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Charge Quantization and Kondo Quantum Criticality in Few-Channel Mesoscopic Circuits (Springer Theses)
by Zubair IftikharThis thesis explores several fundamental topics in mesoscopic circuitries that incorporate few electronic conduction channels. It reports a series of long-awaited experiments that establish a new state of the art. The first experiments address the quantized character of charge in circuits. We demonstrate the charge quantization criterion, observe the predicted charge quantization scaling and a crossover toward a universal behavior as temperature is increased. The second set of experiments addresses the unconventional quantum critical physics that arises in the multichannel Kondo model. We observe the predicted universal Kondo fixed points and validate the numerical renormalization group scaling curves. Away from the quantum critical point, we obtain a direct visualization of the development of a second-order quantum phase transition.
Charge Transfer in Physics, Chemistry and Biology: Physical Mechanisms of Elementary Processes and an Introduction to the Theory
by A.M. KuznetrsovThis book covers the various processes of charge transfer in physics, chemistry and biology and shows the similarities and differences between them. It focuses on the physical mechanisms of the elementary processes to demonstrate their common physical nature.
Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems
by Oliver Kühn Volkhard MayCharge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems Comprehensive resource offering knowledge on charge and energy transfer dynamics in molecular systems and nanostructures Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems provides a unified description of different charge and energy transfer phenomena in molecular systems with emphasis on the theory, bridging the regimes of coherent and dissipative dynamics and thus presenting classic rate theories as well as modern treatments of ultrafast phenomena. Starting from microscopic models, the common features of the different transfer processes are highlighted, along with applications ranging from vibrational energy flow in large polyatomic molecules, the motion of protons in solution, up to the concerted dynamics of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in molecules and molecular aggregates. The newly revised and updated Fourth Edition contains a more detailed coverage of recent developments in density matrix theory, mixed quantum-classical methods for dynamics simulations, and a substantially expanded treatment of time-resolved spectroscopy. The book is written in an easy-to-follow style, including detailed mathematical derivations, thus making even complex concepts understandable and applicable. Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems includes information on: Electronic and vibrational molecular states, covering molecular Schrödinger equation, Born—Oppenheimer separation and approximation, Hartree-Fock equations and other electronic structure methods Dynamics of isolated and open quantum systems, covering multidimensional wave packet dynamics, and different variants of density operator equations Interaction of molecular systems with radiation fields, covering linear and nonlinear optical response using the correlation function approach Intramolecular electronic transitions, covering optical transition and internal conversion processes Transfer processes of electrons, protons, and electronic excitation energy Providing in-depth coverage of the subject, Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems is an essential resource for anyone working on timely problems of energy and charge transfer in physics, chemistry and biophysics as well as for all engaged in nanoscience and organic electronics.
Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems: A Theoretical Introduction
by Oliver Kühn Volkhard MayThis 3rd edition has been expanded and updated to account for recent developments, while new illustrative examples as well as an enlarged reference list have also been added. It naturally retains the successful concept of its predecessors in presenting a unified perspective on molecular charge and energy transfer processes, thus bridging the regimes of coherent and dissipative dynamics, and establishing a connection between classic rate theories and modern treatments of ultrafast phenomena. Among the new topics are: - Time-dependent density functional theory - Heterogeneous electron transfer, e.g. between molecules and metal or semiconductor surfaces - Current flows through a single molecule. While serving as an introduction for graduate students and researchers, this is equally must-have reading for theoreticians and experimentalists, as well as an aid to interpreting experimental data and accessing the original literature.
