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Air Distribution in Buildings (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series #54)
by Essam E. KhalilAir Distribution in Buildings is a concise and practical guide to air distribution system design and managing air conditioning systems in buildings. Making use of 40 years of experience in the design of air conditioning and ventilations systems, and other electromechanical services, this structured reference for built environment engineering offers
Air Entrainment in Free-surface Flow: IAHR Hydraulic Structures Design Manuals 4
by Ian R. WoodThis monograph is aimed at the practising hydraulic engineer. Work on it commenced at Professor Naudascher's instigation in 1982. Over the next six years all or some of the authors discussed progress at IAHR sponsored conferences at Esslingen, Melbourne, Lausanne and Beijing. With the authors scattered throughout the world, and all with other responsibilities, progress was bound to be slow. Completion was further delayed by the great increase in published technical literature in this area over the period 1982-1988. This literature continues to expand and with it our understanding of the air water flow phenomena. The monograph must therefore be seen as the authors' views on the state of the art around 1988. More recent references have been included for completeness.This monograph has been a joint effort with most authors making suggestions and contributions to more than one chapter. Nevertheless, the chapter authors are primarily responsible for the material in their chapters.Throughout the monograph symbols are defined when they are fist introduced and a list of symbols is included at the end of each chapter.Many other people have contributed to this monograph, but the authors would particularly like to acknowledge the assistance given by Professor John McNown who has read, commented on and improved the style of the complete monograph.
Air Flow Management in Raised Floor Data Centers (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Yogendra Joshi Vaibhav K. ArghodeThe Brief discuss primarily two aspects of air flow management in raised floor data centers. Firstly, cooling air delivery through perforated tiles will be examined and influence of the tile geometry on flow field development and hot air entrainment above perforated tiles will be discussed. Secondly, the use of cold aisle containment to physically separate hot and cold regions, and minimize hot and cold air mixing will be presented. Both experimental investigations and computational efforts are discussed and development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based models for simulating air flow in data centers is included. In addition, metrology tools for facility scale air velocity and temperature measurement, and air flow rate measurement through perforated floor tiles and server racks are examined and the authors present thermodynamics-based models to gauge the effectiveness and importance of air flow management schemes in data centers.
Air, Gas, and Water Pollution Control Using Industrial and Agricultural Solid Wastes Adsorbents
by Tushar SenAir and water pollution occurs when toxic pollutants of varying kinds (organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on) are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment without adequate treatment to remove these potential pollutants. There are a total of 13 book chapters in three sections contributed by significant number of expert authors around the world, aiming to provide scientific knowledge and up-to-date development of various solid wastes based cost-effective adsorbent materials and its sustainable application in the removal of contaminates/pollutants from air, gas and water. This book is useful for the professions, practicing engineers, scientists, researchers, academics and undergraduate and post-graduate students’ interest on this specific area. Key Features: • Exclusive compilation of information on use of industrial and agricultural waste based adsorbents for air and water pollution abatement. • Explores utilization of industrial solid wastes in adsorptive purification and agricultural and agricultural by-products in separation and purification. • Discusses cost-effective solid wastes based emerging adsorbents. • Alternative adsorbents in the removal of a wide range of contaminants and pollutants from water is proposed. • Includes performance of unit operations in waste effluents treatment.
Air Insulation Prediction Theory and Applications (Power Systems)
by Zhibin Qiu Jiangjun Ruan Shengwen ShuThis book proposes the air insulation prediction theory and method in the subject of electrical engineering. Prediction of discharge voltage in different cases are discussed and worked out by simulation. After decades, now bottlenecks of traditional air discharge theories can be solved with this book. Engineering applications of the theory in air gap discharge voltage prediction are introduced. This book serves as reference for graduate students, scientific research personnel and engineering staff in the related fields.
Air Ions: Physical and Biological Aspects
by Jonathan M. CharryAir Ions: Physical and Biological Aspects fully develops two areas that are important for a comprehensive understanding of the subject of air ions: (1) the physical/chemical nature of ions, and (2) their potential interaction with biological systems. The reader is led through a series of none chapter, the first five of which lay the basis for understanding ions in the context of naturally and artificially created environments. The final four chapters are well situated to discuss the literature and history connected with the search for ion-induced biological effects.
