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Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment
by Maria G. da Graca Carvalho Woodrow A. Fiveland F. C. Lockwood Christos PapadopoulosSelected Papers from the Proceedings of the First International Conference Vilamoura, Portugal, September 3-6, 1991. The 54 papers in this volume establish the first in a series of biannual benchmarks for technologies that maximize energy conversion while minimizing undesirable emissions. Covering the entire range of industrial and transport combustion as well as strategies for energy R&D, these contributions will be useful to mechanical and chemical engineers in academia and industry, and technical personnel in military, energy and environmental agencies of government. Among topics covered in the book are: strategies: now and in the future; pulverised coal combustion; oil combustion; gas combustion; gas fired systems, biomass combustion; fluidized bed combustion; incinerators; internal combustion; engines and reaction kinetics.
Combustion Technology: Essentials of Flames and Burners
by Vasudevan RaghavanThis textbook is intended for post-graduate students in mechanical and allied engineering disciplines. It will also be helpful to scientists and engineers working in the areas of combustion to recapitulate the fundamental and generally applied aspects of combustion. This textbook comprehensively covers the fundamental aspects of combustion. It includes physical descriptions of premixed and non-premixed flames. It provides a detailed analysis of the basic ideas and design characteristics of burners for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. A chapter on alternative renewable fuels has also been included to bring out the need, characteristics and usage of alternative fuels. Review questions have been provided at the end of each chapter which will help the students to evaluate their understanding of the important concepts covered in that chapter. Several standard text books have been cited in the chapters and are listed towards the end, as suggested reading, to enable the readers to refer them when required. The textbook will be useful for students in mechanical, aerospace and related fields of engineering. It will also be a good resource for professionals and researchers working in the areas of combustion technology.
Combustion Technology: Essentials of Flames and Burners (Ane/Athena Books)
by Vasudevan RaghavanA comprehensive review of the fundamentals aspects of combustion, covering fundamental thermodynamics and chemical kinetics through to practical burners. It provides a detailed analysis of the basic ideas and design characteristics of burners for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. End of chapter review questions help the reader to evaluate their understanding of both the fundamental as well as the application aspects. Furthermore, a chapter on alternative renewable fuels has been included to bring out the need, characteristics and usage of alternative fuels along with fossil fuels. A section on future trends in fuels and burners is also provided. Several key research articles have been cited in the text and listed in the references.
Combustion Theory (Ima Volumes In Mathematics And Its Applications Ser. #Vol. 35)
by Forman A. WilliamsCombustion Theory delves deeper into the science of combustion than most other texts and gives insight into combustions from a molecular and a continuum point of view. The book presents derivations of the basic equations of combustion theory and contains appendices on the background of subjects of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, fluid dynamics, and transport processes. Diffusion flames, reactions in flows with negligible transport and the theory of pre-mixed flames are treated, as are detonation phenomena, the combustion of solid propellents, and ignition, extinction, and flamibility pehnomena.
Combustion Thermodynamics and Dynamics
by Joseph M. PowersCombustion Thermodynamics and Dynamics builds on a foundation of thermal science, chemistry, and applied mathematics that will be familiar to most undergraduate aerospace, mechanical, and chemical engineers to give a first-year graduate-level exposition of the thermodynamics, physical chemistry, and dynamics of advection-reaction-diffusion. Special effort is made to link notions of time-independent classical thermodynamics with time-dependent reactive fluid dynamics. In particular, concepts of classical thermochemical equilibrium and stability are discussed in the context of modern nonlinear dynamical systems theory. The first half focuses on time-dependent spatially homogeneous reaction, while the second half considers effects of spatially inhomogeneous advection and diffusion on the reaction dynamics. Attention is focused on systems with realistic detailed chemical kinetics as well as simplified kinetics. Many mathematical details are presented, and several quantitative examples given. Topics include foundations of thermochemistry, reduced kinetics, reactive Navier–Stokes equations, reaction-diffusion systems, laminar flame, oscillatory combustion, and detonation.