Charge and Heat Transport Phenomena in Electronic and Spin Structures in B20-type Compounds (Springer Theses)
by Naoya KanazawaThis thesis presents systematic experimental research on chiral-lattice crystals referred to as B20-type germanium compounds, especially focusing on skyrmion spin textures and Dirac electrons. An emergent electromagnetic field observed in MnGe demonstrates a formation of three-dimensional skyrmion crystals. Detection of skyrmions in nanoscale Hall bar devices made of FeGe is realized by measuring the topological Hall effect, a transport property reflecting emergent fields produced by skyrmions. By measuring the electron-filling dependence of thermopower in CoGe, a pronounced thermoelectric property in this compound is revealed to stem from the asymmetric density of states appearing at certain levels of Fermi energy in the Dirac electron state. The three main results named above will contribute to enriching a variety of novel electromagnetic responses of emergent gauge fields in solids, to realizing high-performance skyrmion-based magnetic memory, and to designing high-efficiency thermoelectric materials, respectively.
Charge and Spin Transport in Disordered Graphene-Based Materials (Springer Theses)
by Dinh TuanThis thesis presents an in-depth theoretical analysis of charge and spin transport properties in complex forms of disordered graphene. It relies on innovative real space computational methods of the time-dependent spreading of electronic wave packets. First a universal scaling law of the elastic mean free path versus the average grain size is predicted for polycrystalline morphologies, and charge mobilities of up to 300. 000 cm2/V. s are determined for 1 micron grain size, while amorphous graphene membranes are shown to behave as Anderson insulators. An unprecedented spin relaxation mechanism, unique to graphene and driven by spin/pseudospin entanglement is then reported in the presence of weak spin-orbit interaction (gold ad-atom impurities) together with the prediction of a crossover from a quantum spin Hall Effect to spin Hall effect (for thallium ad-atoms), depending on the degree of surface ad-atom segregation and the resulting island diameter.
Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques
by Paul H. GamacheThe first book devoted exclusively to a highly popular, relatively new detection technique Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques presents a comprehensive review of CAD theory, describes its advantages and limitations, and offers extremely well-informed recommendations for its practical use. Using numerous real-world examples based on contributors’ professional experiences, it provides priceless insights into the actual and potential applications of CAD across a wide range of industries. Charged aerosol detection can be combined with a variety of separation techniques and in numerous configurations. While it has been widely adapted for an array of industrial and research applications with great success, it is still a relatively new technique, and its fundamental performance characteristics are not yet fully understood. This book is intended as a tool for scientists seeking to identify the most effective and efficient uses of charged aerosol detection for a given application. Moving naturally from basic to advanced topics, the author relates fundamental principles, practical uses, and applications across a range of industrial settings, including pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, biotech, and more. Offers timely, authoritative coverage of the theory, experimental techniques, and end-user applications of charged aerosol detection Includes contributions from experts from various fields of applications who explore CAD’s advantages over traditional HPLC techniques, as well its limitations Provides a current theoretical and practical understanding of CAD, derived from authorities on aerosol technology and separation sciences Features numerous real-world examples that help relate fundamental properties and general operational variables of CAD to its performance in a variety of conditions Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques is a valuable resource for scientists who use chromatographic techniques in academic research and across an array of industrial settings, including the biopharmaceutical, biotechnology, biofuel, chemical, environmental, and food and beverage industries, among others.
Charged Particle Beams (Dover Books On Physics Series)
by Stanley Humphries Jr.Detailed enough for a text and sufficiently comprehensive for a reference, this volume addresses topics vital to understanding high-power accelerators and high-brightness-charged particle beams. Subjects include stochastic cooling, high-brightness injectors, and the free electron laser. Humphries provides students with the critical skills necessary for the problem-solving insights unique to collective physics problems. 1990 edition.
Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction (Optical Sciences and Applications of Light #1)
by Timothy R. GrovesCharged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction identifies the most important concepts of charged particle optics theory, and derives each mathematically from the first principles of physics. Assuming an advanced undergraduate-level understanding of calculus, this book follows a logical progression, with each concept building upon the preceding one. Beginning with a non-mathematical survey of the optical nature of a charged particle beam, the text:Discusses both geometrical and wave optics, as well as the correspondence between themDescribes the two-body scattering problem, which is essential to the interaction of a fast charged particle with matterIntroduces electron emission as a practical consequence of quantum mechanicsAddresses the Fourier transform and the linear second-order differential equationIncludes problems to amplify and fill in the theoretical details, with solutions presented separatelyCharged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction makes an ideal textbook as well as a convenient reference on the theoretical origins of the optics of charged particle beams. It is intended to prepare the reader to understand the large body of published research in this mature field, with the end result translated immediately to practical application.
Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Consequences with Applications
by A. Mozumder Y. HatanoCharged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter offers in-depth perspectives on phenomena of ionization and excitation induced by charged particle and photon interactions with matter in vivo and in vitro. This reference probes concepts not only in radiation and photochemistry, but also in radiation physics, radiation biochemistry, and radiatio
Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Recent Advances, Applications, and Interfaces
by A. Mozumder Yoshihiko Hatano Yosuke KatsumuraBuilding on Mozumder's and Hatano's Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Consequences with Applications (CRC Press, 2004), Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Recent Advances, Applications, and Interfaces expands upon the scientific contents of the previous volume by cover
Charged Up: The Story Of Electricity (Science Works)
by Jacqui BaileyDescribes how electrical energy is generated in power stations and how it travels through pylons, power cables, and wires into people's homes.
Chariots for Apollo: The NASA History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft to 1969 (Dover Books on Astronomy)
by Loyd S. Swenson Jr. Courtney G. Brooks James M. GrimwoodMillions around the world watched as the Apollo 11 astronauts "came in peace for all mankind" to take humanity's first steps on the moon. Their mission's triumph was equally attributable to a less visible crew of nearly 400,000 people in hundreds of different organizations. This official NASA history reveals the human story behind an epic achievement. Written by a trio of experts, it chronicles the engineering and management contributions to the success of Project Apollo, starting with the creation of NASA itself and tracing the design and development of the project's spacecraft and lunar vehicles as well as their operation in space.Refreshingly free of jargon and technical language, this accessible account focuses on the coordination of efforts behind the production of the Apollo service, command, and lunar modules. It covers three phases of spacecraft evolution: defining and designing the necessary vehicles; developing and qualifying them for the task; and operating them to achieve their objectives. The authors conducted numerous interviews with the project's participants and relied heavily on NASA's extensive archives. In addition to several appendixes, the text is supplemented with more than 100 photographs and illustrations that recapture the efforts of the dedicated team of thousands who reached for the moon.
Charles Darwin
by David C. KingEven as a young boy, Charles Darwin loved investigating the natural world. His father feared that Charles would never be a doctor or clergyman, and he was right. Darwin the passionate amateur became a full-fledged scientist, and over the next 20 years he gathered evidence for a theory of evolution that would change the world forever.
Charles Darwin
by Kathleen KrullAll his life, Charles Darwin hated controversy. Yet he takes his place among the Giants of Science for what remains an immensely controversial subject: the theory of evolution. Darwin began piecing together his explanation for how all living things change or adapt during his five-year voyage on HMS Beagle. But it took him twenty years to go public, for fear of the backlash his theory would cause. Once again, Kathleen Krull delivers a witty and astute picture of one of history's greatest scientists. .
Charles Darwin (SparkNotes Biography Guide)
by SparkNotesCharles Darwin (SparkNotes Biography Guide) Making the reading experience fun! SparkNotes Biography Guides examine the lives of historical luminaries, from Alexander the Great to Virginia Woolf. Each biography guide includes:An examination of the historical context in which the person lived A summary of the person&’s life and achievements A glossary of important terms, people, and events An in-depth look at the key epochs in the person&’s career Study questions and essay topics A review test Suggestions for further reading Whether you&’re a student of history or just a student cramming for a history exam, SparkNotes Biography guides are a reliable, thorough, and readable resource.
