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Eco2 Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic Cities
by Sebastian Moffatt Hinako Maruyama Hiroaki Suzuki Arish Dastur Nanae YabukiThe Eco2 Cities approach is a point of departure for cities that would like to reap the many benefits of ecological and economic sustainability. It provides an analytical and operational framework that offers strategic guidance to cities on sustainable and integrated urban development. At the same time case studies are used throughout the book to provide a matter-of-fact and ground-level perspective. The Eco2 framework is flexible and easily customized to the context of each country or city. Based on the particular circumstances and the development priorities of a city - the application of the framework can contribute to the development of a unique action plan or roadmap in each case. This action plan can be triggered through catalyst projects. To support this framework, the book also begins to introduce some powerful and practical methods and tools that can further enable sustainable and integrated city planning and decision making. These include 1) operational and process methods that can strengthen collaborative decision making and cross-sector synergies in a city; 2) analytical methods ranging from diagnostics, simulation, design and scenario-generation; and 3) accounting and benchmarking methods which can help clarify, define and measure what it means to truly invest in sustainability and resilience. As additional reference reading, the book also features a series of case studies from best practice cities around the world, each demonstrating a very different dimension of the Eco2 approach. It also features a series of infrastructure sector notes (on spatial development, transport, energy, water and waste management), each of which explore sector specific issues as they pertain to urban development, and the many opportunities for coordination and integration across sectors.
EcoDesign and Sustainability I: Products, Services, and Business Models (Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management)
by Mitsutaka Matsumoto Shinichi Fukushige Yusuke Kishita Masato InoueThis book highlights cutting-edge ecodesign research, covering product and service design, smart manufacturing, and social perspectives in ecodesign. Featuring selected papers presented at EcoDesign 2019: 11th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, it also includes diverse, interdisciplinary approaches to foster ecodesign research and activities. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it addresses the need for the manufacturing industry to design innovations for sustainable value creation, taking into account technological developments, legislation, and consumer lifestyles. Further, the book discusses the concept of circular economy, which originated in Europe and aims to increase resource efficiency by shifting away from the linear economy. Focusing on product life cycle design and management, smart manufacturing, circular economy, and business strategies, and providing useful approaches and solutions to these emerging concepts, this book is intended for both researchers and practitioners working in the broad field of ecodesign and sustainability.
EcoDesign and Sustainability II: Social Perspectives and Sustainability Assessment (Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management)
by Mitsutaka Matsumoto Shinichi Fukushige Yusuke Kishita Masato InoueThis book highlights cutting-edge ecodesign research, covering product and service design, smart manufacturing, and social perspectives in ecodesign. Featuring selected papers presented at EcoDesign 2019: 11th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, it also includes diverse, interdisciplinary approaches to foster ecodesign research and activities. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it addresses the need for the manufacturing industry to design innovations for sustainable value creation, taking into account technological developments, legislation, and consumer lifestyles. Further, the book discusses the concept of circular economy, which originated in Europe and aims to increase resource efficiency by shifting away from the linear economy.Focusing on product life cycle design and management, smart manufacturing, circular economy, and business strategies, and providing useful approaches and solutions to these emerging concepts, this book is intended for both researchers and practitioners working in the broad field of ecodesign and sustainability.
EcoDesign for Circular Value Creation: Volume I
by Shinichi Fukushige Tomomi Nonaka Hideki Kobayashi Eiji Yamasue Chiharu TokoroThis 2-volume book sheds new light on the forefront of ecodesign research, encompassing product and service design, smart manufacturing, and social perspectives. Featuring selected papers from EcoDesign 2023: 13th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, it offers interdisciplinary approaches to foster sustainable innovations. Within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it underscores the necessity for the manufacturing sector to innovate for sustainable value creation, taking into account technological advancements, regulatory requirements, and consumer behavior. Additionally, it explores the concept of the circular economy, which originated in Europe and seeks to enhance resource efficiency by transitioning from a linear to a circular economic model. This book aims to unite professionals across the globe who are dedicated to advancing the field of ecodesign, and facilitating the exchange of knowledge across various disciplines and communities. The first volume highlights the product life cycle design and management, sustainability assessment for ecoDesign, and circular economy. Readers will delve into the environmentally conscious design of products and services, life cycle management, sustainable manufacturing, EoL management and process technologies, green supply chain management, life cycle evaluation, and sustainability indices. Contributions from renowned scholars provide critical insights into ecodesign regulations compliance processes like EPD certifications; consumer behavior towards eco-labels; innovative business models for sustainability; participatory approaches for ESG initiatives; digital twins for real-time life cycle assessment; AI techniques supporting wastewater treatment; among others.
