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Design, Development and Analysis of Lunar Crescent Visibility Criterion With Python
by Muhamad Syazwan Faid Mohd Saiful Nawawi Mohd Hafiz SaadonThe analysis of lunar crescent visibility criterion is vital in providing a comparative insight for predicting the visibility and suitability for Hijri calendar determination. While there have been previous attempts to measure the performance of lunar crescent visibility criterion, these attempts only apply to a singular analysis and not a comparative examination.Design, Development and Analysis of Lunar Crescent Visibility Criterion with Python explores the development of an analysis tool for lunar crescent visibility criterion using an integrated lunar crescent visibility database. The analysis tool, called HilalPy and HilalObs, was developed in the form of a Python library, so that it can be integrated into other software and webpages to enable deployment into various operating systems. This book will provide useful insights for the future development of lunar crescent visibility criterion, particularly for calendrical purposes.Key Features:● Presents an analysis tool for lunar crescent visibility based on an integrated lunar crescent report database.● Offers researchers and practitioners the capability to perform comparative analyses of the percentage of reliability in lunar crescent visibility criteria, thereby contributing to the construction of robust criteria for determining the Hijri calendar.● Provides a comprehensive resource for researchers, students, policymakers, and practitioners involved in the determination of the Hijri calendar.
Design, Implementation, Monitoring, and Sharing of Performance Standards for Laboratory Animal Use: Summary of a Workshop
by Joe AlperIn order to better understand the critical issues pertaining to the concept of performance standards for laboratory animal use, the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use held a public workshop on April 20-21, 2015. The purpose of the workshop was to promote the appropriate and responsible care of animals in research, to provide a balanced and civil forum for discussion and collaboration, and to help build transparency and trust among stakeholders. Participants addressed the challenges of defining, developing, implementing, assessing, and validating performance standards to ensure "optimal practices, management, and operations. " This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Design, Make, Play: Growing the Next Generation of STEM Innovators
by Margaret Honey David E. Kanter"Design, Make, Play: Growing the Next Generation of STEM Innovators is a resource for practitioners, policymakers, researchers and program developers that illuminates creative, cutting edge ways to inspire and motivate young people about science and technology learning. The book is aligned with the National Research Council's new Framework for Science Education, which includes an explicit focus on engineering and design content, as well as integration across disciplines. Extensive case studies explore real world examples of innovative programs that take place in a variety of settings, including schools, museums, community centers, and virtual spaces. Design, Make, and Play are presented as learning methodologies that have the power to rekindle children's intrinsic motivation and innate curiosity about STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields. A digital companion app showcases rich multimedia that brings the stories and successes of each program's and the students who learn there's to life"--
Design, Modeling and Control of Nanopositioning Systems
by Andrew J. Fleming Kam K. LeangCovering the complete design cycle of nanopositioning systems, this is the first comprehensive text on the topic. The book first introduces concepts associated with nanopositioning stages and outlines their application in such tasks as scanning probe microscopy, nanofabrication, data storage, cell surgery and precision optics. Piezoelectric transducers, employed ubiquitously in nanopositioning applications are then discussed in detail including practical considerations and constraints on transducer response. The reader is then given an overview of the types of nanopositioner before the text turns to the in-depth coverage of mechanical design including flexures, materials, manufacturing techniques, and electronics. This process is illustrated by the example of a high-speed serial-kinematic nanopositioner. Position sensors are then catalogued and described and the text then focuses on control. Several forms of control are treated: shunt control, feedback control, force feedback control and feedforward control (including an appreciation of iterative learning control). Performance issues are given importance as are problems limiting that performance such as hysteresis and noise which arise in the treatment of control and are then given chapter-length attention in their own right. The reader also learns about cost functions and other issues involved in command shaping, charge drives and electrical considerations. All concepts are demonstrated experimentally including by direct application to atomic force microscope imaging. Design, Modeling and Control of Nanopositioning Systems will be of interest to researchers in mechatronics generally and in control applied to atomic force microscopy and other nanopositioning applications. Microscope developers and mechanical designers of nanopositioning devices will find the text essential reading.
