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Confronting Biopiracy: Challenges, Cases and International Debates

by Daniel Robinson

'Biopiracy' refers either to the unauthorised extraction of biological resources, such as plants with medicinal properties, and associated traditional knowledge from indigenous peoples and local communities, or to the patenting of spurious 'inventions' based on such knowledge or resources without compensation. Biopiracy cases continue to emerge in the media and public eye, yet they remain the source of considerable disagreement, confusion, controversy and grief. The aim of this book is to provide the most detailed, coherent analysis of the issue of biopiracy to date. The book synthesises the rise of the issue and increasing use of the term by activists and negotiators in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to form a critical understanding of the themes, implications and politics of biopiracy. Taking a case-study based approach, derived from interviews and fieldwork with researchers, government, industry, local farmers, healers and indigenous people, the author sequentially documents events that have occurred in biopiracy and bioprospecting controversies. Implications and ethical dilemmas are explored, particularly relating to work with local communities, and the power relations entailed. Detailing international debates from the WTO, CBD and other fora in an accessible manner, the book provides a unique overview of current institutional limitations and suggests ways forward. Options and solutions are suggested which are relevant for local communities, national governments, international negotiators, NGO and interest groups, researchers and industry.

Confronting Consumption (The\mit Press Ser.)

by Ken Conca Michael Maniates edited by Thomas Princen

Comforting terms such as "sustainable development" and "green production" frame environmental debate by stressing technology (not green enough), economic growth (not enough in the right places), and population (too large). Concern about consumption emerges, if at all, in benign ways; as calls for green purchasing or more recycling, or for small changes in production processes. Many academics, policymakers, and journalists, in fact, accept the economists' view of consumption as nothing less than the purpose of the economy. Yet many people have a troubled, intuitive understanding that tinkering at the margins of production and purchasing will not put society on an ecologically and socially sustainable path. Confronting Consumption places consumption at the center of debate by conceptualizing "the consumption problem" and documenting diverse efforts to confront it. In Part 1, the book frames consumption as a problem of political and ecological economy, emphasizing core concepts of individualization and commoditization. Part 2 develops the idea of distancing and examines transnational chains of consumption in the context of economic globalization. Part 3 describes citizen action through local currencies, home power, voluntary simplicity, "ad-busting," and product certification. Together, the chapters propose "cautious consuming" and "better producing" as an activist and policy response to environmental problems. The book concludes that confronting consumption must become a driving focus of contemporary environmental scholarship and activism.

Confronting Global Climate Change: Experiments & Applications in the Tropics

by Mark Harris

This book offers a solutions-based approach to climate change problems which potentially impinge on human beings within the tropics. It largely comprises research articles with supplementary applications and illustrations. <P><P>The effects of atmospheric phenomena, energy acquisition, wind power, CO2 sequestration, are linked with soils, aquatic life, reducing deforestation, rainwater harvesting and clay pot farming, climate, plant disease and food security to show that no area of life is untouched by the phenomenon of climate change. It discusses specific problem areas and provides an overview of geotechnical and sustainable solutions to lessen the impact of climate.

Confronting Prior Conceptions in Paleontology Courses (Elements of Paleontology)

by Margaret M. Yacobucci

People hold a variety of prior conceptions that impact their learning. Prior conceptions that include erroneous or incomplete understandings represent a significant barrier to durable learning, as they are often difficult to change. While researchers have documented students' prior conceptions in many areas of geoscience, little is known about prior conceptions involving paleontology. In this book, data on student prior conceptions from two introductory undergraduate paleontology courses are presented. In addition to more general misunderstandings about the nature of science, many students hold incorrect ideas about methods of historical geology, Earth history, ancient life, and evolution. Of special note are student perceptions of the limits of paleontology as scientific inquiry. By intentionally eliciting students' prior conceptions and implementing the pedagogical strategies described in other Elements in this series, lecturers can shape instruction to challenge this negative view of paleontology and improve student learning.

Confronting Space Debris

by William Welser Iv Dave Baiocchi

Orbital space debris represents a growing threat to the operation of man-made systems in space. With the goal of guiding future mitigation or remediation efforts, this monograph examines nine comparable problems that share similarities with orbital debris: acid rain, U.S. commercial airline security, asbestos, chlorofluorocarbons, hazardous waste, oil spills, radon, email spam, and U.S. border control.

