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Decarbonization as a Route Towards Sustainable Circularity (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Maria Magdalena Ramirez-Corredores Mireya R. Goldwasser Eduardo Falabella de Sousa AguiarThis book surveys the current research on CO2 conversion processes and shows that these can close the carbon cycle as part of a circular economy. The technical and economic feasibility of these processes are examined together and current scientific challenges are signposted, which will guide future R&D. Technology sustainability is key for meeting and keeping decarbonization goals in the long term. However, considering economic and environmental sustainability individually is not enough. An integral view of sustainability that incorporates an energy term in the equation is needed. This book brings this concept to the fore.
Decarbonization in the European Union
by Claire Dupont Sebastian Oberth�rIn October 2009, the European Union (EU) agreed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by between 80 and 95 per cent by 2050 in the EU as a whole, as compared to 1990 levels – an objective that is in line with scientific calls to ensure we have a chance of limiting global temperature increase to 2#65533;Celsius. With the EU's energy sector required to almost completely decarbonise by 2050 (meaning almost zero GHG emissions from energy production, transportation and consumption), a major transition in just a few decades is necessary to achieve this goal. Therefore, a long-term policy perspective towards 2050 is essential. Many decisions taken today influence the EU's ability to meet its decarbonisation goals. The authors investigate how far the EU is along the road to decarbonisation, and what remains to be done in policy development. They also seek to understand whether the decarbonisaton goal is a central feature of the EU's external relations with its energy partners, andhow these relations could change under decarbonisation.
Decarbonization of Cities in Asia: A Polycentric Approach to Policy, Business and Technology
by Vincent S. Cheng Guo-Jun LiThis book provides best practices for decarbonizing cities in East Asia, in which buildings are the major contributor to carbon emissions. Beyond the global commitment through the Paris Agreement to make collective efforts on climate action and accelerated policies, investment and development at the country and city level to combat climate change are occurring at an unprecedented rate. Rapid urbanization and increasing energy demand for large and dense Asian cities require smart and sustainable strategies to balance development with decarbonization. A poly-centric approach is needed, where a combination of policy-, market- and technology-driven changes can aid the transition towards development of carbon neutral cities. With practical examples in the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, green financing, climate action roadmap and policy, deployment of renewable energy, and low- to zero-carbon buildings, readers can find the motivation, considerations and implementation pathways to facilitate the transition into the new normal. It is the hope of the authors to encourage readers to see successful pathways in transitioning into a carbon-free industry and overcoming the effects of climate extremes.
Decarbonization of Maritime Transport (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Avinash Kumar Agarwal Pravesh Chandra Shukla Burak ZincirThis contributed book focuses on decarbonization of maritime transport by highlighting different aspects of decarbonization methods indicated in the International Maritime Organization’s Initial Greenhouse Gas Strategy (2018). The book contains studies on alternative fuels and alternative energy systems with their life cycle assessment, electrification and hybridization of ships, carbon capture technologies, green port concept, energy efficiency management, and market-based measures. This book will be of interest to those working in academia and industry in maritime technologies and transportation.
Decarbonizing Development
by Marianne Fay Adrien Vogt-Schilb Ulf Narloch Tom Kerr Stephane Hallegatte RozenbergThe science is unequivocal: stabilizing climate change implies bringing net carbon emissions to zero. This must be done by 2100 if we are to keep climate change anywhere near the 2oC warming that world leaders have set as the maximum acceptable limit. Decarbonizing Development: Three Steps to a Zero-Carbon Future looks at what it would take to decarbonize the world economy by 2100 in a way that is compatible with countries' broader development goals. Here is what needs to be done: -Act early with an eye on the end-goal. To best achieve a given reduction in emissions in 2030 depends on whether this is the final target or a step towards zero net emissions. -Go beyond prices with a policy package that triggers changes in investment patterns, technologies and behaviors. Carbon pricing is necessary for an efficient transition toward decarbonization. It is an efficient way to raise revenue, which can be used to support poverty reduction or reduce other taxes. Policymakers need to adopt measures that trigger the required changes in investment patterns, behaviors, and technologies - and if carbon pricing is temporarily impossible, use these measures as a substitute. -Mind the political economy and smooth the transition for those who stand to be most affected. Reforms live or die based on the political economy. A climate policy package must be attractive to a majority of voters and avoid impacts that appear unfair or are concentrated on a region, sector or community. Reforms have to smooth the transition for those who stand to be affected, by protecting vulnerable people but also sometimes compensating powerful lobbies.
