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Computer Simulation Validation: Fundamental Concepts, Methodological Frameworks, and Philosophical Perspectives (Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications)
by Claus Beisbart Nicole J. SaamThis unique volume introduces and discusses the methods of validating computer simulations in scientific research. The core concepts, strategies, and techniques of validation are explained by an international team of pre-eminent authorities, drawing on expertise from various fields ranging from engineering and the physical sciences to the social sciences and history. The work also offers new and original philosophical perspectives on the validation of simulations.Topics and features: introduces the fundamental concepts and principles related to the validation of computer simulations, and examines philosophical frameworks for thinking about validation; provides an overview of the various strategies and techniques available for validating simulations, as well as the preparatory steps that have to be taken prior to validation; describes commonly used reference points and mathematical frameworks applicable to simulation validation; reviews the legal prescriptions, and the administrative and procedural activities related to simulation validation; presents examples of best practice that demonstrate how methods of validation are applied in various disciplines and with different types of simulation models; covers important practical challenges faced by simulation scientists when applying validation methods and techniques; offers a selection of general philosophical reflections that explore the significance of validation from a broader perspective.This truly interdisciplinary handbook will appeal to a broad audience, from professional scientists spanning all natural and social sciences, to young scholars new to research with computer simulations. Philosophers of science, and methodologists seeking to increase their understanding of simulation validation, will also find much to benefit from in the text.
Computer Simulations in Molecular Biology (Scientific Computation)
by Hiqmet KamberajThis book covers a range of topics in quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics simulation, including computational modeling and machine learning approaches. The book also provides a Python GUI and tutorials for simulating molecular biological systems and presents case studies of quantum mechanics simulations for predicting electronic properties. Its pedagogical formatting makes it easy for students to understand and follow and has been praised for providing clear and detailed explanations of complex topics. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in theoretical and computational biophysics, physics, chemistry, and materials science, as well as postgraduates in applied mathematics, computer science, and bioinformatics.
Computer Simulations in Science and Engineering: Concepts - Practices - Perspectives (The Frontiers Collection)
by Juan Manuel DuránThis book addresses key conceptual issues relating to the modern scientific and engineering use of computer simulations. It analyses a broad set of questions, from the nature of computer simulations to their epistemological power, including the many scientific, social and ethics implications of using computer simulations. The book is written in an easily accessible narrative, one that weaves together philosophical questions and scientific technicalities. It will thus appeal equally to all academic scientists, engineers, and researchers in industry interested in questions (and conceivable answers) related to the general practice of computer simulations.
Computer Simulations of Aggregation of Proteins and Peptides (Methods in Molecular Biology #2340)
by Andrzej Kloczkowski Mai Suan Li Marek Cieplak Maksim KouzaThis volume provides computational methods and reviews various aspects of computational studies of protein aggregation. Chapters discuss the relationship between protein misfolding and protein aggregation, methods of prediction of aggregation propensities of protein, peptides, protein structure, results of computer simulations of aggregation, and computational simulations focused on specific diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and preeclampsia. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computer Simulations of Aggregation of Proteins and Peptides aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Computer Simulations of Space Societies (Space and Society)
by William Sims BainbridgeAt the intersection of astronautics, computer science, and social science, this book introduces the challenges and insights associated with computer simulation of human society in outer space, and of the dynamics of terrestrial enthusiasm for space exploration. Never before have so many dynamic representations of space-related social systems existed, some deeply analyzing the logical implications of social-scientific theories, and others open for experience by the general public as computer-generated virtual worlds. Fascinating software ranges from multi-agent artificial intelligence models of civilization, to space-oriented massively multiplayer online games, to educational programs suitable for schools or even for the world's space exploration agencies. At the present time, when actual forays by humans into space are scarce, computer simulations of space societies are an excellent way to prepare for a renaissance of exploration beyond the bounds of Earth.
Computer Supported Qualitative Research (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #71)
by António Moreira António Pedro Pedro Costa Luís Paulo Paulo Reis Francislê Neri de Sousa David LamasThis book contains an edited selection of the papers accepted for presentation and discussion at the first International Symposium on Qualitative Research (ISQR2016), held in Porto, Portugal, July 12th-14th, 2016. The book and the symposium features the four main application fields Education, Health, Social Sciences and Engineering and Technology and seven main subjects: Rationale and Paradigms of Qualitative Research (theoretical studies, critical reflection about epistemological dimensions, ontological and axiological); Systematization of approaches with Qualitative Studies (literature review, integrating results, aggregation studies, meta -analysis, meta- analysis of qualitative meta- synthesis, meta- ethnography); Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research (emphasis in research processes that build on mixed methodologies but with priority to qualitative approaches); Data Analysis Types (content analysis, discourse analysis, thematic analysis, narrative analysis, etc. ); Innovative processes of Qualitative Data Analysis (design analysis, articulation and triangulation of different sources of data images, audio, video); Qualitative Research in Web Context (eResearch, virtual ethnography, interaction analysis, latent corpus on the internet, etc. ); Qualitative Analysis with Support of Specific Software (usability studies, user experience, the impact of software on the quality of research. "
Computer Systems Experiences of Users with and Without Disabilities: An Evaluation Guide for Professionals (Rehabilitation Science in Practice Series)
by Masaaki Kurosu Stefano Federici Simone Borsci Maria Laura MeleThis book provides to manufacturers, designers and evaluation professionals the necessary tools for balancing design and the assessment phases during the product lifecycle. It proposes an integrated model of interaction evaluation for a holistic analysis of the user experience by both discussing in details the interaction testing methods, and promoting the involvement of disabled users in human computer interaction evaluation.