Combustion for Material Synthesis
by Alexander S. Rogachev Alexander S. MukasyanThis book summarizes the state of the art in combustion synthesis of advanced materials. It is a first attempt to summarize and critically review in one monograph the mechanisms of combustion and product structure formation for a variety of systems, including nanosystems. The authors discuss a wide range of topics including phenomenology, theory, and modern in-situ experimental approaches to investigate the heterogeneous self-sustained reactions, as well as properties of the product synthesized, and methods for large-scale materials production.
Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation: Technology, Challenges and Prospects
by Ashok Pandey Avinash Kumar Agarwal Santanu De Akhilendra Pratap SinghThis research monograph presents both fundamental science and applied innovations on several key and emerging technologies involving fossil and alternate fuel utilization in power and transport sectors from renowned experts in the field. Some of the topics covered include: autoignition in laminar and turbulent nonpremixed flames; Langevin simulation of turbulent combustion; lean blowout (LBO) prediction through symbolic time series analysis; lasers and optical diagnostics for next generation IC engine development; exergy destruction study on small DI diesel engi≠ and gasoline direct injection. The book includes a chapter on carbon sequestration and optimization of enhanced oil and gas recovery. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals working on all aspects on combustion.
Come On!: Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet
by Anders Wijkman Ernst Ulrich von WeizsäckerCurrent worldwide trends are not sustainable. The Club of Rome’s warnings published in the book Limits to Growth are still valid. Remedies that are acceptable for the great majority tend to make things worse. We seem to be in a philosophical crisis. Pope Francis says it clearly: our common home is in deadly danger. Analyzing the philosophical crisis, the book comes to the conclusion that the world may need a “new enlightenment”; one that is not based solely on doctrine, but instead addresses a balance between humans and nature, as well as a balance between markets and the state, and the short versus long term. To do this we need to leave behind working in ”silos” in favor of a more systemic approach that will require us to rethink the organization of science and education.However, we have to act now; the world cannot wait until 7.6 billion people have struggled to reach a new enlightenment. This book is full of optimistic case studies and policy proposals that will lead us back to a trajectory of sustainability. But it is also necessary to address the taboo topic of population increase. Countries with a stable population fare immensely better than those with continued increase. Finally, we are presenting an optimistic book from the Club of Rome.
Come and Take It: The Gun Printer's Guide to Thinking Free
by Cody WilsonCody Wilson, a self-described crypto-anarchist and rogue thinker, combines the controversial yet thrilling story of the production of the first ever 3D printable gun with a startling philosophical manifesto that gets to the heart of the twenty-first century debate over the freedom of information and ideas.Reminiscent of the classic Steal This Book by Abbie Hoffman, Cody Wilson has written a unique, critical, and philosophical guide through the digital revolution. Deflecting interference from the State Department and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, the story of Defense Distributed--where Wilson's employees work against all odds to defend liberty and the right to access arms through the production of 3D printed firearms--takes us across continents, into dusty warehouses and high rise condominiums, through television studios, to the Texas desert, and beyond. Harkening to both Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance and The Anarchist Cookbook, Come and Take It follows a group of digital radicals as they navigate political subterfuge to create a technological miracle, against all odds. Combining elements of a modern-day thriller with a fascinating philosophical treatise, Wilson paints a scathing and timely portrait of an ideologically polarized America and his own struggle in the fight for liberty.