EcoDesign for Circular Value Creation: Volume II
by Shinichi Fukushige Tomomi Nonaka Hideki Kobayashi Eiji Yamasue Chiharu TokoroThis 2-volume book highlights cutting-edge ecodesign research, encompassing product and service design, smart manufacturing, and social perspectives. Featuring selected papers from EcoDesign 2023: 13th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, it offers interdisciplinary approaches to foster sustainable innovations. Within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it underscores the necessity for the manufacturing sector to innovate for sustainable value creation, taking into account technological advancements, regulatory requirements, and consumer behavior. Additionally, it explores the concept of the circular economy, which originated in Europe and seeks to enhance resource efficiency by transitioning from a linear to a circular economic model. This book aims to unite professionals across the globe who are dedicated to advancing the field of ecodesign, and facilitating the exchange of knowledge across various disciplines and communities. The second volume highlights sustainable technology, social perspectives in ecodesign, and business strategy. The chapters cover digital and AI technologies for sustainability, sustainable social infrastructure, smart manufacturing, sustainable consumption and production, policy, legislation and social activities, finance and investment for sustainability, green business, and engineering economics. Readers will discover diverse perspectives from expert contributors who delve into critical issues like climate change education in primary schools in Vietnam; food security in Japan; repurposing lithium-ion batteries; carbon neutrality through sensor-based smart city services; life cycle assessments of automotive parts; human health risks from chemicals in export products; and developing high-resolution spatial global biodiversity damage factors. This collection invites readers to think through critical questions about resource efficiency and the shift from a linear to a circular economy. Researchers in the fields of sustainable design, environmental engineering, policy-making, and business strategy will find this book invaluable.
EcoDesign for Sustainable Products, Services and Social Systems I
by Shinichi Fukushige Hideki Kobayashi Eiji Yamasue Keishiro HaraThis 2-volume book highlights cutting-edge ecodesign research and covers broad areas ranging from individual product and service design to social system design. It includes business and policy design, circular production, life cycle design and management, digitalization for sustainable manufacturing, user behavior and health, ecodesign of social infrastructure, sustainability education, sustainability indicators, and energy system design. Featuring selected papers presented at EcoDesign 2021: 12th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, it also includes diverse, interdisciplinary approaches to foster ecodesign research and activities. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), it addresses design innovations for sustainable value creation, considering technological developments, legislation, and consumer lifestyles. Further, the book discusses the concept of circular economy, which aims to develop circular business models for resource efficient society by taking advantage of digital technologies including artificial intelligence, internet of things, digital twin, data analysis and simulation. Written by experts from academia and industry, Volume 1 highlights sustainable design such as product and process design, collaborative design, sustainable innovation, digital technologies, design methodology for sustainability, and energy system design. The methods, tools, and practices described are useful for readers to facilitate value creation for sustainability.
EcoDesign for Sustainable Products, Services and Social Systems II
by Shinichi Fukushige Hideki Kobayashi Eiji Yamasue Keishiro HaraThis 2-volume book highlights cutting-edge ecodesign research and covers broad areas ranging from individual product and service design to social system design. It includes business and policy design, circular production, life cycle design and management, digitalization for sustainable manufacturing, user behavior and health, ecodesign of social infrastructure, sustainability education, sustainability indicators, and energy system design. Featuring selected papers presented at EcoDesign 2021: 12th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, it also includes diverse, interdisciplinary approaches to foster ecodesign research and activities. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), it addresses design innovations for sustainable value creation, considering technological developments, legislation, and consumer lifestyles. Further, the book discusses the conceptof circular economy, which aims to develop circular business models for resource efficient society by taking advantage of digital technologies including artificial intelligence, internet of things, digital twin, data analysis and simulation. Written by experts from academia and industry, Volume 2 focuses on the sustainability assessment of product lifecycle, waste management, material circularity and energy efficiency, food and agriculture, user behavior and health, and transportation. The methods, tools, and practices described are useful for readers to facilitate value creation for sustainability.