Confronting the Nation's Water Problems: The Role of Research

by Committee on Assessment of Water Resources Research

In order to confront the increasingly severe water problems faced by all parts of the country, the United States needs to make a new commitment to research on water resources. A new mechanism is needed to coordinate water research currently fragmented among nearly 20 federal agencies. Given the competition for water among farmers, communities, aquatic ecosystems and other users-as well as emerging challenges such as climate change and the threat of waterborne diseases-Confronting the Nation's Water Problems concludes that an additional $70 million in federal funding should go annually to water research. Funding should go specifically to the areas of water demand and use, water supply augmentation, and other institutional research topics. The book notes that overall federal funding for water research has been stagnant in real terms for the past 30 years and that the portion dedicated to research on water use and social science topics has declined considerably.

Congenital Anomalies in Iran

by Saeed Dastgiri

This book explores the magnitude of the congenital anomalies and developmental disabilities based on the data from an established surveillance and prevention program of congenital defects, and describing the successful strategies for the control of neural tube defects, Down syndrome, phenylketonuria, haemophilia, thalassemia and some other defects in the country.It provides essential data for research purposes, information for health service planners, clinicians, and for genetic counselling. This book will be a unique source of evidences from a developing country with notable similar applications in other areas and countries of developing world.

Congenital Anomalies of Coronary Arteries

by Gianfranco Butera Alessandro Frigiola

The coronaries are the first branches of the ascending aorta. They arise from their respective sinuses of Valsalva, and gradually branch distally to the myocardium. Abnormalities of the coronary arteries, either congenital or acquired, can be characterized as a lack of origin, abnormal origin, anomalous course, lack of patency, abnormal connections, and/or abnormal drainage of the coronary vessels. Interruptions to or lack of flow can cause significant morbidity and mortality due to ischemia, infarction and fistulous connections, which can lead to cardiac failure, endocarditis and ischemia. Coronary artery anomalies are rare in general populations. Although they can be benign and asymptomatic, they can also be malignant due to their origin and course and can cause sudden cardiac death. As such, an understanding of how to analyze, diagnose and treat them is vital. This book presents the latest advances in congenital anomalies of coronary arteries. It offers a comprehensive overview of the field, including illustrative angiograms and diagrams that demonstrate all possible anomalies and clarify what is abnormal, and also provides practical insights to guide practitioners in their everyday practice.

Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric and Adult Patients: Anesthetic and Perioperative Management

by Ali Dabbagh Antonio Hernandez Conte Lorraine N. Lubin

The second edition of this critical text features heavily revised chapters detailing how to approach the anesthetic and perioperative management of adult and pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Initially, a broad overview of relevant concepts in pediatric cardiovascular embryology, physiology, and pharmacology is provided. Subsequently, relevant diagnostic approaches including the use of three-dimensional modeling in surgical planning and preoperative considerations are described. The intraoperative management of a wide range of specific lesions is discussed, with full descriptions of anesthesia plans and the appropriate diagnostic methods and surgical interventions. New topics detailed include the use of hybrid techniques and applications of electrophysiology in patients with congenital heart disease. Postoperative care and potential future approaches are also addressed.Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric and Adult Patients: Anesthetic and Perioperative Management provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the care of the pediatric patient undergoing cardiac surgery and anesthesia. It is therefore of interest to all practicing and trainee medical professionals who encounter these patients in their day-to-day practice.

Congress on Research, Development and Innovation in Renewable Energies: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2021 (Green Energy and Technology)

by Martin Andersson Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz Tingshuai Li Jordy Santana Villamar Ángel Encalada Dávila Ester Melo Vargas

The 2021 Congress on Research, Development and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2021) aims to promote international collaboration that fosters ideas and dialogue on developing a solution to climate change through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. These selected papers cover both theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies.

Congress on Research, Development and Innovation in Renewable Energies: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2024 (Green Energy and Technology)

by Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz Jordy Santana-Villamar Brayan Ordóñez-Saca Carlos Vallejo-Cervantes Luis Rodríguez-Álava

Renewable Energy Research, Development, and Innovation: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2024 presents international collaborations that foster ideas and dialogue around solutions to climate change through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. The book includes chapters based on selected papers from the 2024 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2024) that cover theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America. Presents leading-edge research on advancing renewable energy; Promotes research and innovation with a focus on Latin America; Covers biomass, hydraulic, hydrogen, tidal, solar, and wind energy.

Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2022 (Green Energy and Technology)

by Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz Jordy Santana Villamar Ester Melo Vargas Ángel Encalada-Dávila

The 2022 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2022) promotes international collaboration on ideas and dialogue around climate change solutions through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. The selected papers cover both theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America.

Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2023 (Green Energy and Technology)

by Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz Ángel Encalada Dávila Ester Melo Vargas Jordy Santana-Villamar Brayan Ordóñez Saca

The 2023 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2022) promotes international collaboration fostering ideas and dialogue around solutions to climate change through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. These selected papers cover theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America.

Congress’s Own Think Tank: Learning from the Legacy of the Office of Technology Assessment (1973–1995)

by Peter D. Blair

Congress' Own Think Tank recaps the OTA experience--it's creation, operation, and circumstances of its closure-- and that of organizations attempting to fill the gap since OTA's closure as well as a number of new forces shaping the current context for science and technology issues facing the Congress.

Conical Intersections in Physics: An Introduction to Synthetic Gauge Theories (Lecture Notes in Physics #965)

by Patrik Öhberg Jonas Larson Erik Sjöqvist

This concise book introduces and discusses the basic theory of conical intersections with applications in atomic, molecular and condensed matter physics. Conical intersections are linked to the energy of quantum systems. They can occur in any physical system characterized by both slow and fast degrees of freedom - such as e.g. the fast electrons and slow nuclei of a vibrating and rotating molecule - and are important when studying the evolution of quantum systems controlled by classical parameters. Furthermore, they play a relevant role for understanding the topological properties of condensed matter systems. Conical intersections are associated with many interesting features, such as a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the appearance of nontrivial artificial gauge structures, similar to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Some applications presented in this book include - Molecular Systems: some molecules in nonlinear nuclear configurations undergo Jahn-Teller distortions under which the molecule lower their symmetry if the electronic states belong to a degenerate irreducible representation of the molecular point group. - Solid State Physics: different types of Berry phases associated with conical intersections can be used to detect topologically nontrivial states of matter, such as topological insulators, Weyl semi-metals, as well as Majorana fermions in superconductors. - Cold Atoms: the motion of cold atoms in slowly varying inhomogeneous laser fields is governed by artificial gauge fields that arise when averaging over the fast internal degrees of freedom of the atoms. These gauge fields can be Abelian or non-Abelian, which opens up the possibility to create analogs to various relativistic effects at low speed.

Coniferous Forests

by Donna Latham

Investigating a variety of biomes and today's natural and human threats to their preservation, this interactive series challenges young readers to look at how their own actions influence the planet's health. Four distinct environments are explored in detail, showcasing the assortment of plants and animals that inhabit these outdoor communities as well as how they have adapted to their surroundings. Offering fascinating facts on each ecosystem along with vocabulary-building sidebars, these guides show budding scientists how they can contribute towards ongoing conservation efforts. The diverse woodland of coniferous forests is revealed in this detailed resource, covering topics such as the dangers of deforestation, over hunting, and forest fires, illustrating the rapid decline of this ecosystem's biodiversity.

Conjugate Problems in Convective Heat Transfer (Heat Transfer)

by Abram S. Dorfman

Illustrates Calculations Using Machine and Technological ProcessesThe conjugate heat transfer (CHT) problem addresses the thermal interaction between a body and fluid flowing over or through it. This is an essential consideration in nature and different areas of engineering, including mechanics, aerospace, nuclear engineering, biology, and meteorol

Conjugated Polymer And Molecular Interfaces: Science And Technology For Photonic And Optoelectronic Application

by William R. Salaneck Kazuhiko Seki Antoine Kahn Jean-Jacques Pireaux

Defines the state-of-the-art in interface science for electronic applications of organic materials. Updates understanding of the foundaiton of interfacial properties. Describes novel electronic devices created from conjugated polymers and organic molecular solids.

Conjugated Polymers for Biological and Biomedical Applications

by Bin Liu

This first book to specifically focus on applications of conjugated polymers in the fields of biology and biomedicine covers materials science, physical principles, and nanotechnology. The editor and authors, all pioneers and experts with extensive research experience in the field, firstly introduce the synthesis and optical properties of various conjugated polymers, highlighting how to make organic soluble polymers compatible with the aqueous environment. This is followed by the application of these materials in optical sensing and imaging as well as the emerging applications in image-guided therapy and in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The result is a consolidated overview for polymer chemists, materials scientists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and bioengineers.

