- Table View
- List View
Combating Climate Change: An Agricultural Perspective
by Manjit S. Kang Surinder S. BangaThe effects of climate change can already be felt around the world, and they will likely impact all facets of human civilization-from health, livelihood security, agricultural production, and shelter to international trade. Since anthropogenic factors are mainly to blame for the current trends in global warming, human intervention will be necessary
Combating Desertification in Asia, Africa and the Middle East: Proven practices
by Victor R. Squires G. Ali HeshmatiThis book is about the 'how' of desertification control as opposed to an analysis of the 'why' and fills a gap in the desertification-related literature in that it shows what to do in situations ranging from fixing mobile sands to arresting accelerated soil erosion in sloping lands. There are numerous illustrations to show the successful techniques. This compilation demonstrates that desertification and land degradation can be controlled and reversed with existing techniques in such widely varying environments as the Sahel of Africa to Sri Lanka and the Philippines in SE Asia, from mountains in Lesotho to low lands on desert margins in Mongolia. Proven approaches include technical interventions, changes in governance and to the legislative framework and policy reform. The book fills a gap in the desertification-related literature in that it shows what to do in situations ranging from fixing mobile sands to arresting accelerated soil erosion in sloping lands.
Combating Fungal Infections: Problems and Remedy
by Iqbal Ahmad Mohammed Shahid Farrukh Aqil Mohammad OwaisThe currently available means of combating fungal infections are weak and clumsy. The application of fungal genomics offers an unparalleled opportunity to develop novel antifungal drugs. Interestingly, several novel antifungal drug targets have already been identified and validated. However, it is premature to expect a novel antifungal agent in clinical setting as drug discovery programs are still in their infancy. In addition to classical and genomic approaches to drug discovery, treasure trove based on natural products and phytomedicine can provide a multitude of alternative modes of combating fungal infection. This book incisively addresses essential topics on various aspects pertaining to fungal diseases in human and animals, their reservoir, fungal pathogenesis, their management and recent advances in their treatment. Issues of antifungal drug toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity, are also discussed. The development of resistance in fungal pathogens, including multidrug resistance and its mechanism, is dealt with in two chapters. Diverse diagnostic approaches to fungal infections are also reviewed. The combinational drug strategies used in combating invasive fungal infections are addressed in detail. The management of pulmonary mycoses in stem cell transplantation is also given special focus. Novel antifungal drugs (synthetic and herbal), fungal vaccines, and metabolic pathways as drug targets are discussed in detail in three different chapters. Subsequently the roles of innate immunity, cytokine therapy and immunomodulators in the treatment of fungal infections are elaborated upon. As novel drug delivery systems have a great potential for modifying the pharmacokinetics of medications, the last chapter takes this fact into consideration in its examination of state-of-the-art delivery systems in controlling fungal infections.
Combating Global Warming: The Role of Crop Wild Relatives for Food Security (Springer Climate)
by Kodoth Prabhakaran NairThis book critically examines the environmental hazards posed by global warming with regard to future food security, which will depend on a combination of stresses, both biotic and abiotic, imposed by climate change; variability of weather within a growing season; and the development of cultivars that are more sensitive to different ambient conditions. Furthermore, the ability to develop effective adaptive strategies which allow these cultivars to express their genetic potential under changing climate conditions will be essential. In turn, the book investigates those plant species which are very closely related to field crops and have the potential to contribute beneficial traits for crop improvement, e.g. resistance to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses, enriching the gene pool, and ultimately leading to enhanced plant yield, known as “Crop Wild Relatives” (CWRs). CWRs hold tremendous potential to sustain and enhance global food security, contributing to human well-being. Accordingly, their development, characterization and conservation in crop breeding programs have assumed great practical importance.Professor Kodoth Prabhakaran Nair is an internationally acclaimed agricultural scientist, with over three decades of experience in Europe, Africa and Asia, holding some of the most prestigious academic positions, including the National Chair of the Science Foundation, The Royal Society, Belgium. A Senior Fellow of the world renowned Alexander von Humboldt Research Foundation of The Federal Republic of Germany, he is best known, globally, for having developed a revolutionary soil management technique, known as "The Nutrient Buffer Power Concept", which, while questioning the scientific fallacies of the highly soil extractive farming, euphemistically known as the "green revolution", has opened up an alternative path for sensible and scientific soil management
Combating Human Trafficking: A Multidisciplinary Approach
by Michael J. PalmiottoApproaching the topic from a law enforcement perspective, this volume provides an unprecedented look at the investigation of human trafficking in America. Beginning with historical, sociological, and psychological perspectives, the book discusses how authorities can best conduct an investigation of trafficking. It reviews federal agencies responsible for confronting the problem, examines relevant laws and legal trends, and discusses law enforcement awareness and training. An ideal resource for police investigators, police training, and community outreach organizations, the book is also suitable as a college text for criminal justice courses.
