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Combinatorial Materials Synthesis
by Xiao-Dong Xiang Ichiro TakeuchiPioneered by the pharmaceutical industry and adapted for the purposes of materials science and engineering, the combinatorial method is now widely considered a watershed in the accelerated discovery, development, and optimization of new materials. Combinatorial Materials Synthesis reveals the gears behind combinatorial materials chemistry and thin-
Combinatorial Methods for Chemical and Biological Sensors (Integrated Analytical Systems)
by Vladimir M. Mirsky Radislav A. PotyrailoChemical sensors are in high demand for applications as varied as water pollution detection, medical diagnostics, and battlefield air analysis. Designing the next generation of sensors requires an interdisciplinary approach. The book provides a critical analysis of new opportunities in sensor materials research that have been opened up with the use of combinatorial and high-throughput technologies, with emphasis on experimental techniques. For a view of component selection with a more computational perspective, readers may refer to the complementary volume of Integrated Analytical Systems edited by M. Ryan et al., entitled "Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection".
Combinatorial Pattern Matching Algorithms in Computational Biology Using Perl and R (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computational Biology Series)
by Gabriel ValienteEmphasizing the search for patterns within and between biological sequences, trees, and graphs, Combinatorial Pattern Matching Algorithms in Computational Biology Using Perl and R shows how combinatorial pattern matching algorithms can solve computational biology problems that arise in the analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic
Combinatorial Peptide Library Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #87)
by Shmuel CabillyA valuable collection of new and unique techniques for the construction and use of peptide libraries. These powerful methods include protocols for the chemical synthesis of peptide libraries, for constructing peptide libraries that are displayed on the surface of filamentous phage or bacteria, and for the rapid screening of these libraries for molecules with biospecific properties. Additional methods permit identifying specific enzyme substrates, investigating the recognition spectra of various binding proteins, epitope mapping, and identifying mimotopes. State-of-the-art techniques, combined with clear step-by-step instructions, make this book an essential tool in the selection of peptides suitable for drug development.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Natural Product-Based Libraries
by Armen M. BoldiTraditionally, the search for new compounds from natural products has been a time- and resource-intensive process. The recent application of combinatorial methods and high-throughput synthesis has allowed scientists to generate a range of new molecular structures from natural products and observe how they interact with biological targets. Combinato
Combinatorial and High-Throughput Discovery and Optimization of Catalysts and Materials (Critical Reviews in Combinatorial Chemistry)
by Radislav A. Potyrailo Wilhelm F. MaierThe development of parallel synthesis and high-throughput characterization tools offer scientists a time-efficient and cost-effective solution for accelerating traditional synthesis processes and developing the structure-property relationships of multiple materials under variable conditions. Written by renowned contributors to the field, Combina
Combine Harvesters: Theory, Modeling, and Design
by Petre MiuFrom Basic Fundamentals to Advanced Design ApplicationsA culmination of the author's more than 20 years of research efforts, academic papers, and lecture notes, Combine Harvesters: Theory, Modeling, and Design outlines the key concepts of combine harvester process theory and provides you with a complete and thorough understanding of combine harvest
Combined Application of Physico-Chemical & Microbiological Processes for Industrial Effluent Treatment Plant
by Aditi Banerjee Maulin ShahIn recent decades, scientific insight into the chemistry of water has increased enormously, leading to the development of advanced wastewater and water purification technologies. However, the quality of freshwater resources has continually deteriorated worldwide, both in industrialized and developing countries. Although traditional wastewater technologies focus on the removal of suspended solids, nutrients and bacteria, hundreds of organic pollutants occur in wastewater and urban surface waters. These new pollutants are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not often monitored in the environment but have the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and / or human health effects. Collectively referred to as the "emerging contaminants," they are mostly derived from domestic use and occur in trace concentrations ranging from pico to micrograms per liter. Environmental contaminants are resistant to conventional wastewater treatment processes and most of them remain unaffected, leading to the contamination of the receiving water. As such, there is a need for advanced wastewater treatment process that is capable of removing environmental contaminants to ensure safe fresh water supplies. This book explains the biological and chemical wastewater treatment technologies. The biological wastewater treatment processes presented include: (1) bioremediation of wastewater such as aerobic and anaerobic treatment; (2) phytoremediation of wastewater using engineered wetlands, rhizofiltration, rhizodegradation, phytodegradation, phytoaccumulation, phytotransformation and hyperaccumulators; and (3) mycoremediation of wastewater. The chemical wastewater treatment processes discussed include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, neutralization, adsorption and disinfection. In addition, the book describes wastewater treatment plants in terms of plant size, layout and design as well as installation location. Also presenting the latest, innovative effluent water treatment processes, it is a valuable resource for biochemical and wastewater treatment engineers, environmental scientists and environmental microbiologists.