Charles Darwin - Leben und Werk: Würdigung eines großen Naturforschers und kritische Betrachtung seiner Lehre
by Wolfgang SchaumannVor 200 Jahren wurde einer der größten und bis heute umstrittenen Naturforscher geboren: Charles Darwin. Der Autor Wolfgang Schaumann schildert in seiner kritischen Würdigung von Darwins Lebenswerk historische und höchst aktuelle Auseinandersetzungen mit Darwins revolutionärer Theorie zur Evolution der Arten, die erstmals im Jahre 1859 von ihm veröffentlicht wurde. In einem Spannungsbogen, der sich über 150 Jahre hinzieht, lässt Schaumann den Leser miterleben, wie Darwins revolutionäre Theorie allen gegen sie vorgebrachten Argumenten getrotzt hat und sich gegen sämtliche Alternativtheorien immer wieder durchsetzen konnte. Spannend und lehrreich zugleich!
Charles Darwin and the Question of Evolution: A Brief History With Documents
by Sandra HerbertThe publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859 is widely regarded as a turning point in knowledge of the natural world. But Darwin's theory of natural selection was not developed in a vacuum; rather, it represents the culmination of an enormous shift in scientific and popular opinion on the subject of species mutability from the late eighteenth century onward. Through her insightful introduction and engaging collection of documents, Sandra Herbert examines this era of scientific thought and the startling discoveries that led Darwin and others to the conclusion that life has evolved. A wide range of documents from over a dozen authors -- including letters, illustrations, scientific tracts, and excerpts from Darwin's own notebooks and On the Origin of Species -- offer a fascinating glimpse into this crucial era of scientific thought. Thoughtful document headnotes, questions for consideration, a chronology, and a selected bibliography provide students with additional context and pedagogical support.
Charles Darwin and the Voyage of the Beagle
by Ruth AshbyIn 1831, young adventurer and nature enthusiast Charles Darwin set sail on a remarkable five-year voyage that changed the study of biology forever.Award-winning author Ruth Ashby shares the story of Darwin's famous journey aboard the British navy ship, the Beagle, which led to the development of his theories of evolution and natural selection.This lively account follows the naturalist's exciting trip around the world—through seasickness, a life-threatening illness, and even an earthquake—as he explores South America, the Cape Verde Islands, Tahiti, and the Galapagos Islands. During his travels, Darwin meets Indigenous peoples and carefully collects and catalogs plants, fossils, birds, mammals, and insects. Darwin's observations of the distribution and diversity of plant and animal life ultimately leads to the development of his theories on evolution.Readers will be inspired by Darwin's transformation from talented but mediocre schoolboy into a remarkable scientist as they read about the revolutionary voyage that forever changed the world of biology.
Charles Darwin's Around The World Adventure
by Jennifer ThermesIn 1831, Charles Darwin embarked on his first voyage. Though he was a scientist by profession, he was an explorer at heart. While journeying around South America for the first time aboard a ninety-foot-long ship named the Beagle, Charles collected insets, dug up bones, galloped with gauchos, encountered volcanoes and earthquakes, and even ate armadillo for breakfast! The discoveries he made during this adventure would later inspire ideas that changed how we see the world. <p><p> Complete with mesmerizing map work that charts Darwin's thrilling five-year voyage, as well as "Fun Facts" and more, Charles Darwin's Around-the-World Adventure captures the beauty and mystery of nature with wide-eyed wonder.
Charles Darwin's Incomplete Revolution: The Origin of Species and the Static Worldview (Evolutionary Biology – New Perspectives on Its Development #1)
by Richard G. DelisleThis book offers a thorough reanalysis of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species, which for many people represents the work that alone gave rise to evolutionism. Of course, scholars today know better than that. Yet, few resist the temptation of turning to the Origin in order to support it or reject it in light of their own work. Apparently, Darwin fills the mythical role of a founding figure that must either be invoked or repudiated. The book is an invitation to move beyond what is currently expected of Darwin's magnum opus. Once the rhetorical varnish of Darwin's discourses is removed, one discovers a work of remarkably indecisive conclusions. The book comprises two main theses: (1) The Origin of Species never remotely achieved the theoretical unity to which it is often credited. Rather, Darwin was overwhelmed by a host of phenomena that could not fit into his narrow conceptual framework. (2) In the Origin of Species, Darwin failed at completing the full conversion to evolutionism. Carrying many ill-designed intellectual tools of the 17th and 18th centuries, Darwin merely promoted a special brand of evolutionism, one that prevented him from taking the decisive steps toward an open and modern evolutionism. It makes an interesting read for biologists, historians and philosophers alike.
Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species
by Sabina RadevaA picture book adaptation of Charles Darwin's groundbreaking On the Origin of Species, lushly illustrated and told in accessible and engaging easy-to-understand text for young readers.On the Origin of Species revolutionized our understanding of the natural world. Now young readers can discover Charles Darwin's groundbreaking theory of evolution for themselves in this stunning picture-book adaptation that uses stylish illustrations and simple text to introduce how species form, develop, and change over time.
Charles Darwin: Destroyer of Myths
by Andrew NormanCharles Darwin did not deliberately set out to be the "destroyer of mythical beliefs," some of which, in his early days as a young Christian, he had previously espoused. He was a modest man who liked to avoid controversy of any kind, yet paradoxically, he was to be the cause of the greatest controversy in the history of science and religion.When Darwin embarked on the HMS Beagle in late December 1831, bound for the southern hemisphere, he could not have imagined that the experience would lead him to formulate a theory which would totally revolutionize the way in which we viewed the natural world. He did not come to his conclusions about the origin and evolution of all life on Earth quickly, though, for just as the living organisms to which his theory applied had evolved over millions of years, so his thinking evolved as his own life progressed.How did this thoughtful, methodical scientist come to have such an impact on his time-and on ours? These questions and more are what Andrew Norman seeks to answer in this biography of the author of The Origin of Species.
Charles Darwin: Die Entstehung der Arten
by Paul Wrede Saskia WredeDas grundlegende Werk von Darwin On the Origin of Species liegt hier in der originalen Übersetzung durch Julius Victor Carus vor, erweitert durch zahlreiche Erläuterungen, aussagekräftige Abbildungen sowie wichtige historische Bezüge. Die Entstehung der Arten von Darwin ist für die heutige Leserschaft häufig schwierig zu verstehen. Eine hilfreiche Unterstützung erfolgt durch die farbliche Hervorhebung entscheidender Textstellen und viele fachliche Erklärungen. Darwins Analysen und Bewertungen aus den Gebieten der Botanik, Zoologie, Verhaltenslehre, Paläontologie und Entwicklungsbiologie werden in acht Beiträgen namhafter Fachwissenschaftler im Licht der gegenwärtigen Forschung beleuchtet und so wird erst die ungeheure Bedeutung und Weitsicht seines Werkes offensichtlich. Endlich liegen jetzt die Übersetzungen der beiden ebenso bahnbrechenden Aufsätze von Alfred Russel Wallace vor: der Sarawak- und Ternate-Essay. Wallace war neben Darwin der bedeutendste Evolutionsforscher seiner Zeit. Seine Arbeiten zur Evolutionsbiologie, die im Angelsächsischen hoch geschätzt sind, können als durchaus gleichrangig zu Darwins berühmtester Schrift angesehen werden. Ulrich Kutschera eröffnet das Buch mit einem Geleitwort und Reinhold Leinfelder schließt es mit einem Ausblick zur Bedeutung der Evolutionstheorie für die Zukunft des Menschen ab. Das Buch ist daher nicht nur eine unverzichtbare Lernhilfe für Schüler und Studenten, die sich mit der Evolutionsbiologie beschäftigen, sondern zusätzlich auch eine spannende weiterführende Lektüre für alle Leser mit Interesse an Wissenschaftsgeschichte.
Charles Darwin: Evolution and Natural Selection
by Charles Darwin Bert James Loewenberg"On the twenty-fourth of November, 1859, the London publishing house of John Murray issued a small green-backed volume. The volume was entitled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.1 Charles Robert Darwin, the author, was a scientist who had written on geological and zoological topics with monographic competence. He had also written an interesting travel account which had reached a much wider public. As a naturalist on H. M. S. Beagle, an admiralty vessel engaged in a routine survey, he had reported findings in many areas of natural history and had also recorded his experiences in foreign lands." -opening paragraph