Design, Operation, and Control of Insect-Rearing Systems: Science, Technology, and Infrastructure
by Allen Carson CohenDesign, Operation, and Control of Insect-Rearing Systems: Science, Technology, and Infrastructure explains the fundamental components of insect rearing: 1) the rearing systems, per se 2) personnel 3) education of rearing personnel 4) communication of procedures 5) an in-depth look at silkworm rearing 5) facilities where rearing is conducted, and 6) funding for all these components. Insect rearing serves a wide array of purposes, including research, pest control by sterile insect technique and biological control, production of insects as food for other animals, conservation, education, and even far-reaching technology where insects are used to produce products such as pharmaceutical materials and strong, multipurpose textiles. This book surveys and analyzes insect rearing from a scientific and technology-based approach. At its foundation, this approach assumes that rearing systems are complex interactions of components that can be understood and controlled by using a mechanistic approach. Author Allen Carson Cohen explains the infrastructure of rearing systems, their current status and character, and what kind of changes can be made to improve the field of insect rearing. Two Appendices republish out-of-print monographs that provide fascinating historical context to the development of the insect-rearing systems we have today.
Design, Simulation and Optimization of Adsorptive and Chromatographic Separations: A Hands-On Approach
by Y. A. Liu Kevin R. Wood Yueying YuThis book allows the reader to effectively design, simulate and optimize adsorptive and chromatographic separations for industrial applications. To achieve this, a unified approach is presented, which develops the ideal and intermediate equations necessary, while simultaneously offering hands-on case studies employing the rigorous simulation packages Aspen Adsorption and Aspen Chromatography. The first part of the book deals with design strategies, detailed design considerations and the assumptions, which the models are allowed to make and covers shortcut design methods as well as mathematical tools to determine optimal operating conditions. These insights are used in Chapter 4 & 5 to estimate and optimize performance parameters, such as purity, recovery, etc. as well as the regression of these parameters.
Design, Synthesis and Applications of One-Dimensional Chalcogenide Hetero-Nanostructures
by Tao-Tao ZhuangThis thesis focuses on the design and synthesis of novel one-dimensional colloidal chalcogenide hetero-nanostructures for enhancing solar energy conversion applications. Semiconducting nanomaterials are particular attractive for energy conversion due to the quantum confinement effects dictating their unique optical and electronic properties. Steering the photo-induced charge-flow based on unique bandgap alignment in semiconductor heterojunctions is critical for photo-electric/chemical conversion.The author presents the controllable preparation strategies to synthesize 1D chalcogenide hetero-nanostructures with various fine structures, further been used as excellent template materials for preparing other novel and complex hybrid architectures through a series of chemical transformations. The heterogeneous growth mechanisms of novel hetero-nanostructures is studied for developing a facile and general method to prepare more novel heterostructures. The band gap structure simulations, detailed charge carrier behaviour and unique solar energy conversion properties of the prepared hybrid nanostructures are deeply investigated. This work would open a new door to rationally designing hybrid systems for photo-induced applications.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of new Supramolecular Architectures
by Massimo BaronciniThis thesis focuses on the bottom-up design, construction and operation of supramolecular systems capable of behaving as devices and machines on the molecular scale, which is a topic of great interest in nanoscience and a fascinating challenge in nanotechnology. In particular, the systems investigated here include: polyviologen dendrimers capable of behaving as hosts and chargestoring devices; molecular machines based on pseudorotaxanes/rotaxanes and operated by photoinduced proton transfer, or photoisomerization reactions; and a simple unimolecular multiplexer/demultiplexer. The systems have been characterized using a variety of techniques including absorption and emission spectra, laser flash photolysis, NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical experiments, stopped flow measurements. This research addresses a large number of open problems in the nanosciences, dealing with a wide range of the most advanced applications of supramolecular systems.
Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Redox-Active Bisquinodimethanes (Springer Theses)
by Takashi HarimotoThis book focuses on the construction of redox systems composed of doubly fused para-quinodimethane (p-QD) units and on the elucidation of the unique redox behavior. p-QD is a class of non-aromatic π-conjugated compounds that is well-known to be interconvertible scaffolds in many response systems due to its contribution of resonance structure with a planar aromatic sextet ring. This book describes studies on a strategy for precisely controlling the frontier orbital levels of p-QD-based redox systems and a nature of cationic states of π-electron systems with doubly fused p-QD units. The author revealed that multi-redox unimolecular systems with cross-linking of the two sterically strained p-QD units exhibit unique hysteretic character or have a domino effect upon electron transfer, which cannot be achieved in a monomeric p-QD-based system. Thus, these studies are milestones in creating functional redox systems unprecedented dynamic redox (dyrex) behaviors. A study on cationic states of π-electron systems with doubly fused p-QD units and their intrinsic redox properties will lead to the development of unprecedented dyrex systems, the frontier orbital levels of which can be precisely controlled by input of external stimuli such as electric potential and heat. This book benefits chemists with a deeper understanding of the redox-active molecules.
Design/Repair: Place, Practice & Community
by Alison Gill Eleni Kalantidou Guy Keulemans Abby Mellick Lopes Niklavs RubenisThis collection of essays sheds light on repair as a disposition to material culture and a practice rooted in diverse sociocultural experiences. It provides an in-depth exploration of how repair manifests itself through the different lenses of governance, grassroots activism, transformative design and community-led initiatives. Most importantly, the chapters demonstrate how place-based approaches can reveal blueprints for social impact in circumstances of growing environmental and social precariousness.
Designed Experiments for Science and Engineering
by Michael D. HollowayDesigned Experiments for Science and Engineering is a versatile and overarching toolkit that explores various methods of designing experiments for over 20 disciplines in science and engineering.Designed experiments provide a structured approach to hypothesis testing, data analysis, and decision‑making. They allow researchers and engineers to efficiently explore multiple factors, interactions, and their impact on outcomes, ultimately leading to better‑designed processes, products, and systems across a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines. Each discipline covered in this book includes the key characteristics of the steps in choosing and executing the experimental designs (one factor, fractional factorial, mixture experimentation, factor central composite, 3‑factor + central composite, etc.) and reviews the various statistical tools used as well as the steps in how to utilize each (standard deviation analysis, analysis of variance [ANOVA], relative standard deviation, bias analysis, etc.).This book is essential reading for students and professionals who are involved in research and development within various fields in science and engineering, such as mechanical engineering, environmental science, manufacturing, and aerospace engineering.
Designer Animals
by Conrad Brunk Sarah HartleyDesigner Animals is an in-depth study of the debates surrounding the development of animal biotechnology, which is quickly emerging out of the laboratory and into the commercial marketplace. This book innovatively combines expert analysis on the technology's economic, professional, ethical, and religious implications while remaining firmly grounded in the 'real world' political environment in which the issue is played out. Designer Animals uses non-technical language to explore the science behind animal biotechnology and the ethical frameworks at play in its surrounding debates. By investigating the interests of major stakeholders, including researchers on the cutting edge of science; mainstream and 'alternative' agriculture organizations; the animal welfare movement; and health care providers, patients, and researchers, the contributors illuminate the most important points of agreement and disagreement on this hotly contested topic.
Designer Science: A History of Intelligent Design in America
by C.W. HowellThe history of the intelligent design movement and its legacyAnti-science rhetoric in contemporary American politics has become a preoccupying concern for science educators, politicians, and government employees. But why are so many Americans primed to distrust the scientific establishment? This book offers a history of the intelligent design movement, analyzing the links between the legal contests over United States high school curricula and a radical rejection of contemporary scientific practice. Though closely associated with creationism, the intelligent design movement has its own story. It is related to but different from the various forms of creationism, and it has a unique background in natural theology and conservative politics. Typically perceived today as defunct after its public defeat in the 2005 Kitzmiller v. Dover court case, intelligent design did not disappear, and this book makes the case that its legacy is far more significant than we might think. Though it failed to achieve its goal of remaking contemporary science, intelligent design played a crucial role in legitimizing a mindset of suspicion which has taken hold in discussions of climate change, COVID-19, and vaccine hesitancy. In today’s post-truth moment, where scientific expertise has become increasingly rejected, the volume showcases that the intelligent design movement’s most lasting effects may not be in its challenge to evolution, but in the way it influenced the public’s understanding of science and scientists. Designer Science makes the case that we are all grappling today with intelligent design’s legacy, and it offers a history of how we got here.