Combating Plastic Pollution in Terrestrial Environment: Challenges and Strategies for a Sustainable Future
by Kandiah Pakeerathan S. Suriyanarayanan Shivaraju H. P.This book explores the challenges posed by plastic pollution in terrestrial environment and focuses on the reuse of plastic waste for sustainable practices, as well as the challenges and innovative approaches to combat the growing plastic crisis. This book is intended for a diverse audience including researchers, policymakers, environmental professionals, educators, technocrats, and researchers/students interested in advancing knowledge and action on plastic pollution in terrestrial environment. 27 chapters included in the book are contributed by scientists, researchers and policymakers from 12 countries, namely Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Iraq, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan.
Combating Water Scarcity in Southern Africa: Case Studies from Namibia (SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science)
by Josephine Phillip MsangiThis book offers a close examination of water scarcity as a developmental challenge facing member nations of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the interventions that have been implemented to combat the situation and the challenges still outstanding. The first chapter paints the backdrop of the water scarcity problem, reviewing historical approaches from the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro to the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002) to the United Nations Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development (2012), and recapping principles and agreements reached during and after these conferences. Chapter two examines the Southern Africa region's efforts to combat water scarcity including principles, policies and strategies and the responsibility of each member to implement them. Written by the editor, J.P. Msangi, the chapter describes Namibia's efforts to ensure management of scarce water. Beyond enacting management and pollution control regulations and raising public awareness, Namibia encourages research to ensure attainment of the requirements of both the SADC Protocol and its own water scarcity management laws. The next three chapters offer Namibia-based case studies on impacts of pollution on water treatment; on the effects of anthropogenic activities on water quality and on the effects of water transfers from dams upstream of Von Bach dam. The final chapter provides detailed summaries of the issues discussed in the book, highlighting conclusions and offering recommendations. Combating Water Scarcity in Southern Africa synthesizes issues pertinent to the SADC countries as well as to other regions, and offers research that up to now has not been conducted in Namibia.
Combination Products: Regulatory Challenges and Successful Product Development
by Venky Gopalaswamy Smita GopalaswamyThe field of combination product development (products born of the integration of medical devices, biologics, and drugs) is so new that, while literature abounds on each part individually, there are very few publications, including FDA documents, available concerning the unique challenges posed by this nascent but fast-growing area. Providing
Combination Therapy In Dyslipidemia
by Maciej BanachComprising contributions from leading lipidologists from around the world, this book presents the latest and most comprehensive knowledge on the different options for combination therapy of dyslipidemia and includes discussion of future therapies that are currently in late stages of clinical evaluation. Dyslipidemia is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and most patients with this condition fail to achieve adequate control of their serum lipid levels with monotherapy. However, recent US and European guideline recommendations, based on randomized, controlled trials, fail to discuss combination therapy options for patients with dyslipidemia. Statins remain the mainstay of drug therapy for hyperlipidemia and chapters in this book specifically examine the role of add-on therapy with different agents modulating the different lipid fractions in the blood, e. g. bile acid sequestrants, fibric acid derivatives (fibrates), omega-3 fatty acids (fish oils), inhibitors of Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), apolipoprotein B-100 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and the emerging proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. There is additional discussion of the role of non-drug therapy options such as nutraceuticals, functional foods and lipoprotein apheresis. The book also discusses the combination of antihypertensive drugs with lipid-lowering drugs in the management of cardiovascular risk in patents with dyslipidemia.
Combinatorial Aspects of Scattering Amplitudes: Amplituhedra, T-duality, and Cluster Algebras (Springer Theses)
by Matteo ParisiThis book is a significant contribution within and across High Energy Physics and Algebraic Combinatorics. It is at the forefront of the recent paradigm shift according to which physical observables emerge from geometry and combinatorics. It is the first book on the amplituhedron, which encodes the scattering amplitudes of N=4 Yang-Mills theory, a cousin of the theory of strong interactions of quarks and gluons. Amplituhedra are generalizations of polytopes inside the Grassmannian, and they build on the theory of total positivity and oriented matroids. This book unveils many new combinatorial structures of the amplituhedron and introduces a new important related object, the momentum amplituhedron. Moreover, the work pioneers the connection between amplituhedra, cluster algebras and tropical geometry. Combining extensive introductions with proofs and examples, it is a valuable resource for researchers investigating geometrical structures emerging from physics for some time to come.