Air Lubricated and Air Cavity Ships: Development, Design, and Application
by Alan Bliault Liang Yun Gennadiy Alexeevitch Pavlov Shu-Long HeAir Lubrication and Air Cavity Technology is a major development that has emerged in recent years as a means to reduce resistance and powering for many types of ships, and an efficient design for high speed marine vessels. This book introduces the mechanisms for boundary layer drag reduction and concepts studied in early research work. Air bubble and sheet lubrication for displacement vessels is outlined and the key projects introduced. Generation of low volume flow air cavities under the hull of displacement, semi displacement and planing vessels are introduced together with theoretical and empirical analysis and design methods. Resistance reduction, power reduction and fuel efficiency are covered for both displacement and high speed vessels. Air layer and air cavity effects on vessel static and dynamic stability are covered, linked to regulatory requirements such as IMO. Seaway motions and reduced impact load of high speed craft in waves are discussed including model test results. Integration of propulsion systems for optimum powering is summarized. A design proposal for a wave piercing air cavity craft is included in an appendix. A comprehensive listing of document resources and internet locations is provided for further research.
Air Navigation: Fundamentals, Systems, and Flight Trajectory Management (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Octavian Thor PleterThis book takes a new approach to air navigation, extending the classic scope of positioning and guidance to efficient and safe 4D flight trajectory management. Modern air navigation aims at flight trajectories optimisation. There is an infinite number of solutions to the classic navigation problem of flying from one airport to another, but most of them are wasteful of resources and even risky. Minimising all costs and risks incurred by the 4D flight trajectory makes air navigation both efficient and safe, which are key factors in air navigation services. Beyond minimising fuel burn and CO2, efficiency addresses non-CO2 emissions and noise. This is a visually intensive book, using examples and case studies to illustrate the concepts, the physics of navigation and the mathematical models involved. Numerical examples reflect its problem-solving nature. It is useful to aerospace students, engineers, pilots, air traffic controllers, technicians, and scientists curious about aviation.
Air Plants: Epiphytes and Aerial Gardens
by David H. BenzingOften growing far above the ground, "air plants" (or epiphytes) defy many of our common perceptions about plants. The majority use their roots only for attachment in the crowns of larger, usually woody plants-or to objects such as rocks and buildings-and derive moisture and nutrients from the atmosphere and by collecting falling debris. Only the mistletoes are true parasites. Epiphytes are not anomalies and there are approximately 28,000 species-about 10 percent of the higher or vascular plants-that grow this way. Many popular houseplants, including numerous aroids, bromeliads, ferns, and orchids, rank among the most familiar examples. In Air Plants, David H. Benzing takes a reader on a tour of the many taxonomic groups to which the epiphytes belong and explains in nontechnical language the anatomical and physiological adaptations that allow these plants to conserve water, thrive without the benefit of soil, and engage in unusual relationships with animals such as frogs and ants.Benzing's comprehensive account covers topics including ecology, evolution, photosynthesis and water relations, mineral nutrition, reproduction, and the nature of the forest canopy as habitat for the free-living and parasitic epiphytes. It also pays special attention to important phenomena such as adaptive trade-offs and leaf economics. Drawing on the author's deep experience with epiphytes and the latest scientific research, this book is accessible to readers unfamiliar with technical botany; it features a lavish illustration program, references, a glossary, and tables.