Designer’s Guide to Lab Practice (Bio Design)
by Assia CrawfordThis book explores the growing field of bio-design through interdisciplinary creative practice. The volume illustrates a range of experimental working techniques while offering a foundational understanding of lab practice principles. The book highlights the myriad of opportunities presented by microorganisms that have reshaped the planet and made it habitable. The book provides an account of the creation of living materials from the point of view of an architectural design practitioner. The transition from traditional design practice to laboratory investigation is captured, highlighting strategies of creating partnerships across a range of fields. The book demonstrates laboratory methods and ways of investigating the development of living materials and celebrates the growing body of practitioners, scientists, activists and anthropologists who are reimagining new strategies for addressing contemporary environmental challenges. Designer's Guide to Lab Practice looks at ways in which integrating living components with needs of their own would not only help offset the environmental impact that we have on our planet but could also create a closer relationship with nature. It is a working manual as well as a guide to emerging practitioners seeking to transition into a field that is yet to be defined and that offers the promise of a new era of human habitat making as a direct response to the looming ecological crisis.
Designing Aeration Systems using Baseline Mass Transfer Coefficients: For Water and Wastewater Treatment
by Johnny LeeThe book is about the discovery of a Standard Specific Baseline Mass Transfer Coefficient (KLa0)20 that represents a revolutionary change in the understanding, designing, and operation of aeration equipment, as well as providing a baseline for future research and development for water and wastewater treatment systems. It discusses the use of the Standard Model for oxygen transfer to determine the baseline, and its major finding is to show that the gas transfer model is a consistent relativistic theory of molecular interactions. Previously, the challenge was the appearance of divergences in the mass transfer coefficient estimations that defies aeration design. This normalization to a baseline is a great achievement in physics and engineering.
Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials For Restorative Dentistry
by Mary Anne S. MeloRestorative biomaterials in dentistry are designed to restore the shape and function of teeth. Their applicability is related to restorative procedures such as dental restorations, dentures, dental implants, and endodontic materials. Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry reviews the current state of the art for restorative biomaterials and discusses the near-future trends in this field. The book examines the biomaterials utilized in restorative dental applications (bonding, composites, cements, and ceramics) and assesses the design for these materials and the role of nanotechnology. All of the contributors are active clinical dentists and researchers in this field. FEATURES Overviews the major ongoing research efforts on developing bioactive bonding systems and composites in dental biomaterials Focuses on emerging trends in restorative dental biomaterials Incorporates evidence-based data on new restorative dental materials throughout the book Features extensive references at the end of each chapter to enhance further study Mary Anne S. Melo, DDS, MSc, PhD FADM, is an Associate Professor and Division Director of Operative Dentistry at the School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
Designing Controls for the Process Industries
by Wayne Seames<p>Offering a modern, process-oriented approach emphasizing process control scheme development instead of extended coverage of LaPlace space descriptions of process dynamics, this text focuses on aspects that are most important for process engineering in the 21st century. Instead of starting with the controller, the book starts with the process and moves on to how basic regulatory control schemes can be designed to achieve the process’ objectives while maintaining stable operations. In addition to continuous control concepts, process and control system dynamics are embedded into the text with each new concept presented. <p>The book also includes sections on batch and semi-batch processes and safety automation within each concept area. It discusses the four most common process control loops—feedback, feedforward, ratio, and cascade—and discusses application of these techniques for process control schemes for the most common types of unit operations. It also discusses more advanced and less commonly used regulatory control options such as override, allocation, and split range controllers, includes an introduction to higher level automation functions, and provides guidance for ways to increase the overall safety, stability, and efficiency for many process applications. It introduces the theory behind the most common types of controllers used in the process industries and also provides various additional plant automation-related subjects.</p>