Comet
by Carl Sagan Ann DruyanWHAT ARE THESE GRACEFUL VISITORS TO OUR SKIES? WE NOW KNOW THAT THEY BRING BOTH LIFE AND DEATH AND TEACH US ABOUT OUR ORIGINS. Comet begins with a breathtaking journey through space astride a comet. Pulitzer Prize-winning astronomer Carl Sagan, author of Cosmos and Contact, and writer Ann Druyan explore the origin, nature, and future of comets, and the exotic myths and portents attached to them. The authors show how comets have spurred some of the great discoveries in the history of science and raise intriguing questions about these brilliant visitors from the interstellar dark. Were the fates of the dinosaurs and the origins of humans tied to the wanderings of a comet? Are comets the building blocks from which worlds are formed? Lavishly illustrated with photographs and specially commissioned full-color paintings, Comet is an enthralling adventure, indispensable for anyone who has ever gazed up at the heavens and wondered why. "SIMPLY THE BEST." *The Times of London "FASCINATING, EVOCATIVE, INSPIRING." *The Washington Post "COMET HUMANIZES SCIENCE. A BEAUTIFUL, INTERESTING BOOK." *United Press International "MASTERFUL . . . SCIENCE, POETRY, AND IMAGINATION." *The Atlanta Journal & Constitution
Comet Chaser: The True Cinderella Story of Caroline Herschel, the First Professional Woman Astronomer
by Pamela S. TurnerThe real-life Cinderella story of the very first professional woman astronomer—Caroline Herschel!Comet Chaser is the thrilling and beautifully illustrated biography of a woman who made a lifetime of incredible contributions to science. She was the first woman to discover a comet, the first officially recognized in a scientific role, and the first to be given a Gold Medal by the Royal Astronomical Society.In a day when girls were barely educated at all, Caroline Herschel's father taught her math and music . . . until, suddenly, he died. Her mother saw her as little more than a household servant. Caroline might have been doomed to a life of drudgery and dimness if not for her brother, who took her from Germany to England. There they started building telescopes in their free time, gradually making them larger and larger, and discovering new comets—even new planets! When the great astronomers of the day wondered how Caroline and her brother accomplished this and came to see for themselves, they found that the Herschels had made the best telescopes of their time.From household drudge to belle of the scientific ball, Caroline Herschel won international prizes never before awarded to a woman and earned a professional wage from the king. She and her discoveries remain as stunning today as they were then. Some of her calculations are still in use! In this delightfully imaginative retelling of Caroline's career, her fairy godmother is none other than her own bright intelligence, hard work, and passion for science.WOMEN IN STEM: Passion and persistence save the day and offer a wonderful model for girls seeking their way into science, technology, engineering, and math in this starry biography.AN EMPOWERING, TRUE CINDERELLA STORY: What a brilliant way of telling the story of an inspirational woman in science—as a true Cinderella story! Caroline must escape a humble life of drudgery, and with the magic of real science, she makes her own fairy-tale ending.BIOGRAPHY BOOK FOR KIDS: A great addition to classrooms and libraries, with fascinating examples of hands-on engineering, mathematics, and scientific study.INSPIRATIONAL GIFT: Inspire budding scientists of all kinds with this magical true story!Perfect for:Kids interested in science, space, or astronomyTeachers and librarians looking for excellent picture book biographies and nonfiction books about scienceGift givers hoping to inspire a love of STEM topicsFans of Hidden Figures, The Fire of Stars, and Ada Twist, Scientist
Comet, Revised
by Carl Sagan Ann DruyanWHAT ARE THESE GRACEFUL VISITORS TO OUR SKIES? WE NOW KNOW THAT THEY BRING BOTH LIFE AND DEATH AND TEACH US ABOUT OUR ORIGINS.Comet begins with a breathtaking journey through space astride a comet. Pulitzer Prize-winning astronomer Carl Sagan, author of Cosmos and Contact, and writer Ann Druyan explore the origin, nature, and future of comets, and the exotic myths and portents attached to them. The authors show how comets have spurred some of the great discoveries in the history of science and raise intriguing questions about these brilliant visitors from the interstellar dark.Were the fates of the dinosaurs and the origins of humans tied to the wanderings of a comet? Are comets the building blocks from which worlds are formed?Lavishly illustrated with photographs and specially commissioned full-color paintings, Comet is an enthralling adventure, indispensable for anyone who has ever gazed up at the heavens and wondered why."SIMPLY THE BEST." *The Times of London"FASCINATING, EVOCATIVE, INSPIRING." *The Washington Post"COMET HUMANIZES SCIENCE. A BEAUTIFUL, INTERESTING BOOK." *United Press International"MASTERFUL . . . SCIENCE, POETRY, AND IMAGINATION." *The Atlanta Journal & ConstitutionFrom the Trade Paperback edition.
Cometas y meteoros: Comets and Meteors: Shooting Through Space (Inside Outer Space)
by Chana StiefelWhat has a head, two tails, and shoots across the sky? A comet. Coming from the far edges of the solar system, most comets travel around the Sun, while meteors appear as flashing streaks of light in the night sky. Explore these amazing celestial wonders as they zip through space! This book looks at the difference between comets and meteors and their effects on Earth. The physical characteristics of each are identified in detail. This book won’t come crashing down! It’s filled with fun facts that give additional information on this exciting science topic. This book allows students to use observations of the Sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted.