Decarbonizing Power Generation Sectors Using Biomass and Hydrogen-Based Fuels: A Roadmap to Sustainable Energy Transformation (Green Energy and Technology)
by Muhammad Aziz Arif Darmawan Eniya Listiani Dewi Hariana HarianaThis book presents a comprehensive overview of important issues and topics concerning the combustion and cofiring of biomass and hydrogen-based fuels such as ammonia in the power generation sector. In recent years, the energy sector has been responsible for around three-quarters of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Cofiring of coal with agricultural and forestry wastes and low-emissions hydrogen and ammonia could reduce GHG emissions from power plants and may offer a cheaper option to achieve Net Zero Emissions (NZE). This book provides an updated review of combustion and co-combustion technologies, especially for ammonia and hydrogen cofiring, which includes technical issues, emission reduction, and by-product problems. It goes into an in-depth discussion of hydrogen and ammonia "exclusive" combustion for power generation to reduce CO2 emissions. The content caters to students, academic and industry researchers, and policymakers who are interested in decarbonizing power generation sectors using biomass and hydrogen-based fuels.
Decellularization Methods of Tissue and Whole Organ in Tissue Engineering (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1345)
by Abdol-Mohammad KajbafzadehThis contributed volume is the first of a series that introduces safe, feasible, and practical decellularization and recellularization techniques for tissue and organ reconstruction. We have put special emphasis on the research areas most likely to develop well-engineered scaffolds for tissue and organ engineering, while presenting easily applicable bench-to-bedside approaches highlighting the latest technical innovations in the field.This book includes both a fundamental discussion for a broad understanding of the basis of tissue repair and substitution, as well as chapters written by world renowned specialists from 20 countries providing deeper discussions and analysis of related sub disciplines.Within these pages, the reader will find state-of-the-art protocols and current clinical challenges in cell and tissue biology, including accurate and comprehensive information on extracellular matrices, natural biomaterials, tissue dynamics, morphogenesis, stem cells, cellular fate progressions, cell and tissue properties for in-vitro and in-vivo applications.This comprehensive and carefully organized treatise provides a clear framework for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers new to the field, but also for researchers and practitioners looking to expand their knowledge on tissue and organ reconstruction.
Decellularized Materials: Preparations and Biomedical Applications
by Xiaoming Li Huiqi XieThis book will consist of 8 chapters, in which important issues regarding decellularized materials (DMs) will be discussed. This book will provide special knowledge of materials for the persons with biomedical background, and special biomedical knowledge for the persons with the background of materials, which will hopefully become a valuable informative read for the researchers and students of biomedical engineering major.
Decellularized Scaffolds and Organogenesis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1577)
by Kursad TurksenThis practical, hands-on volume examines the use of decellularized tissues and organs as biologically-active scaffolds by providing numerous approaches from experts in the field. While knowledge of how to grow and differentiate cells in culture has dramatically improved over time, the book addresses the challenges of how to instruct particular cells of interest to recognize and respond to their environment so as to proliferate, differentiate, and function for restoration of original tissue and organ form and function. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and easy to use, Decellularized Scaffolds and Organogenesis: Methods and Protocols share novel approaches and insights that will provide new opportunities for those already in the field or moving to enter the field.
Decentralized Control of Large-Scale Systems
by Edward J. Davison Amir G. Aghdam Daniel E. MillerA large-scale system is composed of several interconnected subsystems. For such a system it is often desired to have some form of decentralization in the control structure, since it is typically not realistic to assume that all output measurements can be transmitted to every local control station. Problems of this kind can appear in electric power systems, communication networks, large space structures, robotic systems, economic systems, and traffic networks, to name only a few. Typical large-scale control systems have several local control stations which observe only local outputs and control only local inputs. All controllers are involved, however, in the control operation of the overall system. The focus of this book is on the efficient control of interconnected systems, and it presents systems analysis and controller synthesis techniques using a variety of methods. A systematic study of multi-input, multi-output systems is carried out and illustrative examples are given to clarify the ideas.
