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Cellulose-Based Graft Copolymers: Structure and Chemistry
by Vijay Kumar ThakurCellulose-Based Graft Copolymers: Structure and Chemistry discusses the synthesis, characterization, and properties of multifunctional cellulose-based graft copolymers. Presenting the contributions of accomplished experts in the field of natural cellulosic polymers, this authoritative text: Offers an overview of cutting-edge technical accomplishmen
Cellulose: Development, Processing, and Applications
by Abu Zahrim YaserCellulose: Development, Processing, and Applications covers topics related to advanced cellulose development and processing, as well as the utilization of major agricultural and biomass waste. It discusses the utilization of cellulose from other agricultural and biomass materials, including oil palm biomass, bamboo, and other non-wood forest products in emerging areas. It covers the treatments used to improve the quality of cellulosic materials in specific applications. Following that, the book delves into the use of cellulosic materials in the application of composting science and technology. Features: Delves into the specific agriculture waste/biomass waste materials used for the advanced cellulose-based production Outlines the potential use of the covered materials for energy production and other emerging applications Includes composting technology and processes using the cellulosic materials Overviews industrial applications of cellulose from agricultural waste/biomass waste and composting technology Discusses the main agricultural waste/biomass in the Asian region This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical engineering, bioprocessing, composites, and biotechnology.
Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems
by Douglas L. KarlenCellulosic Energy Cropping Systems presents a comprehensive overview of how cellulosic energy crops can be sustainably produced and converted to affordable energy through liquid fuels, heat and electricity.The book begins with an introduction to cellulosic feedstocks, discussing their potential as a large-scale sustainable energy source, and technologies for the production of liquid fuels, heat and electricity. Subsequent chapters examine miscanthus, switchgrass, sugarcane and energy cane, sorghums and crop residues, reviewing their phylogeny, cultural practices, and opportunities for genetic improvement. This is followed by a detailed focus on woody crops, including eucalyptus, pine, poplar and willow. Critical logistical issues associated with both herbaceous and woody feedstocks are reviewed, and alternate strategies for harvesting, transporting, and storing cellulosic materials are also examined. The final sectionof the booktackles the challenge of achieving long-term sustainability, addressing economic, environmental and social factors.Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems is a valuable resource for academics, students and industry professionals working in the field of biomass cultivation and conversion, bioenergy, crop science and agriculture.Topics covered include:Identifying suitable cellulosic energy crops that are adapted to a wide range of climates and soilsBest management practices for sustainably growing, harvesting, storing, transporting and pre-processing these cropsThe development of integrated cellulosic energy cropping systems for supplying commercial processing plantsChallenges and opportunities for the long-term sustainability of cellulosic energy crops This book was conceived and initiated by David I. Bransby, Professor of Energy and Forage Crops in the Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences at Auburn University, USA. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs
Cement-Based Materials for Nuclear Waste Storage
by Céline Cau-di-Coumes Sylvie Lorente Fabien Frizon Florence BartAs the re-emergence of nuclear power as an acceptable energy source on an international basis continues, the need for safe and reliable ways to dispose of radioactive waste becomes ever more critical. The ultimate goal for designing a predisposal waste-management system depends on producing waste containers suitable for storage, transportation and permanent disposal. Cement-Based Materials for Nuclear-Waste Storage provides a roadmap for the use of cementation as an applied technique for the treatment of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes. Coverage includes, but is not limited to, a comparison of cementation with other solidification techniques, advantages of calcium-silicate cements over other materials and a discussion of the long-term suitability and safety of waste packages as well as cement barriers.
Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization
by Michael I. Ojovan Nailia R. Rakhimova Ravil Z. Rakhimov Rehab O. Abdel RahmanCementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization
Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America
by Edward J. Petuch>The rich fossil record of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of the United States is a gold mine for interested scientists. The last thirty million years of Earth history are superbly chronicled by a succession of fossil assemblages extending from the St. Lawrence River to Florida. Marine scientists, paleontologists, and systematic biologists al
Censored: Distraction and Diversion Inside China`s Great Firewall
by Margaret E. RobertsA groundbreaking and surprising look at contemporary censorship in China <P><P>As authoritarian governments around the world develop sophisticated technologies for controlling information, many observers have predicted that these controls would be ineffective because they are easily thwarted and evaded by savvy Internet users. In Censored, Margaret Roberts demonstrates that even censorship that is easy to circumvent can still be enormously effective. <P><P>Taking advantage of digital data harvested from the Chinese Internet and leaks from China's Propaganda Department, this important book sheds light on how and when censorship influences the Chinese public.Roberts finds that much of censorship in China works not by making information impossible to access but by requiring those seeking information to spend extra time and money for access. <P><P>By inconveniencing users, censorship diverts the attention of citizens and powerfully shapes the spread of information. When Internet users notice blatant censorship, they are willing to compensate for better access. <P><P>But subtler censorship, such as burying search results or introducing distracting information on the web, is more effective because users are less aware of it. Roberts challenges the conventional wisdom that online censorship is undermined when it is incomplete and shows instead how censorship's porous nature is used strategically to divide the public. <P><P>Drawing parallels between censorship in China and the way information is manipulated in the United States and other democracies, Roberts reveals how Internet users are susceptible to control even in the most open societies. Demonstrating how censorship travels across countries and technologies, Censored gives an unprecedented view of how governments encroach on the media consumption of citizens.
Centenarians: An Example of Positive Biology
by Calogero CarusoThis state-of-the-art review on longevity focuses on centenarians, studied as a model of positive biology. The extraordinary rise in the elderly population in developed countries underscores the importance of studies on ageing and longevity in order to decrease the medical, economic and social problems associated with the increased number of non-autonomous individuals affected by invalidating pathologies. Centenarians have reached the extreme limits of human life span. Those in relatively good health, who are able to perform their routine daily tasks, are the best examples of extreme longevity, representing selected individuals in which the appearance of major age-related diseases – including cancer and cardiovascular diseases – has been consistently delayed or avoided. The relationship between causality and chance is an open discussion topic in many disciplines. In particular, ageing, the related diseases, and longevity are difficult to define as a consequence of causality, chance or both. Discussing the relevance of these different factors in the attainment of longevity, the book gathers contributions on genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic aspects of centenarians.The “positive biology” approach is applied to clarify the causes of positive phenotypes, as well as to explain the biological mechanisms of health and well-being with the aim of preventing and/or reducing frailty and disability in the elderly.
Centering Animals in Latin American History
by Martha Few Tortorici ZebCentering Animals in Latin American History writes animals back into the history of colonial and postcolonial Latin America. This collection reveals how interactions between humans and other animals have significantly shaped narratives of Latin American histories and cultures. The contributors work through the methodological implications of centering animals within historical narratives, seeking to include nonhuman animals as social actors in the histories of Mexico, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Chile, Brazil, Peru, and Argentina. The essays discuss topics ranging from canine baptisms, weddings, and funerals in Bourbon Mexico to imported monkeys used in medical experimentation in Puerto Rico. Some contributors examine the role of animals in colonization efforts. Others explore the relationship between animals, medicine, and health. Finally, essays on the postcolonial period focus on the politics of hunting, the commodification of animals and animal parts, the protection of animals and the environment, and political symbolism. Contributors. Neel Ahuja, Lauren Derby, Regina Horta Duarte, Martha Few, Erica Fudge, León García Garagarza, Reinaldo Funes Monzote, Heather L. McCrea, John Soluri, Zeb Tortorici, Adam Warren, Neil L. Whitehead
Centering Gender in the Era of Digital and Green Transition: Intersectional Perspectives
by Adel M. Sarea Amira Kaddour Kristie Drucza Sujata GangulyThis edited volume examines the importance of centering gender in research and policymaking focused on climate change, environmental sustainability, and digital technology. Chapters unpack how the transition to a green and digital future affects various fields and industry sectors including STEM, agriculture, and energy, as well as why gender-transformative approaches—particularly the production and analysis of gender-inclusive disaggregated data—should be included in those transitions. The editors and authors also look at the positive impact of these considerations on economic growth and poverty eradication. Finally, this book presents an ideal/utopian view of what a gender-equal and inclusive world that has transitioned to green industries and embraced digital technologies might look like.This book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, students and policymakers across the Social Sciences including Sociology, Anthropology, Gender Studies, Science & Technology Studies, and Economics.