Air Pollutants in the Context of One Health: Fundamentals, Sources, and Impacts (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #134)
by Sylvester Chibueze Izah Matthew Chidozie Ogwu Abbas ShahsavaniThis book reviews air pollutants and their effects on human health, biodiversity, and environmental quality in the context of the One Health framework. Written by experts in the field, the book covers topics such as natural and anthropogenic sources of air pollutants, air pollutants classification based on their chemical composition, physical properties, and origins, and consequences of air pollution on ecosystems, wildlife, and human communities. In this book, readers will find a detailed examination of pollutants, such as particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and greenhouse gases, and will learn about the mechanisms by which pollutants impact, for instance, the respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. The book highlights the need for understanding the different pollutants and their One Health effects as a foundation for developing effective regulations, emission controls, cleaner technologies, and promoting lifestyle changes. The book also offers a global perspective on air pollution, and discusses the disproportionate impacts of air pollution on vulnerable populations. In alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), specifically SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), this book takes a focused approach to the One Health implications of various air pollutants and is an important contribution to the global effort to mitigate the impact of air pollution on human health, biodiversity security, and environmental quality. Together with its companion work “Sustainable Strategies for Air Pollution Mitigation”, this book is a valuable resource for students, researchers, policymakers, and anyone seeking a comprehensive perspective on this critical environmental and public health challenge.
Air Pollution: Measurement, Modelling and Mitigation, Third Edition
by Jeremy Colls Abhishek TiwaryA one stop, comprehensive textbook, covering the three essential components of air pollution science. The Third Edition has been updated with the latest developments, especially the inclusion of new information on the role of air pollutants in climate change. The authors give greater coverage to the developing economies around the world where air pollution problems are on the rise. The Third Edition continues to cover a wide range of air quality issues, retaining a quantitative perspective. Topics covered include - gaseous and particulate air pollutants, measurement techniques, meteorology and dispersion modelling, mobile sources, indoor air, effects on plants, materials, humans and animals. Moving away from classical toxic air pollutants, there is a chapter on climate change and another on the depletion of stratospheric ozone. A special feature of this new edition is the inclusion of a fresh chapter on air pollution mitigation by vegetation, mainly its role in maintaining a sustainable urban environment. Recommended for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate courses specialising in air pollution, both for environmental scientists and engineers. The new material included in the Third Edition extends its use by practitioners in consultancies or local authorities.
Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts
by Bhola R. Gurjar Luisa T. Molina Chandra S. P. OjhaAir pollution is recognized as one of the leading contributors to the global environmental burden of disease, even in countries with relatively low concentrations of air pollution. Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts examines the effect of this complex problem on human health and the environment in different settings around the world. I
Air Pollution: Measurement, Modelling and Mitigation (4th Edition)
by Ian Williams Abhishek TiwaryThis established textbook offers a one-stop, comprehensive coverage of air pollution, all in an easy-reading and accessible style. The fourth edition, broadly updated and developed throughout, includes a brand-new chapter providing a broader overview to the topic for general reading, and presents fresh materials on air pollution modelling, mitigation and control, tailored to the needs of both amateur and specialist users. Retaining a quantitative perspective, the covered topics include: gaseous and particulate air pollutants, measurement techniques, meteorology and modelling, area sources, mobile sources, indoor air, effects on plants, materials, humans and animals, impact on climate change and ozone profiles and air quality legislations. This edition also includes a final chapter covering a suite of sampling and laboratory practical experiments that can be used for either classroom teachings, or as part of research projects. As with previous editions, the book is aimed to serve as a useful reading resource for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate courses specialising in air pollution, with dedicated case studies at the end of each chapter, as well as a list of revision questions provided at the end as a complementary section.
Air Pollution and Control (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Avinash Kumar Agarwal Tarun Gupta Akhilendra P Singh Nikhil Sharma Peter EastwoodThis book focuses on various aspects related to air pollution, including major sources of air pollution, measurement techniques, modeling studies and solution approaches to control. The book also presents case studies on measuring air pollution in major urban areas, such as Delhi, India. The book examines vehicles as a source of air pollution and addresses the quantitative analysis of engine exhaust emissions. Subsequent chapters discuss particulate matter from engines and coal-fired power plants as a major pollutant, as well as emission control techniques using various after treatment systems. The book's final chapter considers future perspectives and a way forward for sustainable development. It also discusses several emission control techniques that will gain relevance in the future, when stricter emission norms will be enforced for international combustion (IC) engines as well as power plants. Given its breadth of coverage, the book will benefit a wide variety of readers, including researchers, professionals, and policymakers.