Combined Discrete and Continual Approaches in Biological Modelling (Biologically-Inspired Systems #16)
by Stanislav N. Gorb Alexander E. FilippovBasic laws of nature are rather simple, but observed biological structures and their dynamic behaviors are unbelievably complicated. This book is devoted to a study of this “strange” relationship by applying mathematical modeling to various structures and phenomena in biology, such as surface patterns, bioadhesion, locomotion, predator-prey behavior, seed dispersal, etc. and revealing a kind of self-organization in these phenomena. In spite of diversity of biological systems considered, two main questions are (1) what does self-organization in biology mean mathematically and (2) how one can apply this knowledge to generate new knowledge about behavior of particular biological system? We believe that this kind of “biomimetics” in computer will lead to better understanding of biological phenomena and possibly towards development of technical implications based on our modeling.
Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations: Initial Report
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesIn response to a request from the U.S. Army, a committee convened by the National Research Council (NRC) conducted the first in a sequence of studies evaluating the combined health effects of low-level exposure to two chemicals Army personnel are likely to be exposed to in firing tank weapons. The Army sought information on whether the two chemicals, hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, result in similar health impacts and should be assessed together when establishing exposure limits. Based on a review of the scientific literature, the report finds that the biochemical health impacts of the chemicals are similar and that the Army's proposed approach to setting exposure limits is appropriate. Because previous research has focused on high exposures, this initial NRC report recommends that futher neurological studies at low concentrations of exposure to the chemicals be conducted.
Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases: Including Gamma Correction Interpretation
by Yong-Whee BahkIn this fourth edition of Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases, the text has been thoroughly amended, updated, and partially rearranged to reflect the latest advances. In addition to discussing the role of pinhole imaging in the range of disorders previously covered, the new edition pays detailed attention to the novel diagnostic use of gamma correction pinhole bone scan in a broad spectrum of skeletal disorders. A large number of state of the art pinhole scans and corroborative CT, MRI, and/or ultrasound images are presented side by side. The book has been enlarged to encompass various new topics, including occult fractures; cervical sprain and whiplash trauma; bone marrow edema; microfractures of trabeculae; evident, gaping, and stress fractures; soft tissue diseases; and differential diagnosis. This new edition will be essential reading for practitioners and researchers in nuclear medicine, radiology, orthopedic surgery, and pathology.
Combined Stresses in Plants: Physiological, Molecular, and Biochemical Aspects
by Ramamurthy MahalingamThe unique responses of plants to combined stresses have been observed at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. This book provides an analysis of all three levels of change in various plants in response to different combinations of stresses. The text provides a general review of the combined stress paradigm, focuses on the impact of higher CO2 levels in combination with other stresses, examines drought stress in conjunction with other abiotic factors in different crop plants as well as the combination of biotic and abiotic factors, and discusses the impact of combined stresses in forest ecosystems. Written by experts in the field, Combined Stresses in Plants: Physiological, Molecular, and Biochemical Aspects is a valuable resource for scientists, graduate students, and post-doctoral fellows alike working in plant stresses.
Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study of Ice Behavior Under Shock and Explosive Loads (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Maxim Yu. Orlov Yulia N. OrlovaThe book presents theoretical and experimental studies of ice fracturing process during impact and explosion load. It shows how to obtain ice in natural and artificial conditions. The book summarizes the results of full-scale experiments for 5 years on undermining ice sheets with emulsion explosives. It presents an algorithm that simulates the process of fracturing of thick ice subjected to blast load, showing that the behavior of ice under impact and explosive loads can be described by a model of continuum mechanics. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of the ballistic perfomance of an ice cube after deep penetration low-velocity projectiles are reported in this book. Some pilot problems are formulated for a deeper understanding of the mechanics of ice fracturing during impact and explosion.