Centers of Progress: Forty Cities that Changed the World
by Chelsea FollettWhere does progress happen? The story of civilization is the story of the city. It is cities that have created and defined the modern world by acting as the sites of pivotal advances in culture, politics, science, technology, and more. There is no question that certain places, at certain times in history, have contributed disproportionately toward making the world a better place. This book tells the story of 40 of those places. <p><p>In Centers of Progress: 40 Cities That Changed the World, Chelsea Follett examines a diverse group of cities, ranging from ancient Athens to Song-era Hangzhou. But some common themes stand out: most cities reach their creative peak during periods of peace; most centers of progress also thrive during times of social, intellectual, and economic freedom, as well as openness to intercultural exchange and trade; and centers of progress tend to be highly populated. Because, in every city, it is ultimately the people who live there who drive progress forward―if given the freedom to do so. <p><p>Identifying common factors―such as relative peace, freedom, and multitudes―among the places that have produced history's greatest achievements is one way to learn what causes progress. Change is a constant, but progress is not. Understanding what makes a place fertile ground for progress may help to sow the seeds of future innovations. <p><p>Moreover, their story is our story. City air provides the wind in the sails of the modern world. Come journey through these pages to some of history's greatest centers of progress.
Central American Biodiversity: Conservation, Ecology, and a Sustainable Future
by Falk HuettmannThis book highlights key results and lessons learnt from two field sites, La Suerte in Costa Rica and Ometepe Nicaragua. It provides long term data on species abundance and distribution. Primates receive specific attention in this book, as they are flagship species and good indicators for the "health" of an ecosystem, but as well a money maker. Many primate species are sensitive to habitat alteration, and are often hunted out first. But they play an important role as seed dispersal agents for the regeneration of the forest. The book then compares results from the two field sites with regional trends, and explores potential solutions such as REDD+. This book strongly calls for new approaches in conservation, it makes the case for looking beyond the pure species biology and classic conservation angle and to take into account the economic and political realities.
Central European Stream Ecosystems: The Long Term Study of the Breitenbach
by Eileen J. Cox Peter Zwick Jürgen Marxsen WagnerProbably the best-studied stream on earth. The result of unmatched long-term data taken by the Max-Planck outstation in Schlitz from the nearby Breitenbach stream since 1949, the special focus in this handbook and ready reference is on animal and microorganism occurrence and variation, as well as chemical and physical parameters. An invaluable data basis for modeling purposes for anyone dealing with stream ecology.
Central Functions of the Ghrelin Receptor (The Receptors #25)
by Jeanelle Portelli Ilse SmoldersThe Ghrelin receptor was identified before its natural ligand ghrelin. This receptor is found both centrally and peripherally, and has been shown to affect various processes, such as food intake, gut motility, memory, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular performances, reproduction, memory, and immunological responses, amongst others. The functions of the ghrelin receptor in the central nervous system are numerous and are still being explored. In this book we specifically focus on the various roles of the ghrelin receptor in the central nervous system. In a first set of chapters, the book will focus on the discovery and the properties of this intriguing constitutively active G-protein coupled receptor, on its multiple intracellular transduction mechanisms and the various subtypes of the currently known ghrelin receptor complexes. Next, the book will elaborate on the mitochondrial mechanisms regulated by the ghrelin receptor, its role in feeding and drug addictive mechanisms, memory, sleep and arousal. The final chapters focus on the potential of this receptor as a target for the treatment of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, anxiety and depression.