Conjugated Polymers: Properties, Processing, and Applications (Polymer Chemistry Ser. #Volume 9)

by John R. Reynolds Barry C. Thompson Terje A. Skotheim

This book covers properties, processing, and applications of conducting polymers. It discusses properties and characterization, including photophysics and transport. It then moves to processing and morphology of conducting polymers, covering such topics as printing, thermal processing, morphology evolution, conducting polymer composites, thin films

Conjunctive Explanations: The Nature, Epistemology, and Psychology of Explanatory Multiplicity (Routledge Studies in the Philosophy of Science)

by David H. Glass Jonah N. Schupbach

Philosophers and psychologists are increasingly investigating the conditions under which multiple explanations are better in conjunction than they are individually. This book brings together leading scholars to provide an interdisciplinary and unified discussion of such “conjunctive explanations.” The book starts with an introductory chapter expounding the notion of conjunctive explanation and motivating a multifaceted approach to its study. The remaining chapters are divided into three parts. Part I includes chapters on “The Nature of Conjunctive Explanations.” Each chapter illustrates distinct ways in which explanatory multiplicity is motivated by a careful study of the nature and concept of explanation. The second part (“Reasoning About Conjunctive Explanations”) includes chapters on the epistemology and logic of conjunctive explanations. Here the contributors propose and evaluate various norms for reasoning correctly about and to conjunctive explanations. Part III concerns “The Psychology of Conjunctive Explanations,” with contributions discussing conditions under which humans entertain and hold multiple explanations of single explananda simultaneously and the cognitive limitations and capacities for doing so. Conjunctive Explanations will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working on explanation in philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophical logic, and cognitive psychology.

Conn's Biological Stains: A Handbook of Dyes, Stains and Fluorochromes for Use in Biology and Medicine

by Richard W. Horobin and John A. Kiernan

Published on behalf of the Biological Stain CommissionFor 75 years Conn's Biological Stains has been a standard reference for all those who used dyes and colorants in the biological and medical sciences. This long awaited tenth edition appears 25 years after R.D. Lillie's ninth and has been completely rewritten to reflect the increase in range of uses. Although the staining of microscopical preparations continues to expand the uses of dyes and fluorochromes now extend far beyond this traditional application.This book provides the first critical overview of the whole range of low molecular weight fluorescent probes, outside the catalogue literature. The first ten chapters are essays, by leading experts, on the important aspects of colorants and their uses. Most of the remainder of the book consists of descriptions by Dr Horobin of the properties and recent applications of hundreds of individual compounds, in about twenty chemical classes. The last chapter reviews the procedures employed at the Biological Stain Commission's laboratory to assay and test dyes and certify them as suitable for their intended applications.

Connected Lands: New Perspectives on Ecological Networks Planning (UNIPA Springer Series)

by Filippo Schilleci Vincenzo Todaro Francesca Lotta

This book explores and outlines the reference theoretical basis of ecological networks within the international debate, focusing on how protected areas should no longer be considered as the sum of different components but rather as a network. The various European, transnational and national models of ecological networks/connections are analyzed on the basis of a detailed, updated study of relevant documents. The complex picture that emerges shows a wide range of reticular-ecological models within European plans and programs, but also many non-integrated experiences. The book subsequently examines the regulation of ecological networks/connections within planning instruments, explaining the critical points and referring to different ecological network models and specific local realities. Lastly, the book addresses two Italian case studies regarding the different normative and planning frameworks, both at a national and regional level, and demonstrating not only how ecological networks/connections can be structured within plans, but also how these networks/connections represent the core element of territory development and preservation. As such, it provides an essential tool for containing habitat fragmentation, offering a new perspective that integrates theoretical approaches and methods with planning models and the lessons learned from local applications.

Connected Mathematics: Stretching and Shrinking (Similarity)

by Glenda Lappan James T. Fey William M. Fitzgerald Susan N. Friel Elizabeth Difanis Phillips

Stretching and Shrinking explores the geometry concept of similarity.

Connected Medical Devices: Integrating Patient Care Data in Healthcare Systems (HIMSS Book Series)

by John Zaleski

This book explores how medical device integration (MDI) supports quality patient care and better clinical outcomes by reducing clinical documentation transcription errors, improving data accuracy and density within clinical records and ensuring the complete capture of medical device information on patients. It begins with a comprehensive overview of the types of medical devices in use and the ways in which those devices interact, then examines factors such as interoperability standards, patient identification, clinical alerts and regulatory and security considerations.

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Showing 16,426 through 16,450 of 84,624 results