EcoMind: Changing the Way We Think, to Create the World We Want
by Frances Moore LappeIn Eco Mind, Frances Moore Lappé-a giant of the environmental movement-confronts accepted wisdom of environmentalism. Drawing on the latest research from anthropology to neuroscience and her own field experience, she argues that the biggest challenge to human survival isn’t our fossil fuel dependency, melting glaciers, or other calamities. Rather, it’s our faulty way of thinking about these environmental crises that robs us of power. Lappé dismantles seven common "thought traps”-from limits to growth to the failings of democracy- that belie what we now know about nature, including our own, and offers contrasting "thought leaps” that reveal our hidden power. Like her Diet for a Small Planet classic, Eco Mind is challenging, controversial and empowering.
EcoProduction and Logistics: Emerging Trends and Business Practices
by Paulina GolinskaEnvironmental awareness is driven mainly by the scarcity of natural resources and by more strict legal regulations. The modern enterprise policy should look at the relations between economic actions and ecological consequences. Ecoproduction is a new business approach which focuses on the most efficient and productive use of raw materials and natural resources in order to minimize footprints on the natural environment. This book aims to provide the state- of- the- art as well as new ideas of the environmental conscious operations management. The contributors present in the individual chapters problems related to: eco-friendly production technologies; recycling and waste reduction. Scope of topics discussed in this book covers also pollution prevention, energy efficiency. The authors describe problems of information management in complex systems
EcoResponsive Environments: A Framework for Settlement Design
by Ian Bentley Sue McGlynn Soham De Prachi RampuriaEcoResponsive Environments integrates our current knowledge of designing for human needs, with a deeper understanding of natural systems. The book offers both a call to action and a comprehensive yet pragmatic framework for practising the art and science of settlement design, called EcoResponsive Design.Bridging the gap between theory and generic policy on the one hand, and design for specific places and sites on the other, the book is aimed not only at the professionals involved in planning, designing and developing these places, but also the wider range of communities interested in creating better spaces for our everyday lives.EcoResponsive Design encompasses all scales, ranging from the overall form of settlements and the landscapes in which they sit, to buildings and the detailed design of public spaces. Drawing from projects, places and best practices in many different countries and contexts across the world, it demonstrates how positive changes at the local scale can be achieved for every single site, large or small. The book urges a shift in focus from individual specialisms to collaborative actions, enabling development stakeholders to negotiate a balance between short-term financial viability and longer-term environmental and social values.
EcoTech Urbanism: Pioneering Sustainable Technologies for Developing Cities (The Urban Book Series)
by Venkatesh Baskaran S. M. Renuka R. VelkennedyIn a world experiencing unprecedented urbanization and drastic climate change, there is immense demand for creative solutions to the environmental, social, and economic obstacles faced by burgeoning cities in the developing world. This book delves into the potential of innovative urban initiatives to address the challenges of urbanization in countries with limited resources, thereby contributing to sustainable and inclusive urban development. It explores how cutting-edge technologies can provide efficient functionality for urban residents through information and communications shared among stakeholders. The primary aim is to enhance the efficiency of urban operations, foster economic development, and improve the well-being of residents by leveraging intelligent technologies and analyzing data. Government and policy are recognized as fundamental drivers of urban development, and the book sheds light on initiatives supporting cities that are not only technologically advanced but also sustainable, inclusive, and equitable. Contributions provide insight into technological aspects of urbanism, including the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, data analytics, and essential infrastructure for sustainable city development. They also emphasize the importance of community engagement and inclusivity, stressing that urban initiatives should be designed for the benefit of all citizens, leaving no one behind. EcoTech Urbanism makes a compelling case for the imperative of sustainability in the future of urban areas, underscoring the critical role of technology in achieving this goal. The book offers a holistic perspective on the integration of eco-friendly technologies, fostering a balance between urban development and environmental conservation, ultimately paving the way for a future where cities thrive sustainably and inclusively.