Designing Controls for the Process Industries
by Wayne SeamesOffering a modern, process-oriented approach emphasizing process control scheme development instead of extended coverage of LaPlace space descriptions of process dynamics, Designing Controls for the Process Industries focuses on aspects that are most important for contemporary practical process engineering and reflects the industry’s use of digital distributed control-based systems. The second edition now features 60 tutorial videos demonstrating solutions to most of the example problems. Instead of starting with the controller, the book starts with the process and moves on to how basic regulatory control schemes can be designed to achieve the process objectives while maintaining stable operations. In addition to continuous control concepts, process and control system dynamics are embedded into the text with each new concept presented. The book alsoincludes sections on batch and semi-batch processes and safety automation within each concept area. It discusses the four most common control techniques: control loop feedback, feedforward, ratio, and cascade, and discusses application of these techniques for process control schemes for the most common types of unit operations. It also discusses more advanced andless commonly used regulatory control options such as override, allocation, and split range controllers; includes an introduction to higher-level automation functions; and provides guidance for ways to increase the overall safety, stability, and efficiency for many process applications. It introduces the theory behind the most common types of controllers used in the process industries and provides various additional plant automation-related subjects. The new edition also includes new homework problems and examples, including multiple choice questions for flipped classes, information about statistical process control, and a new case study that documents the development of regulatory control schemes for an entire process area. Aimed at chemical engineering students in process control courses, as well as practicing process and control engineers, this textbook offers an alternative to traditional texts and offers a practical, hands-on approach to design of process controls. PowerPoint lecture slides, multiple-choice quiz questions for each chapter, and a solutions manual are available to qualifying instructors. Tutorial-style videos for most of the text examples are available for all readers to download.
Designing Dendrimers
by Sebastiano Campagna Fausto Puntoriero Paola CeroniResearch on dendrimers has exploded in the last 15 years, moving from the establishment of synthetic methodologies, particularly in the early years up to the end of nineties, towards sophisticated and wide-ranging applications. Dendrimers play an important role in many different areas, spanning from basic synthetic approaches to artificial photosynthesis, to medicine, to catalysis. The great potential of dendrimers is well-recognized by the hundreds of papers in the field and the increasing number of patents, and stimulated developments in other areas of knowledge, including new characterization techniques. However, some basic principles and methods still continue to give a unity to the field. Although several books on dendrimers have been published during these 15 years, the very recent progresses in new areas now requires a new point of view, trying to give a unifying and comprehensive outlook of the field. Since the first dendrimer was synthesized by Vögtle in 1978, dendrimers have experienced an explosion of scientific interest because of their unique molecular architecture. This resulted in over 5,000 scientific papers and patents published by the end of 2005. The proposed book will cover both fundamental and applicative aspects of dendrimer research. Chapters devoted to basic principles, synthetic methods and strategies, and advanced characterization techniques will be integrated by chapters illustrating the full potential of dendrimers in various fields, like artificial photosynthesis, multi-redox pool systems, diagnostics, biomedical and sensing purposes, design of functional nanostructures. Particular emphasis will be devoted to possible future developments.
Designing Digital Experiences For Positive Youth Development: From Playpen To Playground
by Marina Umaschi BersBased on over a decade and a half of research, Designing Digital Experiences for Positive Youth Development aims to guide readers in the design of digital technologies to promote positive behaviors in children and teenagers.