Computer Systems Validation: Quality Assurance, Risk Management, and Regulatory Compliance for Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Companies
by Guy WingateBoth pervasive and ubiquitous, computerized systems are now an integral component of every corporate strategy in pharmaceutical and healthcare companies. However, when technology is combined with high-risk public safety projects or the production and control of life-saving medicines or devices, it is necessary to ensure that it is reliable, quality
Computer Techniques in Preclinical and Clinical Drug Development
by Robert C. JacksonIt is estimated that 80 to 90% of drugs under development never make it to the marketplace due to insufficient clinical activity, unacceptable toxicity, rapid appearance of drug resistance, or other factors that should be, at least partially, predictable from preclinical testing. This new text asks the question, "How can we use computational method
Computer Techniques in Vibration
by Clarence W. de SilvaUnderstanding and controlling vibration is critical for reducing noise, improving work environments and product quality, and increasing the useful life of industrial machinery and other mechanical systems. Computer-based modeling and analytical tools provide fast, accurate, and efficient means of designing and controlling a system for improved vibr
Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Vol. 6: Proceedings of the 42nd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2024 (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Dario Di Maio Javad Baqersad Dan RoheComputer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 42nd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2024, the sixth volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Computer Vision, Laser Vibrometry and Structural Health Monitoring, including papers on: Novel Techniques Optical Methods, Scanning LDV Methods Photogrammetry & DIC Structural Health Monitoring
Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 41st IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2023 (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Dario Di Maio Javad BaqersadComputer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 41st IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2023, the sixth volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Computer Vision, Laser Vibrometry and Structural Health Monitoring, including papers on:Novel TechniquesOptical Methods,Scanning LDV MethodsPhotogrammetry & DICStructural Health Monitoring
Computer Vision Analysis of Image Motion by Variational Methods (Springer Topics in Signal Processing #10)
by Amar Mitiche J. K. AggarwalThis book presents a unified view of image motion analysis under the variational framework. Variational methods, rooted in physics and mechanics, but appearing in many other domains, such as statistics, control, and computer vision, address a problem from an optimization standpoint, i.e., they formulate it as the optimization of an objective function or functional. The methods of image motion analysis described in this book use the calculus of variations to minimize (or maximize) an objective functional which transcribes all of the constraints that characterize the desired motion variables. The book addresses the four core subjects of motion analysis: Motion estimation, detection, tracking, and three-dimensional interpretation. Each topic is covered in a dedicated chapter. The presentation is prefaced by an introductory chapter which discusses the purpose of motion analysis. Further, a chapter is included which gives the basic tools and formulae related to curvature, Euler Lagrange equations, unconstrained descent optimization, and level sets, that the variational image motion processing methods use repeatedly in the book.
Computer Vision based Identification and Mosaic of Gramineous Grass Seeds
by Xin Pan Xuanhe Zhao Weihong Yan Jiangping Liu Xiaoling Luo Tana WuyunThis book mainly deals with grassland digitalization and recognition through computer vision, which will make contributions to implement of grass auto recognition and data acquisition. Taking advantage of computer vision, it focuses on intrinsic feature extraction to realize the functions such as auto recognition of forage seeds and microscope images mosaic. The book presents a new approach for identification of grass seeds, with clear figures and detailed tables. It enlightens reader by solving the traditional problems of pratacultural science through the aid of computer science.