Decentralized Neural Control: Application to Robotics
by Ramon Garcia-Hernandez Michel Lopez-Franco Edgar N. Sanchez Alma Y. Alanis Jose A. Ruz-HernandezThis book provides a decentralized approach for the identification and control of robotics systems. It also presents recent research in decentralized neural control and includes applications to robotics. Decentralized control is free from difficulties due to complexity in design, debugging, data gathering and storage requirements, making it preferable for interconnected systems. Furthermore, as opposed to the centralized approach, it can be implemented with parallel processors. This approach deals with four decentralized control schemes, which are able to identify the robot dynamics. The training of each neural network is performed on-line using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The first indirect decentralized control scheme applies the discrete-time block control approach, to formulate a nonlinear sliding manifold. The second direct decentralized neural control scheme is based on the backstepping technique, approximated by a high order neural network. The third control scheme applies a decentralized neural inverse optimal control for stabilization. The fourth decentralized neural inverse optimal control is designed for trajectory tracking. This comprehensive work on decentralized control of robot manipulators and mobile robots is intended for professors, students and professionals wanting to understand and apply advanced knowledge in their field of work.
Decentralized Sanitation and Water Treatment: Concept and Technologies (Sustainable Industrial and Environmental Bioprocesses)
by Ashok Pandey Patrick Drogui Bhoomika Yadav Sridhar Pilli Rajeshwar D. Tyagi Wong, Jonathan W.C.This book provides up-to-date information on the concepts and technologies in decentralized sanitation for wastewater treatment and management. It addresses the knowledge gap that exists between the understanding of centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment approaches. Decentralized Sanitation and Water Treatment: Concept and Technologies covers the sustainability principles and technologies involved, and common decentralized treatment and disposal methods. It includes topics like septage as a resource, resource recovery, anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage, and decentralized sanitation in various countries.Features Provides case studies from all around the world to explain the traditional and advanced technologies in decentralized sanitation and wastewater treatment Discusses real examples and cases from rural, urban, and peri-urban areas Focuses on interdisciplinary approaches of sustainability and circular economies Covers topics like water recycling, resource recovery, and use of sustainable energy sources Reviews common treatments and disposal methods of decentralized sanitation The book is meant for professionals and researchers working on wastewater treatment, environmental engineering, and ecology.
Decentralized Sanitation and Water Treatment: Treatment in Cold Environments and Techno-Economic Aspects (Sustainable Industrial and Environmental Bioprocesses)
by Ashok Pandey Rajeshwar D Tyagi Patrick Drogui Bhoomika Yadav Sridhar Pilli Wong, Jonathan W.C.This book discusses decentralized sanitation for wastewater treatment and management in cold environments. It addresses the knowledge gap that exists between the understanding of centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment approaches. Decentralized Sanitation and Water Treatment: Treatment in Cold Environments and Techno-Economic Aspects covers the sustainability principles, various technologies involved, decentralized treatment in cold countries, and the economic and social feasibility of decentralized sanitation. It provides solutions for the conservation of water sources and target-oriented sanitation approaches for wastewater treatment and recycling.Key Features Reviews the current status, challenges, and future perspectives of decentralized water treatments Discusses decentralized sanitation, water, and wastewater treatment in cold environments and Northern countries Focuses on interdisciplinary approaches of sustainability and circular economy Covers life cycle and environment assessment of decentralized sanitation systems Reviews the environmental, techno-economic, and social aspects of decentralized sanitation systems The book is meant for professionals and researchers working on wastewater treatment, environmental engineering, and ecology.
Deciduous Forests
by Donna LathamInvestigating the planet's biomes and examining the modern threats to each ecosystem, this interactive series challenges young readers to look at how their own actions influence the planet's health. With compare-and-contrast facts and vocabulary-building sidebars, each engaging guide reveals how environmental threats-both human and natural-affect plants and animals.Showcasing the diverse woodland of deciduous forests, this resource reveals how many of its threats come from humans. Covering topics such as deforestation, acid rain, disease, and invasive species, this engaging guide shows how, in the complicated web of life in the forest, even natural threats can be made worse by human activity.