Ecoacoustics: The Ecological Role of Sounds
by Almo Farina Stuart H. GageThe sounds produced by geophonic, biophonic and technophonic sources are relevant to the function of natural and human modified ecosystems. Passive recording is one of the most non-invasive technologies as its use avoids human intrusion during acoustic surveys and facilitates the accumulation of huge amounts of acoustical data. For the first time, this book collates and reviews the science behind ecoaucostics; illustrating the principles, methods and applications of this exciting new field. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include; the assessment of biodiversity based on sounds emanating from a variety of environments the best technologies and methods necessary to investigate environmental sounds implications for climate change and urban systems the relationship between landscape ecology and ecoacoustics the conservation of soundscapes and the social value of ecoacoustics areas of potential future research. An invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and students, Ecoacoustics: The Ecological Role of Sounds provides an unrivalled set of ideas, tools and references based on the current state of the field.
Ecocities Now: Building the Bridge to Socially Just and Ecologically Sustainable Cities
by Sahar Attia Jennie Moore Adel Abdel-Kader Aparajithan NarasimhanThis book presents a selection of the best papers submitted to the International Ecocity World Summit held in Vancouver, October 7-11, 2019. The objective is to accelerate knowledge dissemination about the development of ecocities through attention to what constitutes an ecocity, what cities around the world are doing, what Vancouver as an emerging ecocity is doing, and how education can play a role in preparing the next generation of ecocity practitioners. The book uses the Summit’s overarching theme and sub-themes as an organizing framework and aligns with the International Ecocity Standards that serve as a diagnostic tool to help cities assess their progress on the path to becoming ecocities. The Ecocity Standards are also proving useful to communities in developing locally relevant pathways to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The book is presented in four parts that align with the Summit overarching theme of i) building a bridge to socially just and ecologically sustainable cities, supported by sub-themes of ii) climate action, iii) circular economy, and iv) informal solutions for sustainable development. Chapters comprising each part in the book are introduced by a brief precis that orients the reader to the relevant Ecocity Standards that are being addressed and other important contextual considerations that open the potential application of the chapters to an international audience. Arguments presented in the selected papers provide an orientation to the importance of engaging people, where they live, in ecocity transformations as well as emerging opportunities for affordable and accessible technologies that help cities build capacity for implementation of ecocity initiatives.
Ecocriticism and the Anthropocene in Nineteenth-Century Art and Visual Culture (Routledge Advances in Art and Visual Studies)
by Maura CoughlinIn this volume, emerging and established scholars bring ethical and political concerns for the environment, nonhuman animals and social justice to the study of nineteenth-century visual culture. They draw their theoretical inspiration from the vitality of emerging critical discourses, such as new materialism, ecofeminism, critical animal studies, food studies, object-oriented ontology and affect theory. This timely volume looks back at the early decades of the Anthropocene to query the agency of visual culture to critique, create and maintain more resilient and biologically diverse local and global ecologies.
Ecocriticism on the Edge: The Anthropocene as a Threshold Concept
by Timothy ClarkThe twenty-first century has seen an increased awareness of the forms of environmental destruction that cannot immediately be seen, localised or, by some, even acknowledged. Ecocriticism on the Edge explores the possibility of a new mode of critical practice, one fully engaged with the destructive force of the planetary environmental crisis. Timothy Clark argues that, in literary and cultural criticism, the "Anthropocene", which names the epoch in which human impacts on the planet's ecological systems reach a dangerous limit, also represents a threshold at which modes of interpretation that once seemed sufficient or progressive become, in this new counterintuitive context, inadequate or even latently destructive. The book includes analyses of literary works, including texts by Paule Marshall, Gary Snyder, Ben Okri, Henry Lawson, Lorrie Moore and Raymond Carver.