Central Nervous System Metastasis, the Biological Basis and Clinical Considerations (Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment #18)
by Diane PalmieriHere is a thorough survey of the biology and treatment of CNS metastasis, including natural history, risk factors, molecular biology, the blood-brain barrier, imaging, quality of life, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and the future of targeted therapies.
Central Park Zoo, The
by Joan ScheierCountless New Yorkers, as well as visitors from all parts of the world, have experienced an oasis just a few feet off Fifth Avenue in the heart of Manhattan. Since the 1860s, Central Park has been the home of three different zoos: the menagerie, the zoo of 1934, and what is today known as the Central Park Zoo. The Central Park Zoo begins with the menagerie of the 1860s, an impromptu public zoo begun when citizens and circuses started donating animals to the city. It continues in 1934, when Robert Moses-perhaps the most influential man in the city's planning history-built a newer zoo, remembered to this day for its lions, tigers, elephants, and gorillas. It ends with the brand new zoo and exhibits built in 1988 under the supervision of the Wildlife Conservation Society. With stunning, rarely seen images, The Central Park Zoo not only is a treat for the eyes but also comes alive with the barking of sea lions, the soft fur of snow monkeys, the sweet smell of peanut butter, and the taste of "ice cakes"-treats for the zoo residents, of course.
Central Regulation of Energy Metabolism With Special Reference To Circadian Rhythm
by Katsuya NagaiThis excellent book describes the roles of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus as a regulatory center of homeostatic mechanism and a circadian oscillator in mammals, including humans. The authors emphasize two important points based on their findings: 1) SCN plays a critical role in central regulation of energy metabolism through which a constant supply of glucose to the central nervous system (CNS) is well maintained; and 2) neurons responsible for the regulation of energy metabolism are located in the ventrolateral part of the SCN and receive retinal neural inputs through both the retinohypothalamic tract and the geniculohypothalamic tract. The authors then discuss the evolutionary importance of these points to the survival of mammals on earth. Other topics examined include the involvement of light in the regulation of neural activity of the autonomic nervous system through the retina and SCN, in addition to the relation of the SCN with regulations of other autonomic nerve functions, such as blood pressure and body temperature. Central Regulation of Energy Metabolism with Special Reference to Circadian Rhythm is important reading for researchers and students in neuroendocrinologists, neurobiologists, biochemists, endocrinologists, physiologists, chronobiologists, psychologists, pharmacologists, and others interested in the topic.
Centrally Heated Knickers
by Michael RosenHail! Hail!I come from anothergalaxy.Discover the wierd and wonderful world of martians, woolly saucepans and centrally heated knickers in 100 poems about science and technology from the delightfully irreverent, Michael Rosen, Children's Laureate 2007 - 2009.
Centrifugal & Rotary Pumps: Fundamentals With Applications
by Lev NelikCentrifugal and Rotary Pumps offers both professionals and students a concise reference detailing the design, performance, and principles of operation of the different pumps types defined by the Hydraulic Institute. From historical background to the latest trends and technological developments, the author focuses on information with real-world prac
Centrifugal Pump Clinic, Revised and Expanded (Mechanical Engineering #68)
by Igor J. KarassikMaintaining the excellent coverage of centrifugal pumps begun in the First Edition -- called ``useful'' and ``indispensable'' by reviewers -- the Second Edition continues to serve as the most complete and up-to-date working guide yet written for plant and design engineers involved with centrifugal pumps.