Combinatorial Chemistry and Technologies: Methods and Applications, Second Edition
by Giorgio Fassina Stanislav MiertusSeveral books on the market cover combinatorial techniques, but they offer just a limited perspective of the field, focusing on selected aspects without examining all approaches and integrated technologies. Combinatorial Chemistry and Technologies: Methods and Applications answers the demand for a complete overview of the field, covering all of the
Combinatorial Computational Biology of RNA: Pseudoknots and Neutral Networks
by Christian ReidysIn this monograph, new combinatorial and computational approaches in the study of RNA structures are presented which enhance both mathematics and computational biology. It begins with an introductory chapter, which motivates and sets the background of this research. In the following chapter, all the concepts are systematically developed. The reader will find * integration of more than forty research papers covering topics like, RSK-algorithm, reflection principle, singularity analysis and random graph theory * systematic presentation of the theory of pseudo-knotted RNA structures including their generating function, uniform generation as well as central and discrete limit theorems * computational biology of pseudo-knotted RNA structures, including dynamic programming paradigms and a new folding algorithm * analysis of neutral networks of pseudo knotted RNA structures and their random graph theory, including neutral paths, giant components and connectivity All algorithms presented are freely available through springer.com and implemented in C. A proofs section at the end contains the necessary technicalities. This book will serve graduate students and researchers in the fields of discrete mathematics, mathematical and computational biology. It is suitable as a textbook for a graduate course in mathematical and computational biology.
Combinatorial Kalman Filter and High Level Trigger Reconstruction for the Belle II Experiment (Springer Theses)
by Nils BraunCombinatorial Kalman filters are a standard tool today for pattern recognition and charged particle reconstruction in high energy physics. In this thesis the implementation of the track finding software for the Belle II experiment and first studies on early Belle II data are presented. The track finding algorithm exploits novel concepts such as multivariate track quality estimates to form charged trajectory hypotheses combining information from the Belle II central drift chamber with the inner vertex sub-detectors. The eventual track candidates show an improvement in resolution on the parameters describing their spatial and momentum properties by up to a factor of seven over the former legacy implementation. The second part of the thesis documents a novel way to determine the collision event null time T0 and the implementation of optimisation steps in the online reconstruction code, which proved crucial in overcoming the high level trigger limitations.
Combinatorial Library Design and Evaluation: Principles, Software, Tools, and Applications in Drug Discovery
by Arup Ghose Vellerkad ViswanadhanThis text traces developments in rational drug discovery and combinatorial library design with contributions from 50 leading scientists in academia and industry who offer coverage of basic principles, design strategies, methodologies, software tools and algorithms, and applications. It outlines the fundamentals of pharmacophore modelling and 3D Qua
Combinatorial Library Methods and Protocols: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #201)
by Lisa B. EnglishLisa English and a panel of expert chemical researchers have collected in Combinatorial Library Methods and Protocols a novel series of computational and laboratory methods for the design, synthesis, quality control, screening, and purification of just such combinatorial libraries. Here the reader will find cutting-edge techniques for the preparation of encoded combinatorial libraries, for the synthesis of DNA-binding polyamides, and for combinatorial receptors. There are also state-of-the-art methods for computational library design, quality control by mass spectrometry, and structure verification using 1D and 2D NMR.
Combinatorial Materials Synthesis
by Xiao-Dong Xiang Ichiro TakeuchiPioneered by the pharmaceutical industry and adapted for the purposes of materials science and engineering, the combinatorial method is now widely considered a watershed in the accelerated discovery, development, and optimization of new materials. Combinatorial Materials Synthesis reveals the gears behind combinatorial materials chemistry and thin-
Combinatorial Methods for Chemical and Biological Sensors (Integrated Analytical Systems)
by Vladimir M. Mirsky Radislav A. PotyrailoChemical sensors are in high demand for applications as varied as water pollution detection, medical diagnostics, and battlefield air analysis. Designing the next generation of sensors requires an interdisciplinary approach. The book provides a critical analysis of new opportunities in sensor materials research that have been opened up with the use of combinatorial and high-throughput technologies, with emphasis on experimental techniques. For a view of component selection with a more computational perspective, readers may refer to the complementary volume of Integrated Analytical Systems edited by M. Ryan et al., entitled "Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection".