Ecodramaturgies: Theatre, Performance and Climate Change (New Dramaturgies)
by Lisa WoynarskiThis book addresses theatre’s contribution to the way we think about ecology, our relationship to the environment, and what it means to be human in the context of climate change. It offers a detailed study of the ways in which contemporary performance has critiqued and re-imagined everyday ecological relationships, in more just and equitable ways. The broad spectrum of ecologically-oriented theatre and performance included here, largely from the UK, US, Canada, Europe, and Mexico, have problematised, reframed, and upended the pervasive and reductive images of climate change that tend to dominate the ecological imagination. Taking an inclusive approach this book foregrounds marginalised perspectives and the multiple social and political forces that shape climate change and related ecological crises, framing understandings of the earth as home. Recent works by Fevered Sleep, Rimini Protokoll, Violeta Luna, Deke Weaver, Metis Arts, Lucy + Jorge Orta, as well as Indigenous activist movements such as NoDAPL and Idle No More, are described in detail.
Ecofeminism and the Indian Novel (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies)
by Sangita PatilEcofeminism and the Indian Novel tests the theories of ecofeminism against the background of India’s often different perceptions of environmental problems, challenging the hegemony of Western culture in thinking about human problems. This book moves beyond a simple application of the concepts of ecofeminism, instead explaining the uniqueness of Indian novels as narratives of ecofeminism and how they can contribute to the development of the theory of ecofeminism. In examining a selection of novels, the author argues that Indian texts conceptualize the ecological crisis more as a human problem than as a gender problem. The book proposes that we should think of ecofeminism as ecohumanism instead, seeing human beings and nature as a part of a complex web. Novels analysed within the text include Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve (1954), Shivram Karanth’s Return to Earth (2002) and Na D’Souza’s Dweepa (2013). Ecofeminism and the Indian Novel will be of great interest to students and scholars of ecofeminism, ecocriticism, ecological feminism, environmental humanities, gender studies, ecological humanities, feminist studies and Indian literature.
Ecofeminist Perspectives from African Women Creative Writers: Earth, Gender, and the Sacred
by Enna Sukutai Gudhlanga Musa Wenkosi Dube Limakatso E. PepeneneThis volume explores contemporary African women’s creative writing, highlighting their contributions to ecofeminist theology. Contributors address the following questions: How do contemporary African women writers depict the Earth/land/environment and its relationship to women in various contexts? How is religion featured in African women’s writing? How does religious literature (scriptures) form an intertextual layer in African women’s writing? The contributors proceed by analyzing the intersection of religion, gender, class, sexuality, colonialism, and ecology in selected texts written by African women. They bring these texts into conversation with broader eco-feminist theological scholarship, exploring the potential of literary writing to contribute to theological discourse of liberation and social justice in the African and global arena.
Ecohealth Research in Practice
by Dominique F. CharronThis book is about doing innovative research to achieve sustainable and equitable change in people's health and well-being through improved interactions with the environment. It presents experiences from the field of ecosystem approaches to health (or ecohealth research) and some insights and lessons learned. It builds on previous literature, notably Forget (1997), Forget and Lebel (2001), Lebel (2003), and Waltner-Toews et al. (2008). Through case-studies and other contributions by researchers supported by Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the book presents evidence of real changes in conditions of people, their health, and the ecosystems that support them. These changes were derived from applications of an ecosystem approach to health in developing regions of the world. The book also illustrates the resulting body of applied, participatory, and action research that improved health and environmental management in developing countries and, in many cases, influenced policies and practices.