Combined Vibrator-Slot Structures: Theoretical Aspects and Applications (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #689)
by Victor A. Katrich Yuriy M. Penkin Sergey L. Berdnik Mikhail V. Nesterenko Oleksandr M. DuminThe book presents solutions to a complex of internal and external problems of electromagnetics associated with the development of theory, construction of mathematical models and the development of rigorous methods for calculating the electrodynamic characteristics of combined vibrator-slot structures. The solutions of problems for determining the characteristics of impedance vibrator and slot radiators with arbitrary geometric and electrophysical parameters presented in the monograph were obtained within the framework of the unified methodological approach to construct asymptotic solutions of integral equations on currents and their systems. This approach made it possible to study a number of new combined vibrator-slot structures. The research results reveal the possibilities of using such structures as basic elements in the creation of modern antenna-waveguide devices operating in the ranges from meter to millimeter wavelengths, with new technical characteristics and functional purpose. The book is intended for senior and postgraduate students and researchers working in the fields of radiophysics, radio engineering and antenna-feeder design.The book covers the following topics:• excitation of electromagnetic waves in volumes with coordinate boundaries;• general issues of the theory of thin impedance vibrators and narrow slots in a spatial-frequency representation;• solution of current equations for isolated vibrator and slot scatterers;• combined radiating vibrator-slot structures in rectangular waveguide;• T-junctions of rectangular waveguides with vibrator-slot structures in coupling areas;• waveguide radiation of the combined vibrator-slot structures;• combined vibrator-slot structures located on a perfectly conducting sphere;• combined vibrator-slot Radiators in antenna arrays;• ultrawideband vibrator-slot structures;
Combining Green-Blue-Grey Infrastructure for Flood Mitigation and Enhancement of Co-Benfits (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Alida I Alves BeloquiAn increment of urban flood risk in many areas around the globe is expected, accentuated due to climate change and urbanisation. Thus, appropriate flood risk management is crucial. Conventional approaches focus on grey infrastructure, which frequently do not address the root causes of risk. A change of paradigm is needed to develop effective adaptation strategies. Green-blue infrastructure (GBI) is a central concept to achieve adaptation to climate change. Its main strength is the ability to deliver multiple benefits. Although strong evidence exists demonstrating that GBI is a sustainable solution to reduce flooding, its adoption is still slow. Therefore, the objective of this research is to help decision-makers to adopt adaptation strategies to cope with flood risk while achieving other benefits. This study provides a framework which introduces co-benefits into decision-making for stormwater infrastructure planning. Besides, the multiple benefits are quantified and their impact on helping GBI implementation are evaluated. Finally, the effects of including co-benefits on the selection of flood mitigation strategies and the trade-offs among cost and benefits are assessed. This work contributes to enhance planning processes for flood mitigation combining green-blue-grey measures. It provides tools and knowledge to facilitate holistic decision-making, in order to ensure safe and liveable urban spaces for current and future conditions.
Combining Science And Metaphysics
by Matteo MorgantiOffering a new perspective on the debate concerning naturalism in philosophy, this book defends the autonomy of metaphysics while also making science centre stage. Three independent case studies provide a clear introduction to, and discussion of, key philosophical issues.
Combustible Solid Waste Thermochemical Conversion: A Study of Interactions and Influence Factors (Springer Theses)
by Hui ZhouThis book is written by Dr. Hui Zhou as a Ph. D. dissertation in Tsinghua University, China. It establishes the thermochemical characteristics of model compounds in combustible solid waste (CSW), and delineates the influence of different factors on the thermochemical characteristics and the influence interactions between model components have on the thermochemical characteristics. The works provide a theoretical basis for the clean and high-efficiency utilization of CSW as well as the basic knowledge for further understanding the thermochemical conversion mechanisms of complex fuels. Researchers and engineers in the field of thermal engineering and environmental engineering can benefit from the book.
Combustion
by Maximilian Lackner Árpád Palotás Franz WinterCombustion, the process of burning, is defined as a chemical reaction between a combustible reactant (the fuel) and an oxidizing agent (such as air) in order to produce heat and in most cases light while new chemical species (e.g., flue gas components) are formed. This book covers a gap on the market by providing a concise introduction to combustion. Most of the other books currently available are targeted towards the experienced users and contain too many details and/or contain knowledge at a fairly high level. This book provides a brief and clear overview of the combustion basics, suitable for beginners and then focuses on practical aspects, rather than theory, illustrated by a number of industrial applications as examples. The content is aimed to provide a general understanding of the various concepts, techniques and equipment for students at all level as well as practitioners with little or no prior experience in the field.The authors are all international experts in the field of combustion technology and adopt here a clear didactic style with many practical examples to cover the most common solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. The associated environmental impacts are also discussed so that readers can develop an understanding of the major issues and the options available for more sustainable combustion processes.With a foreword by Katharina Kohse-Höinghaus
Combustion Engineering
by Kenneth W. Ragland Kenneth Bryden Song-Charng KongCombustion Engineering, Third Edition introduces the analysis, design, and building of combustion energy systems. It discusses current global energy, climate, and air pollution challenges and considers the increasing importance of renewable energy sources, such as biomass fuels. Mathematical methods are presented, along with qualitative descriptions of their use, which are supported by numerous tables with practical data and formulae, worked examples, chapter-end problems, and updated references. The new edition features new and updated sections on solid biofuels, spark-ignition, compression-ignition, soot and black carbon formation, and current energy policies. Features include: Builds a strong foundation for design and engineering of combustion systems. Provides fully updated coverage of alternative and renewable fuel topics throughout the text. Features new and updated sections on solid biofuels, spark-ignition, compression-ignition, soot and black carbon formation, and current energy policies. Includes updated data and formulae, worked examples, and additional chapter-end problems. Includes a Solutions Manual and figures slides for adopting instructors. This text is intended for undergraduate and first-year graduate mechanical engineering students taking introductory courses in combustion. Practicing heating engineers, utility engineers, and engineers consulting in energy and environmental areas will find this book a useful reference.