Deciphering Chemical Language of Plant Communication
by James D. Blande Robert GlinwoodThis book provides an overviewof the intricacies of plant communication via volatile chemicals. Plantsproduce an extraordinarily vast array of chemicals, which provide communitymembers with detailed information about the producer's identity, physiology andphenology. Volatile organic chemicals, either as individual compounds or complexchemical blends, are a communication medium operating between plants and anyorganism able to detect the compounds and respond. The ecological andevolutionary origins of particular interactions between plants and the greatercommunity have been, and will continue to be, strenuously debated. However, itis clear that chemicals, and particularly volatile chemicals, constitute amedium akin to a linguistic tool. As well as possessing a rich chemicalvocabulary, plants are known to detect and respond to chemical cues. These cues can originate from neighbouring plants, or other associatedcommunity members. This book begins with chapters on the complexity of chemicalmessages, provides a broad perspective on a range of ecological interactionsmediated by volatile chemicals, and extends to cutting edge developments on thedetection of chemicals by plants.
Deciphering Drug Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
by Dileep Kumar Nanasaheb Thorat Vaishali M. Patil Dee WuThis book explains the fundamental characteristics and biofunctionality of Alzheimer’s Disease drug targets and provides up-to-date information on the full range of their biomedical applications. An introductory section gives an overview of the recent developments related to drug targets identified and studied related to Alzheimer’s Disease and key developments from preclinical and clinical studies focusing on various molecular targets related to AD and dementia by subject experts all around the globe. Here, individual chapters address the progress and perspectives in human and non-human research, role of various biomarkers as an overview, advanced gene therapy, and novel compounds for therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. The book will be essential reading for graduate students, scientists, and engineers in any of the biomedical research fields in which efforts are being made to utilize novel drug targets and develop effective strategies for new drug targeting and delivery in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
Deciphering The Role of Succinate Dehydrogenase in Drug Discovery: SDH in Drug Discovery
by Satya P. Gupta Dileep Kumar Vaishali Manikrao PatilThe book explores various aspects of Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) (an enzyme crucial for cellular respiration and energy production) from its assembly and regulation mechanisms to its deficiency and its implications in related disorders. It also encompasses the impact of SDH in obstructive pulmonary disorders, discussing its potential contributions and implications. It explores the design and development of SDH inhibitors as potent agent against fungal infections. It further examines the relationship between SDH mutations and cancer development, linking genetic alterations to tumorigenesis. The book focuses on therapeutic strategies and highlights the role of SDH in managing gastrointestinal tumors, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging-related diseases. It navigates through the challenges and prospects of utilizing SDH as a target for therapeutic interventions. The book also dives into the diagnostic aspects of SDH defects, elucidating their implications and potential diagnostic investigations. It serves as a comprehensive guide to unravel SDH's functions, dysfunctions, and therapeutic potentials. By amalgamating diverse areas such as enzymology, genetics, pharmacology, and disease management, this book emerges as an invaluable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students alike.
Deciphering the Universe through Spectroscopy (Reviews in Modern Astronomy #22)
by Regina Von BerlepschThis 22nd volume in the series contains 15 invited reviews and highlight contributions from outstanding speakers presented during the 2009 annual meeting of the Astronomical Society on the subject of "Deciphering the Universe through Spectroscopy", held in Potsdam, Germany. Topics range from the measurements of magnetic fields on the surface of the sun via detailed measurements of abundances in stellar atmospheres to the kinematics of the universe at its largest scales. The result is a systematic overview of the latest astronomical and cosmological research.
Decision Analysis Applied to the Field of Environmental Health (Professional Practice in Earth Sciences)
by Dilber Uzun Ozsahin Berna Uzun James LaMoreaux Tamer SanlidagThis book provides students and researchers with a resource that includes the current application of the multi-criteria decision theory in a variety of fields, including the environment, health care, engineering, and architecture. There are many critical parameters (criteria) that can directly or indirectly affect the consequences of various decisions. The application of the multi-criteria decision theory focusses mainly on the use of computational methods which include multiple criteria and orders of preference for the evaluation and the selection of the best option among many alternatives based on the desired outcome. The theory of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is an approach that can be extremely useful for students, managers, engineers of manufacturing companies, etc.