Comete: Astri insoliti, affascinanti e imprevedibili ma anche potenzialmente pericolosi
by Walter FerreriTra i fenomeni celesti più affascinanti, occupano un posto d'onore le eclissi totali del Sole e l'apparizione delle grandi comete. Mentre le eclissi sono eventi rari per una singola località - mediamente una ogni 60-70 anni in Italia, dalla superficie di circa 300 mila km quadrati - le comete si manifestano più frequentemente, con una grande cometa visibile da gran parte del pianeta, circa ogni dieci anni. Questi eventi offrono a chiunque l'opportunità di assistere a uno dei più straordinari spettacoli astronomici. Questo libro, scritto in modo chiaro e accessibile, esplora non solo le meraviglie attuali delle comete, ma ripercorre anche la storia della loro comprensione, dai miti dell'antichità alle superstizioni del Medioevo, fino alle scoperte scientifiche moderne. Una narrazione che svela come la scienza abbia trasformato ciò che un tempo era considerato pura fantascienza: oggi, le comete sono esplorate da navicelle spaziali. Inoltre, il volume affronta un tema cruciale: sebbene le comete possano incantarci con i loro spettacoli, rappresentano anche potenziali minacce per la nostra civiltà. Scoprite come queste straordinarie creature del cielo continuano a influenzare il nostro mondo, tra bellezza e rischio.
Cometography
by Gary W. David A. J. Kronk Maik Meyer SeargentCometography is a catalog of every comet observed throughout history. It is the most complete and comprehensive collection of data on comets available. Cometography comes in four sequential volumes and this, the first, covers ancient times through to the end of the eighteenth century. Cometography uses the most reliable orbits known to determine all the key parameters of each well observed comet. Cometography also provides non-technical details to help the reader understand how the comet may have influenced various cultures at the time of its appearance. All the information in Cometography has been sourced directly from the original documents, including European monastic histories, Roman, Greek and Muslim texts, Chinese, Japanese and Korean scripts. In many cases, dates of important historical events can be corrected based on the appearance of a comet. In this way, Cometography will be valuable to historians of science as well as providing amateur and professional astronomers with a definitive reference on comets through the ages.
Comets And Their Origin
by Uwe MeierhenrichDivided into two parts, the first four chapters of Comets and their Origin refer to comets and their formation in general, describing cometary missions, comet remote observations, astrochemistry, artificial comets, and the chirality phenomenon.The second part covers the cometary Rosetta mission, its launch, journey, scientific objectives, and instrumentations, as well as the landing scenario on a cometary nucleus. Along the way, the author presents general questions concerning the origin of terrestrial water and the molecular beginnings of lifeon Earth, as well as how the instruments used on a space mission like Rosetta can help answer them. The text concludes with a chapter on what scientists expect from the Rosetta mission and how its data will influence our life on Earth.As a result, the author elucidates highly topical and fascinating knowledge to scientists and students of various scientific backgrounds, allowing them to work with Rosetta's data.
Comets and How to Observe Them (Astronomers' Observing Guides)
by Richard Schmude Jr.Comets have inspired wonder, excitement and even fear ever since they were first observed. But they are important members of the solar system, that contain material from early in the life of the system, held in deep-freeze. This makes them key in our understanding of the formation and evolution of many Solar System bodies. Recent ground- and space-based observations have changed much in our understanding of comets. Comets, and How to Observe Them gives a summary of our current knowledge and describes how amateur astronomers can contribute to the body of scientific knowledge of comets. This book contains many practical examples of how to construct comet light-curves, measure how fast a comet's coma expands, and determine the rotation period of the nucleus. All these examples are illustrated with drawings and photographs. Because of their unpredictable nature comets are always interesting and sometime spectacular objects to observe and image. The second part of the book therefore takes the reader through the key observing techniques that can be used with commercially available modern observing equipment, from basic observations to more scientific measurements.