Combustion Engines Development: Mixture Formation, Combustion, Emissions and Simulation
by Christian Schwarz Günter P. Merker Rüdiger TeichmannCombustion Engines Development nowadays is based on simulation, not only of the transient reaction of vehicles or of the complete driveshaft, but also of the highly unsteady processes in the carburation process and the combustion chamber of an engine. Different physical and chemical approaches are described to show the potentials and limits of the models used for simulation.
Combustion Optimization Based on Computational Intelligence (Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China)
by Hao Zhou Kefa CenThis book presents the latest findings on the subject of combustion optimization based on computational intelligence. It covers a broad range of topics, including the modeling of coal combustion characteristics based on artificial neural networks and support vector machines. It also describes the optimization of combustion parameters using genetic algorithms or ant colony algorithms, an online coal optimization system, etc. Accordingly, the book offers a unique guide for researchers in the areas of combustion optimization, NOx emission control, energy and power engineering, and chemical engineering.
Combustion Phenomena: Selected Mechanisms of Flame Formation, Propagation and Extinction
by Jozef Jarosinski Bernard VeyssiereExtensively using experimental and numerical illustrations, CombustionPhenomena: Selected Mechanisms of Flame Formation, Propagation, and Extinction provides a comprehensive survey of the fundamental processes of flame formation, propagation, and extinction.Taking you through the stages of combustion, leading experts visually display, mathematically explain, and clearly theorize on important physical topics of combustion. After a historical introduction to the field, they discuss combustion chemistry, flammability limits, and spark ignition. They also study counterflow twin-flame configuration, flame in a vortex core, the propagation characteristics of edge flames, instabilities, and tulip flames. In addition, the book describes flame extinction in narrow channels, global quenching of premixed flames by turbulence, counterflow premixed flame extinction limits, the interaction of flames with fluids in rotating vessels, and turbulent flames. The final chapter explores diffusion flames as well as combustion in spark- and compression-ignition engines. It also examines the transition from deflagration to detonation, along with the detonation wave structure. With downloadable resources of images that beautifully illustrate a range of combustion phenomena, this book facilitates a practical understanding of the processes occurring in the conception, spread, and extinguishment of a flame. It will help you on your way to finding solutions to real issues encountered in transportation, power generation, industrial processes, chemical engineering, and fire and explosion hazards.
Combustion Physics
by Chung K. LawThis graduate-level 2006 text incorporates these advances in a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental principles of combustion physics. The presentation emphasises analytical proficiency and physical insight, with the former achieved through complete, though abbreviated, derivations at different levels of rigor, and the latter through physical interpretations of analytical solutions, experimental observations, and computational simulations. Exercises are mostly derivative in nature in order to further strengthen the student's mastery of the theory. Implications of the fundamental knowledge gained herein on practical phenomena are discussed whenever appropriate. These distinguishing features provide a solid foundation for an academic program in combustion science and engineering.
Combustion Physics: Flames, Detonations, Explosions, Astrophysical Combustion and Inertial Confinement Fusion
by Michael A. LibermanThis book provides the latest achievements and original research work in physics of combustion processes and application of the methods developed in combustion physics for astrophysical problems of stars burning, supernovae explosions and a confined thermonuclear fusion. All the materials in the book are presented in a concise and easily accessible way, but at the same time provides a deep physical inside in the phenomena considered. It is an effective theoretical course with the direct practical implications in engineering fields of engine’s development, energy production, safety issues inherent to terrestrial combustion, as well as in thermonuclear combustion in the inertial fusion. This book is aimed at university students, Ph.D. students and engineers, as well as professionals in combustion, energy-related research, astrophysics and researchers in neighboring fields.
Combustion Science and Engineering (Applied and Computational Mechanics)
by Kalyan Annamalai Ishwar K. PuriWhile the basic concepts in any discipline may not vary, the problems it faces do change. Combustion Science and Engineering is for students and engineers who wish to understand combustion fundamentals and apply them to engineering problems. In several instances, the authors have included physical explanations along with the mathematical relations and equations so that the principles can be applied to solve real world combustion and pollution problems. The book contains an outline of the corpuscular aspects of thermodynamics and introduces the background related to combustion of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. Exercise problems, formulae, and tables appear at the end of text. Students embarking on their studies in chemical, mechanical, aerospace, energy, and environmental engineering will face continually changing combustion problems, such as pollution control and energy efficiency, throughout their careers.