Decision Making Algorithms for Hydro-Power Plant Location
by Mrinmoy Majumder Soumya GhoshThe present study has attempted to apply the advantage of neuro-genetic algorithms for optimal decision making in maximum utilization of natural resources. Hydro-power is one of the inexpensive, but a reliable source of alternative energy which is foreseen as the possible answer to the present crisis in the energy sector. However, the major problem related to hydro-energy is its dependency on location. An ideal location can produce maximum energy with minimum loss. Besides, such power-plant also requires substantial amount of land which is a precious resource nowadays due to the rapid and uncontrolled urbanization observed in most of the urban centres in the World. The feasibility of such plants also depends on social acceptance as well as the level of environmental casualty and economic benefit, all of which is also spatially dependent. Decision making algorithms are applied to identify better solution if a problem has more than one alternative explication. Nature based algorithms are found to be efficient enough to catalyze such kind of decision making analysis. That is why the present study tries to utilize nature based algorithms to solve the problems of location selection for hydropower plants. The study employed six different types of nature based algorithms to select one of the locations among many available for installation of hydropower plant in the North Eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. The locations are selected based on their in stream resources and included in the decision making as alternatives. A methodology of criteria selection, determination of weightage and applications of bioinspired algorithms are adopted to produce utmost exertion of the available natural resources with minimum hostility and wastage of the same.
Decision Making Using AI in Energy and Sustainability: Methods and Models for Policy and Practice (Applied Innovation and Technology Management)
by Gülgün Kayakutlu M. Özgür KayalicaArtificial intelligence (AI) has a huge impact on science and technology, including energy, where access to resources has been a source of geopolitical conflicts. AI can predict the demand and supply of renewable energy, optimize efficiency in energy systems, and improve the management of natural energy resources, among other things. This book explores the use of AI tools for improving the management of energy systems and providing sustainability with smart cities, smart facilities, smart buildings, smart transportation, and smart houses. Featuring research from International Federation for Information Processing's (IFIP) “AI in Energy and Sustainability” working group, this book provides new models and algorithms for AI applications in energy and sustainability fields. Any short-term, mid-term and long-term forecasting, optimization models, trend foresights and prescriptions based on scenarios are studied in the energy world and the smart systems for sustainability. The contents of this book are valuable for energy researchers, academics, scholars, practitioners and policy makers.
Decision Making and Modelling in Cognitive Science
by Sisir RoyThis book discusses the paradigm of quantum ontology as an appropriate model for measuring cognitive processes. It clearly shows the inadequacy of the application of classical probability theory in modelling the human cognitive domain. The chapters investigate the context dependence and neuronal basis of cognition in a coherent manner. According to this framework, epistemological issues related to decision making and state of mind are seen to be similar to issues related to equanimity and neutral mind, as discussed in Buddhist perspective. The author states that quantum ontology as a modelling tool will help scientists create new methodologies of modelling in other streams of science as well.
Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesWith the growing number, complexity, and importance of environmental problems come demands to include a full range of intellectual disciplines and scholarly traditions to help define and eventually manage such problems more effectively. Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Prioritiesis the result of a 2-year effort by 12 social and behavioral scientists, scholars, and practitioners. The report sets research priorities for the social and behavioral sciences as they relate to several different kinds of environmental problems.
Decision Making in Natural Resource Management: A Structured, Adaptive Approach
by Michael J. Conroy James T. PetersonThis book is intended for use by natural resource managers and scientists, and students in the fields of natural resource management, ecology, and conservation biology, who are confronted with complex and difficult decision making problems. The book takes readers through the process of developing a structured approach to decision making, by firstly deconstructing decisions into component parts, which are each fully analyzed and then reassembled to form a working decision model. The book integrates common-sense ideas about problem definitions, such as the need for decisions to be driven by explicit objectives, with sophisticated approaches for modeling decision influence and incorporating feedback from monitoring programs into decision making via adaptive management. Numerous worked examples are provided for illustration, along with detailed case studies illustrating the authors’ experience in applying structured approaches. There is also a series of detailed technical appendices. An accompanying website provides computer code and data used in the worked examples. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/conroy/naturalresourcemanagement.
Decision Making in Timber Production, Harvest, and Marketing (Routledge Revivals)
by Marion ClawsonClawson explores the issues related to timber management with a particular focus on the harvesting of timber stands in Decision Making in Timber Production, Harvest and Marketing. Originally published in 1977, her study considers biological, economic and management implications of timber growing as well as the decision-making process in U.S forest Situations including methods of analysis. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental studies and professionals.