when Van Gogh set up his easel and what celestial objects are depicted. For each historical event influenced by astronomy, there would be a different kind of mystery to be solved. As an example: - How can the phase of the Moon and time of moonrise help to explain a turning point of the American Civil War - the fatal wounding of Stonewall Jackson at Chancellorsville in 1863? For each literary reference to astronomy, it was determined which celestial objects were being described and making an argument that the author is describing an actual event. For example, what was the date of the moonlit scene when Mary Shelley first had the idea for her novel "Frankenstein?" These and more fun riddles will enchant and delight the fan of art and astronomy.
Celiac Disease: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine #41)
by Michael N. MarshProfessor Michael N. Marsh, a recognized world authority on this condition, together with a team of other expert laboratory/clinical investigators from around the world, present a collection of the state-of-the-art techniques for studying the biology and immunopathology of celiac disease. Both the novice and experienced researcher will find in this collection detailed step-by-step methods for cloning lymphocytes, creating gene/peptide libraries, and performing genotyping, linkage, and positional cloning. Also included are techniques for determining the peptide structure of HLA-bound material (tandem mass spectroscopy), computerized morphometry, in situ hybridization, organ culture, and monoclonal AB assays. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Celiac Disease: Methods and Protocols provides all experimental and clinical investigators with the essential core of readily reproducible methods necessary for successful work on celiac disease today.