Centrifugal Pumps for Sodium Cooled Reactors
by Ravindra Kale B.K. ShreedharThis comprehensive introduction to centrifugal pumps used in sodiumcooled fast reactors discusses the special attributes of centrifugal pumps, design features, manufacturing requirements, instrumentation, and operating experience. It covers the characteristics of mechanical pumps, used as the main coolant pumps in fast reactors. Key Features: • Covers description of pumps in various reactors highlighting the special features of the pumps and providing an overview of futuristic design concepts. • Discusses the aspects related to the design, manufacture, testing, instrumentation, and operating experience of centrifugal sodium pumps. • Highlights the challenges in centrifugal sodium pump testing. • Presents topics such as cavitation testing for critical applications and thermodynamic effect on pump cavitation. • Real-life case studies are included for better understanding. This book gives a detailed overview of the design, manufacture, testing, and operating experience of the main coolant pumps used in sodium-cooled nuclear reactors. It further discusses the special type of pumps used in fast reactor power plants to circulate liquid sodium through the core. The text examines the challenges in centrifugal sodium pump testing and types of test facilities around the world. Real-life examples are used to highlight important aspects. It is primarily written for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields such as mechanical engineering, nuclear engineering, and chemical engineering.
Centromere: Structure and Evolution (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology #48)
by Durdica UgarkovicThe centromere is a chromosomal locus that regulates the proper pairing and segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. Despite their conserved, essential function, centromeres are characterized by the rapid evolution of both centromeric DNA and proteins. This book presents current views on centromere structure and identity. It deals with the epigenetic concept of centromere establishment and maintenance as well as with the role of DNA and centromeric transcripts in centromere formation and function. Special emphasis is placed on centromere evolution: different evolutionary models are discussed in detail and the latest research on the evolution of new centromeres and neocentromeres is presented.
Centromeres and Kinetochores: Discovering the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Chromosome Inheritance (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology #56)
by Ben E. BlackThis book presents the latest advances concerning the regulation of chromosome segregation during cell division by means of centromeres and kinetochores. The authors cover both state-of-the-art techniques and a range of species and model systems, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the transmission of genetic material between cell divisions and from parent to offspring. The chapters cover five major areas related to the current study of centromeres and kinetochores: 1) their genetic and epigenetic features, 2) key breakthroughs at the molecular, proteomic, imaging and biochemical level, 3) the constitutive centromere proteins, 4) the role of centromere proteins in the physical process of chromosome segregation and its careful orchestration through elaborate regulation, and 5) intersections with reproductive biology, human health and disease, as well as chromosome evolution. The book offers an informative and provocative guide for newcomers as well as those already acquainted with the field.
Cephalopod Behaviour (2nd Edition)
by Roger T. Hanlon John B. MessengerWith their large brains, elaborate sense organs and complex behaviour, cephalopods are among the world’s most highly evolved invertebrates. This second edition summarises the wealth of exciting new research data stemming from over 500 papers published since the first volume appeared. It adopts a comparative approach to causation, function, development and evolution as it explores cephalopod behaviour in natural habitats and the laboratory. Extensive colour and black-and-white photography illustrates various aspects of cephalopod behaviour to complement the scientific analysis. Covering the major octopus, squid and cuttlefish species as well as the shelled Nautilus, this is an essential resource for undergraduate and advanced students of animal behaviour, as well as researchers new to cephalopods, in fields such as neuroscience and conservation biology. By highlighting the gaps in current knowledge, the text looks to inform and to stimulate further study of these beautiful animals.
Cephalopod Cognition
by Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq Ludovic Dickel Jennifer Mather Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq Ludovic DickelCephalopods are generally regarded as the most intelligent group among the invertebrates. Despite their popularity, relatively little is known about the range and function of their cognitive abilities. This book fills that gap, accentuating the varied and fascinating aspects of cognition across the group. Starting with the brain, learning and memory, Part I looks at early learning, memory acquisition and cognitive development in modern cephalopods. An analysis of the chambered nautilus, a living fossil, is included, providing insight into the evolution of behavioural complexity. Part II surveys environmental responses, especially within the active and learning-dependent coleoids. The ever-intriguing camouflage abilities of octopus and cuttlefish are highlighted, alongside bioluminescence, navigation and other aspects of visual and cognitive competence. Covering the range of cognitive function, this text underscores the importance of the cephalopods within the field of comparative cognition generally. It will be highly valuable for researchers, graduates and senior undergraduate students.