Computer Vision for Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring (Wiley-ASME Press Series)
by Dongming Feng Maria Q. FengProvides comprehensive coverage of theory and hands-on implementation of computer vision-based sensors for structural health monitoring This book is the first to fill the gap between scientific research of computer vision and its practical applications for structural health monitoring (SHM). It provides a complete, state-of-the-art review of the collective experience that the SHM community has gained in recent years. It also extensively explores the potentials of the vision sensor as a fast and cost-effective tool for solving SHM problems based on both time and frequency domain analytics, broadening the application of emerging computer vision sensor technology in not only scientific research but also engineering practice. Computer Vision for Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring presents fundamental knowledge, important issues, and practical techniques critical to successful development of vision-based sensors in detail, including robustness of template matching techniques for tracking targets; coordinate conversion methods for determining calibration factors to convert image pixel displacements to physical displacements; sensing by tracking artificial targets vs. natural targets; measurements in real time vs. by post-processing; and field measurement error sources and mitigation methods. The book also features a wide range of tests conducted in both controlled laboratory and complex field environments in order to evaluate the sensor accuracy and demonstrate the unique features and merits of computer vision-based structural displacement measurement. Offers comprehensive understanding of the principles and applications of computer vision for structural dynamics and health monitoring Helps broaden the application of the emerging computer vision sensor technology from scientific research to engineering practice such as field condition assessment of civil engineering structures and infrastructure systems Includes a wide range of laboratory and field testing examples, as well as practical techniques for field application Provides MATLAB code for most of the issues discussed including that of image processing, structural dynamics, and SHM applications Computer Vision for Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring is ideal for graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers who are interested in learning about this emerging sensor technology and advancing their applications in SHM and other engineering problems. It will also benefit those in civil and aerospace engineering, energy, and computer science.
Computer Vision-Based Agriculture Engineering
by Han ZhongzhiIn recent years, computer vision is a fast-growing technique of agricultural engineering, especially in quality detection of agricultural products and food safety testing. It can provide objective, rapid, non-contact and non-destructive methods by extracting quantitative information from digital images. Significant scientific and technological advances have been made in quality inspection, classification and evaluation of a wide range of food and agricultural products. Computer Vision-Based Agriculture Engineering focuses on these advances. The book contains 25 chapters covering computer vision, image processing, hyperspectral imaging and other related technologies in peanut aflatoxin, peanut and corn quality varieties, and carrot and potato quality, as well as pest and disease detection. Features: Discusses various detection methods in a variety of agricultural crops Each chapter includes materials and methods used, results and analysis, and discussion with conclusions Covers basic theory, technical methods and engineering cases Provides comprehensive coverage on methods of variety identification, quality detection and detection of key indicators of agricultural products safety Presents information on technology of artificial intelligence including deep learning and transfer learning Computer Vision-Based Agriculture Engineering is a summary of the author's work over the past 10 years. Professor Han has presented his most recent research results in all 25 chapters of this book. This unique work provides students, engineers and technologists working in research, development, and operations in agricultural engineering with critical, comprehensive and readily accessible information. It applies development of artificial intelligence theory and methods including depth learning and transfer learning to the field of agricultural engineering testing.
Computer Vision-Guided Virtual Craniofacial Surgery: A Graph-Theoretic and Statistical Perspective (Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)
by Ananda S. Chowdhury Suchendra M. BhandarkarThis unique text/reference discusses in depth the two integral components of reconstructive surgery; fracture detection, and reconstruction from broken bone fragments. In addition to supporting its application-oriented viewpoint with detailed coverage of theoretical issues, the work incorporates useful algorithms and relevant concepts from both graph theory and statistics. Topics and features: presents practical solutions for virtual craniofacial reconstruction and computer-aided fracture detection; discusses issues of image registration, object reconstruction, combinatorial pattern matching, and detection of salient points and regions in an image; investigates the concepts of maximum-weight graph matching, maximum-cardinality minimum-weight matching for a bipartite graph, determination of minimum cut in a flow network, and construction of automorphs of a cycle graph; examines the techniques of Markov random fields, hierarchical Bayesian restoration, Gibbs sampling, and Bayesian inference.
Computer Vision: From Surfaces to 3D Objects
by Christopher W. TylerThe typical computational approach to object understanding derives shape information from the 2D outline of the objects. For complex object structures, however, such a planar approach cannot determine object shape; the structural edges have to be encoded in terms of their full 3D spatial configuration. Computer Vision: From Surfaces to 3D Objects i
Computer und Künstliche Intelligenz: Vergangenheit - Gegenwart - Zukunft
by Christian PosthoffDas Buch beginnt mit einer Erklärung der menschlichen Intelligenz und der Beschreibung von Intelligenztests. Die Künstliche Intelligenz, die auf Computerprogrammen beruht, beginnt mit der Dartmouth – Konferenz 1956, an der sich berühmte Informatiker dieser Zeit beteiligten. Diese damit eingeleitete Entwicklung wurde von großen Fortschritten der Kybernetik und der Spieltheorie begleitet.Es folgen Beschreibungen wichtiger Methoden und Anwendungen:Maschinelles Lernen und Neuronale Netze Sehr publikumswirksam waren die Entwicklungen von Programmen für strategische Spiele, die nach einem kurzen Training die jeweiligen Weltmeister besiegen konnten. Die Sprachübersetzer von Google und DeepL sind mittlerweile vielen bekannt. Es wird erklärt, wie intelligente Systeme mit Datenbanken zusammenarbeiten, wie beliebige Daten digitalisiert werden können. Große Mengen an Daten werden unter dem Stichwort „Big Data“ behandelt. Ausführlich beschrieben werden die Bildverarbeitung, die Erkennung von Tumoren und Viren. Robotik ist ein weiterer Punkt, der ausführlich dargestellt wird. Roboter in der Chirurgie und in der Pflege sind ebenfalls sehr bedeutsam. „Exotische Ausreißer“ sind die Anwendungen in der Kunst. Sehr bedeutsam für die zukünftige Entwicklung sind Anwendungen in der Rechtssprechung.