Designing Electronic Product Enclosures
by Tony SerksnisThis text explains the process of the design of product electronic enclosures. These products typically contain a printed circuit board. The text takes the reader from the original idea for a product, through the shipment in quantity to a customer. For the product enclosure designer, this proceeds through design layout, material selection, prototype building, testing, and ongoing design improvement. The book presents a substantive and lucid treatment of the structural, thermal, user-interface, assembly, quality control, and cost considerations of the product enclosure. Of special note is a discussion on the regulatory issues involved with the design of a product. A main thrust of the text is on the "commercialization" aspects of electronic products, that is, when an enclosure is needed for the product to meet environmental and certification requirements globally. The book targets the broadest audience tasked to design/manufacture an enclosure, from mechanical/industrial engineers to designers and technicians. While the intent of the text is not to provide a complete understanding of relevant physical phenomena addressed (strength of materials, shock and vibration, heat transfer), the book provides a ready reference on how and where these key properties may be considered in the design of most electronic enclosures.Elucidates successful enclosure design for electronic products, defining the design team and the definition of successExplains the processes for building enclosures, including printed circuit board layout (mechanical considerations) and optimal object placement, structural considerations, material selection, and user interface designIncludes treatment of serviceability, product environments, standards and testing, cooling techniques as well as guidelines for Electromagnetic Compliance (EMC) standards and testing required to pass FCC/CEReinforces design concepts presented with relevant solved problems
Designing Engineering Structures using Stochastic Optimization Methods
by Levent Aydin H Seçil Artem Selda OterkusAmong all aspects of engineering, design is the most important step in developing a new product. A systematic approach to managing design issues can only be accomplished by applying mathematical optimization methods. Furthermore, due to the practical issues in engineering problems, there are limitations in using traditional methods. As such, stochastic optimization methods such as differential evolution, simulated annealing, and genetic algorithms are preferable in finding solutions in design optimization problems. This book reviews mechanical engineering design optimization using stochastic methods. It introduces students and design engineers to practical aspects of complicated mathematical optimization procedures, and outlines steps for wide range of selected engineering design problems. It shows how engineering structures are systematically designed. Many new engineering design applications based on stochastic optimization techniques in automotive, energy, military, naval, manufacturing process and fluids-heat transfer, are described in the book. For each design optimization problem described, background is provided for understanding the solutions. There are very few books on optimization that include engineering applications. They cover limited applications, and that too of well-known design problems of advanced and niche nature. Common problems are hardly addressed. Thus, the subject has remained fairly theoretical. To overcome this, each chapter in this book is contributed by at least one academic and one industrial expert researcher.
Designing Exoskeletons
by Luis Adrian Zuñiga-Aviles Giorgio Mackenzie Cruz-MartinezDesigning Exoskeletons focuses on developing exoskeletons, following the lifecycle of an exoskeleton from design to manufacture. It demonstrates how modern technologies can be used at every stage of the process, such as design methodologies, CAD/CAE/CAM software, rapid prototyping, test benches, materials, heat and surface treatments, and manufacturing processes. Several case studies are presented to provide detailed considerations on developing specific topics. Exoskeletons are designed to provide work-power, rehabilitation, and assistive training to sports and military applications. Beginning with a review of the history of exoskeletons from ancient to modern times, the book builds on this by mapping out recent innovations and state-of-the-art technologies that utilize advanced exoskeleton design. Presenting a comprehensive guide to computer design tools used by bioengineers, the book demonstrates the capabilities of modern software at all stages of the process, looking at computer-aided design, manufacturing, and engineering. It also details the materials used to create exoskeletons, notably steels, engineering polymers, composites, and emerging materials. Manufacturing processes, both conventional and unconventional are discussed—for example, casting, powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, and heat and surface treatments. This book is essential reading for those in the field of exoskeletons, such as designers, workers in research and development, engineering and design students, and those interested in robotics applied to medical devices.
Designing Freedom (The CBC Massey Lectures)
by Stafford BeerDistinguished cyberneticist Stafford Beer states the case for a new science of systems theory and cybernetics. His essays examine such issues as The Real Threat to All We Hold Most Dear, The Discarded Tools of Modern Man, A Liberty Machine in Prototype, Science in the Service of Man, The Future That Can Be Demanded Now, The Free Man in a Cybernetic World. Designing Freedom ponders the possibilities of liberty in a cybernetic world.
Designing Futures: Bridging Creativity, Sustainability, and Technology in Education and Industry (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Angeles Sánchez Marina Checa Olivas Saimir Shtylla Antonio Maffei Claudio SassanelliThis book is a compelling exploration into the integration of sustainability with creativity and technology. It offers a cohesive journey from theoretical insights into practical applications across creative disciplines, education, and industries. This book serves as a crucial guide for those looking to navigate the challenges of modern sustainability through innovative solutions. By showcasing examples from 3D printing in education to sustainable practices in creative industries and the preservation of cultural heritage through digital innovation, it highlights the transformative power of creativity in fostering a sustainable future. Aimed at academics, professionals, and students, this book is an invitation to engage, innovate, and contribute to the sustainability discourse in the creative sectors.