Air Pollution and Environmental Health (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #20)
by Pallavi Saxena Anju SrivastavaAir pollution is an alarming problem, not only in terms of air quality, but also in relation to health issues. Toxic air pollutant concentrations produce harmful impacts on plant health and human health. Further, though there are various sources of air pollution, anthropogenic and biogenic sources are becoming increasingly problematic. A number of control methods have been applied to reduce the air pollutant concentrations so that their global environmental burden on plants as well as humans can be mitigated. However, as confirmed in numerous reports and studies, their concentrations continue to be very high and everyday cases related to air pollution have become exponentially high not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. In plants, toxic air quality has various adverse effects, including biochemical and physiological disorders, chronic diseases and/or lower yields. In humans, air pollutants affect the body’s metabolism and immune system, lungs and central nervous system. This book provides an essential overview of air pollution, its impacts on plant and human health, and potential control strategies. The respective chapters cover general monitoring and characterization techniques for air pollutants, air quality modelling applications, plant and human health effects, risk assessment, and air pollution control policy. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable and unique resource for students of Environmental Science, Biological Science, Medical Science and Agriculture; and for environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals whose work involves air quality, plant and human related research.
Air Pollution and Freshwater Ecosystems: Sampling, Analysis, and Quality Assurance
by Timothy J Sullivan Alan T. Herlihy James R. WebbA practical book for professionals who rely on water quality data for decision making, this book is based on three decades experience of three highly published water and watershed resource professionals. It focuses on the analysis of air pollution sensitive waters and the consequent effects associated with soil and water acidification, nutrient-
Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases: From Basic Concepts to Engineering Applications for Air Emission Control (Green Energy and Technology)
by Zhongchao TanThis textbook discusses engineering principles relating to air pollution and greenhouse gases (GHGs); it focuses on engineering principles and designs of related devices and equipment for air emission control for a variety of industries such as energy, chemical, and transportation industries. The book aims primarily at senior undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical, chemical and/or environmental engineering departments; it can also be used as a reference book by technical staff and design engineers who are interested in and need to have technical knowledge in air pollution and GHGs. The book is motivated by recent rapid advances in air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and their control technologies. In addition to classic topics related to air pollution, this book is also featured with emerging topics related to air pollution and GHGs. It covers recent advances in engineering approaches to the reduction of GHG emissions including, but are not limited to, green energy technologies and carbon sequestration and storage. It also introduces an emerging topic in air pollution, which is referred to as Nano Air Pollution. It is a growing concern in air pollution, but largely missing in similar books, likely because of recent rapid advances in nanotechnology has outpaced the advances in nano air pollution control.
Air Pollution and Health Effects (Molecular and Integrative Toxicology)
by Srikanth S. Nadadur John W. HollingsworthExposure to ambient air pollutants, both indoors and outdoors has been associated with the exacerbation and also in the etiology of diverse human diseases. This book offers an overview of our current understanding of air pollution health risks and how this knowledge is being used in the regulatory, therapeutic intervention measures to protect the public health and reduce the disease burden caused by acute and long-term exposure to air pollutants. Air Pollution and Health Effects provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of air pollution health risks, morbidity and the global disease burden, whilst also delivering critical review on state of the art research so as to gain a fundamental understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of air pollution-induced diseases. Chapters range from pregnancy outcomes and pre-term birth, carcinogens in the ambient aerosol and the health consequences of indoor biomass burning. Special emphasis is placed on regional and local air pollution and its impact on global health along with suitable preventive and interventional measures. With contributions from international experts in the field this volume is a valuable guide for researchers and clinicians in toxicology, medicine and public health as well as industry and government regulatory scientists involved in health protection.
Air Pollution and Its Complications: From the Regional to the Global Scale (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
by Shani Tiwari Pallavi SaxenaThis book provides an overview of the fundamental concept of air pollution, emission sources of air pollutants and their transportation.First, the book presents a brief background on air pollution and its emission sources, then it continues with their impact on agriculture, health, and climate change. Furthermore, it covers the basic concepts of air pollution, transportation of air pollutants, global climate change and the use of science in air pollution policy formulation in detail. It also emphasizes the effects of air pollutants in altering the onset pattern of the Indian Summer Monsoon. In addition, it describes the impacts of air pollution on the cryosphere and human health.In this book the editors provide an interdisciplinary unique collection of new studies and findings on the groove of air pollution, to improve the basic understanding of graduate students as well as researchers in the field of air pollution and its impacts on various aspects of the atmosphere and surroundings. This collection covers the basic concepts of air pollution, transportation of air pollutants, and global climate change and the use of science in air pollution policy formulation.