Computer- und Internetstrafrecht: Ein Grundriss (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Brian Valerius Eric Hilgendorf Carsten KuscheDie Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie stellt das Strafrecht vor die Aufgabe, sowohl klassische Delikte in ihrem neuen technisierten Gewand zu erfassen als auch ganz neuen Kriminalitätsformen zu begegnen. Das Lehrbuch vermittelt einen umfassenden Überblick über das Rechtsgebiet und zeigt die aktuellen Probleme auf. Die 2. Auflage berücksichtigt Entwicklungen in Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung und enthält ein neues Kapitel zu strafverfahrensrechtlichen Fragen im Zusammenhang mit Computern und Computernetzwerken.
Computer-Aided Analysis of Gastrointestinal Videos
by Jorge Bernal Aymeric HistaceThis book opens with an introduction to the main purpose and tasks of the GIANA challenge, as well as a summary and an analysis of the results and performance obtained by the 20 participating teams. The early and accurate diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases is critical for increasing the chances of patient survival, and efficient screening is vital for locating precursor lesions. Video colonoscopy and wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) are the gold-standard tools for colon and intestinal tract screening, respectively. Yet these tools still present some drawbacks, such as lesion miss rate, lack of in vivo diagnosis capabilities, and perforation risk. To mitigate these, computer-aided detection/diagnosis systems can play a key role in assisting clinicians in the different stages of the exploration.This book presents the latest, state-of-the-art approaches in this field, and also tackles the clinical considerations required to efficiently deploy these systems in the exploration room. The coverage draws upon results from the Gastrointestinal Image Analysis (GIANA) Challenge, part of the EndoVis satellite events of the conferences MICCAI 2017 and 2018. Each method proposed to address the different subtasks of the challenges is detailed in a separate chapter, offering a deep insight into this topic of interest for public health.This book appeals to researchers, practitioners, and lecturers spanning both the computer vision and gastroenterology communities.
Computer-Aided Antibody Design (Methods in Molecular Biology #2552)
by Kouhei Tsumoto Daisuke KurodaThis volume details state-of-the- art methods on computer-aided antibody design. Chapters guide readers through information on antibody sequences and structures, modeling antibody structures and dynamics, prediction and optimization of biological and biophysical properties of antibodies, prediction of antibody-antigen interactions, and computer-aided antibody affinity maturation and beyond. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computer-Aided Antibody Design aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge. Chapter 2 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Computer-Aided Design of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides as Prospective Drug Candidates
by Manisha Yadav Jujjvarapu Satya Eswari Swasti DhagatIncrease in antibiotic resistance has forced researchers to develop new drugs against microorganisms. Lipopeptides are produced as secondary metabolites by some microorganisms. Computer-aided Design of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides as Prospective Drug Candidates provides the identification of novel ligands for different antimicrobial lipopeptides. Along with identification, it also provides some of the in silico drug design processes, namely homology modelling, molecular docking, QSAR studies, drug ADMET studies and pharmacophore studies to check the ligand-lipopeptide interaction. Some lipopeptides have shown anti-cancerous properties too, and this book discusses the required templates to design new drugs using computational techniques. Key Features: Focuses on the use lipopeptides as new antimicrobial compounds Presents the basics of in silico modelling for design and development of new drug molecules, and is therefore of interest to beginners in the field Provides a step-by-step process for identification of drug molecules and testing its efficacy in silico Couples with courses on patents and intellectual property rights
Computer-Aided Design of Catalysts
by E. Robert Becker and Carmo J. PereiraThis volume provides an update on recent developments in computer-aided design and modeling of catalysts for a variety of important industrial applications. Key hurdles in catalyst design are different for each application: the modeling frontiers for methane partial oxidation, automotive catalysis,
Computer-Aided Detection and Diagnosis in Medical Imaging (Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy)
by Qiang Li Robert M. NishikawaImprove the Accurate Detection and Diagnosis of Cancer and Other DiseasesDespite the expansion of the CAD field in recent decades, there is currently no single book dedicated to the development and use of CAD systems. Filling this need, Computer-Aided Detection and Diagnosis in Medical Imaging covers the major technical advances and methodologies s