Comets!
by David J. EicherJoin David J. Eicher in this fast-paced and entertaining journey through the history, present, and future of these important yet mysterious cosmic bodies. From ancient times, humans have been fascinated by 'broom stars' and 'blazing scimitars' lighting up the sky and moving against the fixed background of stars. The Great Comets of our time still receive in-depth attention - ISON, Hale-Bopp, Hyakutake, West, and others - while recent spacecraft encounters offer amazing insight into the earliest days of the solar system. In this guide you will discover the cutting-edge science of what comets are, how they behave, where they reside, how groups of comets are related, and much more. The author carefully explores the ideas relating comets and life on Earth - and the danger posed by impacts. He finishes with practical, how-to techniques, tips, and tricks on how to successfully observe comets and even to capture your own images of them.
Comets, Asteroids and Meteorites
by Cynthia Pratt NicolsonLong ago, people observed comets, asteroids and meteorites with wonder and fear. What were these unusual rocks that dropped from the sky, strange lights that flashed and glowed, and craters that dented the ground? Today scientists continue their quest to learn more about these amazing -- and sometimes dangerous -- space rocks. The sixth book in the popular Starting with Space series features NASA photos of these space phenomena, including close-up glimpses from space probes such as Galileo.
Comets, Asteroids, and Meteorites (Planet Guides)
by Duncan BrewerWhat is the difference between a meteor and a meteorite? What is the difference between an asteroid and a meteoroid? What causes the tails of comets. Where do comets come from? What causes a meteor to try to collide with the earth? Learn the answers to these and many other questions in this fact filled book on Comets, Asteroids, and Meteorites. This book designed for middle school students but enjoyable by anyone interested in astronomy and how the universe is set up will find something interesting in this short, but fact filled book.
Comets, Meteors, And Asteroids
by Seymour SimonWhether they appear as distant specks in an astronomer's telescope or shoot brilliantly across the evening sky, comets, meteors, and asteroids have fascinated sky gazers throughout history. But where do these racing celestial bodies come from, and what can they teach us about our universe? Join Seymour Simon for a look at the fiery mystery and wild wonder of these luminous bodies of night.
Comets, Popular Culture, and the Birth of Modern Cosmology
by Sara SchechnerIn a lively investigation into the boundaries between popular culture and early-modern science, Sara Schechner presents a case study that challenges the view that rationalism was at odds with popular belief in the development of scientific theories. Schechner Genuth delineates the evolution of people's understanding of comets, showing that until the seventeenth century, all members of society dreaded comets as heaven-sent portents of plague, flood, civil disorder, and other calamities. Although these beliefs became spurned as "vulgar superstitions" by the elite before the end of the century, she shows that they were nonetheless absorbed into the science of Newton and Halley, contributing to their theories in subtle yet profound ways. Schechner weaves together many strands of thought: views of comets as signs and causes of social and physical changes; vigilance toward monsters and prodigies as indicators of God's will; Christian eschatology; scientific interpretations of Scripture; astrological prognostication and political propaganda; and celestial mechanics and astrophysics. This exploration of the interplay between high and low beliefs about nature leads to the conclusion that popular and long-held views of comets as divine signs were not overturned by astronomical discoveries. Indeed, they became part of the foundation on which modern cosmology was built.
Comets, Stars, the Moon, and Mars
by Douglas FlorianBlast off with Douglas Florian's new high-flying compendium, which features twenty whimsical poems about space. From the moon to the stars, from the Earth to Mars, here is an exuberant celebration of our celestial surroundings that's certain to become a universal favorite among aspiring astronomers everywhere. Includes die-cut pages and a glossary of space terms.
Comets: Creators And Destroyers
by David H. LevySpectacular and mysterious objects that come and go in the night sky, comets have dwelt in our popular culture for untold ages. As remnants from the formation of the Solar System, they are objects of key scientific research and space missions. As one of nature's most potent and dramatic dangers, they pose a threat to our safety - and yet they were the origin of our oceans and perhaps even life itself. This beautifully illustrated book tells the story of the biggest and most awe-inspiring of all comets: those that have earned the title 'Great'. It focuses on Great Comets Hyakutake in 1996 and Hale-Bopp in 1997, which gripped attention world-wide because, for many, they were the first comets ever seen. For everyone interested in astronomy, this exciting book reveals the secrets of the Great Comets and provides essential tools for keeping up-to-date with comet discoveries in the future.