Ecoholic Body: Your Ultimate Earth-friendly Guide to Living Healthy and Looking Good
by Adria VasilAdria Vasil, Canada's straight-shooting green living expert, is back, and this time it's personal . . . care, that is. Her latest eco bible delivers the lowdown on virtually every product that comes into contact with our bodies. From the pollutants clogging your sinus meds all the way to the outlaw toxins leaching from your sandals, ECOHOLIC BODY has you covered, head to toe. Never shy to blow the whistle, Adria calls out supplement and shampoo makers that exaggerate their green cred. This witty, indispensable guide will arm you with the knowledge you need to keep you and your family healthy, happy and green, all while detoxing the planet. Look your best- "Mean 15" ingredients to avoid- Skin care reviews for moisturizers, sunscreen, anti-aging and acne- Fresh ways to fight funk from bad breath to B.O.- Toxin-free hair care that works- The lowdown on mineral makeup, natural cosmetics, tattoos and more Feel your best- Nature's best remedies and superfoods that are good for the planet and your body- Greening your health care- Pollution-triggered health problems- Ecoholic weight loss plan- Greener birth control, local sex toys and more Dress your best- All the latest eco fashions, including activewear, maternity clothes, lingerie, menswear, footwear, jewellery, wedding dresses and more Give your kids nature's best- Toxin-free bum balms, shampoos, bubble bath, oils and powders- Green diaper reviews- The scoop on kids' PJs, clothes, charms And more- Exhaustive testing guides for everything from natural deodorant to herbal shampoos- Made-in-Canada products and services- Coast-to-coast store directory- DIY recipes for homemade body care- Money-saving tips in every chapterose hands touched? She rehearsed the questions she wondered if she would ever be able to ask. Why do you do it? Is it necessary to your poetry? Why did you choose this job? Or did it choose you?-- from The Murder RoomFrom the Hardcover edition.
Ecohydrology-Based Landscape Restoration: Theory and Practice (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability)
by Mulugeta Dadi BeleteThis book provides an introduction to a fairly new approach to natural resources management practice entitled ecohydrology-based landscape restoration. Ecohydrology-based landscape restoration integrates landscape restoration practices with ecohydrology science and principles in order to help address the limitations of current management practices in developing countries. Focusing on both the theory and practice of implementing new management practices, the book includes conceptual designs and practical demonstrations for a variety of sites, including hillsides, farmlands, gullies, riparian buffers and wetlands, while also drawing on field research conducted in Ethiopia. The book puts forward principles for improving current practices, which include the better integration of hydrological and ecological concerns, the greater involvement of local communities, the adoption of indigenous practices, the establishment of green and semi-grey infrastructure as an ecohydrological systemic solution and the necessity of taking an adaptive approach to managing landscapes. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of water resource management, ecohydrology and landscape restoration as well as professionals involved in the restoration of landscapes in developing countries.
Ecohydrology: An Approach to the Sustainable Management of Water Resources
by Maciej Zalewski Nic Pacini David HarperEcohydrology is an emerging new sub-discipline which links elements of ecology with hydrology at all points in the water cycle, ranging in scale from water-plant physiological relationships to whole catchment water-ecosystem processes. This book pays most attention to the larger scales of ecohydrology, emphasizing the use of this tool in striving towards the goal of sustainable water management. Authors from Eastern and Western Europe, America, Australia and South Africa give a broad global context.
Ecological Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants
by Joe C. Polacco Christopher D. ToddEcological Aspects of Nitrogen Acquisition covers how plants compete for nitrogen in complex ecological communities and the associations plants recruit with other organisms, ranging from soil microbes to arthropods. The book is divided into four sections, each addressing an important set of relationships of plants with the environment and how this impacts the plant’s ability to compete successfully for nitrogen, often the most growth-limiting nutrient. Ecological Aspects of Nitrogen Acquisition provides thorough coverage of this important topic, and is a vitally important resource for plant scientists, agronomists, and ecologists.
Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment
by William J. Adams Peter M. Chapman Marjorie L. Brooks Charles G. Delos Samuel N. Luoma William A. Maher Harry M. Ohlendorf Theresa S. Presser D. Patrick ShawBased on the work and contributions of 46 scientists, managers, and policymakers, Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment documents the state of the science and explores how to use this information when assessing and managing the environmental effects of Se. A focused discussion on the fate and effects of Se in aquatic ecosyste
Ecological Basis of Agroforestry
by Shibu Jose Ravinder Kumar Kohli Harminder Pal Singh Daizy Rani BatishFaced with the growing problems of climate change, ecosystem degradation, declining agricultural productivity, and uncertain food security, modern agricultural scientists look for potential relief in an ancient practice. Agroforestry, if properly designed, can mitigate greenhouse effects, maintain ecosystem health and biodiversity, provide food sec