Combinatorial Pattern Matching Algorithms in Computational Biology Using Perl and R (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computational Biology Series)
by Gabriel ValienteEmphasizing the search for patterns within and between biological sequences, trees, and graphs, Combinatorial Pattern Matching Algorithms in Computational Biology Using Perl and R shows how combinatorial pattern matching algorithms can solve computational biology problems that arise in the analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic
Combinatorial Peptide Library Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #87)
by Shmuel CabillyA valuable collection of new and unique techniques for the construction and use of peptide libraries. These powerful methods include protocols for the chemical synthesis of peptide libraries, for constructing peptide libraries that are displayed on the surface of filamentous phage or bacteria, and for the rapid screening of these libraries for molecules with biospecific properties. Additional methods permit identifying specific enzyme substrates, investigating the recognition spectra of various binding proteins, epitope mapping, and identifying mimotopes. State-of-the-art techniques, combined with clear step-by-step instructions, make this book an essential tool in the selection of peptides suitable for drug development.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Natural Product-Based Libraries
by Armen M. BoldiTraditionally, the search for new compounds from natural products has been a time- and resource-intensive process. The recent application of combinatorial methods and high-throughput synthesis has allowed scientists to generate a range of new molecular structures from natural products and observe how they interact with biological targets. Combinato
Combinatorial and High-Throughput Discovery and Optimization of Catalysts and Materials (Critical Reviews in Combinatorial Chemistry)
by Radislav A. Potyrailo Wilhelm F. MaierThe development of parallel synthesis and high-throughput characterization tools offer scientists a time-efficient and cost-effective solution for accelerating traditional synthesis processes and developing the structure-property relationships of multiple materials under variable conditions. Written by renowned contributors to the field, Combina
Combine Harvesters: Theory, Modeling, and Design
by Petre MiuFrom Basic Fundamentals to Advanced Design ApplicationsA culmination of the author's more than 20 years of research efforts, academic papers, and lecture notes, Combine Harvesters: Theory, Modeling, and Design outlines the key concepts of combine harvester process theory and provides you with a complete and thorough understanding of combine harvest
Combined Application of Physico-Chemical & Microbiological Processes for Industrial Effluent Treatment Plant
by Aditi Banerjee Maulin ShahIn recent decades, scientific insight into the chemistry of water has increased enormously, leading to the development of advanced wastewater and water purification technologies. However, the quality of freshwater resources has continually deteriorated worldwide, both in industrialized and developing countries. Although traditional wastewater technologies focus on the removal of suspended solids, nutrients and bacteria, hundreds of organic pollutants occur in wastewater and urban surface waters. These new pollutants are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not often monitored in the environment but have the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and / or human health effects. Collectively referred to as the "emerging contaminants," they are mostly derived from domestic use and occur in trace concentrations ranging from pico to micrograms per liter. Environmental contaminants are resistant to conventional wastewater treatment processes and most of them remain unaffected, leading to the contamination of the receiving water. As such, there is a need for advanced wastewater treatment process that is capable of removing environmental contaminants to ensure safe fresh water supplies. This book explains the biological and chemical wastewater treatment technologies. The biological wastewater treatment processes presented include: (1) bioremediation of wastewater such as aerobic and anaerobic treatment; (2) phytoremediation of wastewater using engineered wetlands, rhizofiltration, rhizodegradation, phytodegradation, phytoaccumulation, phytotransformation and hyperaccumulators; and (3) mycoremediation of wastewater. The chemical wastewater treatment processes discussed include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, neutralization, adsorption and disinfection. In addition, the book describes wastewater treatment plants in terms of plant size, layout and design as well as installation location. Also presenting the latest, innovative effluent water treatment processes, it is a valuable resource for biochemical and wastewater treatment engineers, environmental scientists and environmental microbiologists.
Combined Discrete and Continual Approaches in Biological Modelling (Biologically-Inspired Systems #16)
by Stanislav N. Gorb Alexander E. FilippovBasic laws of nature are rather simple, but observed biological structures and their dynamic behaviors are unbelievably complicated. This book is devoted to a study of this “strange” relationship by applying mathematical modeling to various structures and phenomena in biology, such as surface patterns, bioadhesion, locomotion, predator-prey behavior, seed dispersal, etc. and revealing a kind of self-organization in these phenomena. In spite of diversity of biological systems considered, two main questions are (1) what does self-organization in biology mean mathematically and (2) how one can apply this knowledge to generate new knowledge about behavior of particular biological system? We believe that this kind of “biomimetics” in computer will lead to better understanding of biological phenomena and possibly towards development of technical implications based on our modeling.
Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations: Initial Report
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesIn response to a request from the U.S. Army, a committee convened by the National Research Council (NRC) conducted the first in a sequence of studies evaluating the combined health effects of low-level exposure to two chemicals Army personnel are likely to be exposed to in firing tank weapons. The Army sought information on whether the two chemicals, hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, result in similar health impacts and should be assessed together when establishing exposure limits. Based on a review of the scientific literature, the report finds that the biochemical health impacts of the chemicals are similar and that the Army's proposed approach to setting exposure limits is appropriate. Because previous research has focused on high exposures, this initial NRC report recommends that futher neurological studies at low concentrations of exposure to the chemicals be conducted.