Air Pollution and Its Impacts on U.S. National Parks
by Timothy J. SullivanA variety of air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere from human-caused and natural emissions sources throughout the United States and elsewhere. These contaminants impact sensitive natural resources in wilderness, including the national parks. The system of national parks in the United States is among our greatest assets. This book provides a compilation and synthesis of current scientific understanding regarding the causes and effects of these pollutants within national park lands. It describes pollutant emissions, deposition, and exposures; it identifies the critical (tipping point) loads of pollutant deposition at which adverse impacts are manifested.
Air Pollution and the Electromagnetic Phenomena as Incitants (Electromagnetic Frequency Sensitivities)
by William J. ReaThe field of electromagnetic sensitivity is the new epidemic of the 21st century, and can cause disease of the automatic nerve system in any part of the body. This is as a result of chemical sensitivity, in which over 80,000 chemicals are involved, resulting in innumerable combinations. A cursory understanding of the combinations can help clinicians partially understand the associated problems and thus help in the diagnosis and treatment of electromagnetic sensitivities. But a basic understanding of environmentally induced illness and healing must first be understood by the clinicians before diseases occur such as cardiac arrhythmia, muscle spasms, and nerve pain.
Air Pollution Control: Traditional Hazardous Pollutants, Revised Edition
by Howard D. HeskethSince the first edition was printed in 1991, there have only been minor changes in air regulations. The opposing "trenches" used by environmental regulation proponents have deepened as each side increases their database. Agencies and environmental groups have backed off a little in issues such as bubble policies and enforcement time tables. This has made it extremely difficult for equipment vendors to anticipate industry requirements. Overall, the current market projections are not very favorable for the new equipment suppliers. In contrast, the service organizations are seeing increasing need for their help in areas such as dispersion modeling, troubleshooting and testing. Existing systems are being improved upon to keep them in operation. There remains a continuous need for up-to-date references and training materials to serve these needs, and it is for this purpose this revised edition is dedicated.
Air Pollution Control: Fundamentals and Applications (Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering)
by Jeff KuoAir pollution control and air quality engineering are some of the key subjects in any environmental engineering curriculum. This book will cover topics that are fundamental to pollution control engineers and professionals, including air pollution and its management through regulatory approaches, calculating and estimating emissions, and appying con
Air Pollution Control and Design
by Pen-Chi Chiang Xiang GaoThis book focuses specifically on the environmental issues related to the air pollution control and design. It is divided into four parts: (1) Fundamentals of air pollution control, (2) fundamentals of energy utilization, (3) gaseous control and design, and (4) particulate control and design, each consisting of four to six chapters. The topics covered in this book not only introduce the basic concepts of air pollution control and design but also address the fundamentals of energy utilization in the context of good engineering practice and policy instruments. It also features several innovative technologies and integrated methodologies relating to gaseous and particulate matter control and design. To facilitate technology integration and meet the need for comprehensive information on sustainable development, the book discusses a wide range of areas concerning the principles, applications, and assessment of air pollution control and design and thermodynamics, heat transfer, advanced combustion and renewable energy for energy utilization. It also features regulations and policy instruments adopted around the globe as well as several case studies. Presenting the emerging challenges, new concepts, innovative methodologies, and resolving strategies, as well as illustrative and inspiring case studies, it appeals to a wide range of readers, such as researchers, graduate students, engineers, policy makers, and entrepreneurs.
Air Pollution Control Equipment Selection Guide
by Kenneth C. SchifftnerThis new edition of Air Pollution Control Equipment Selection Guide builds upon the successes of previous editions that developed a detailed discussion on various technologies used for air pollution control. This book covers a wide range of equipment and provides a good overview of the related principles and applications. A particularly valuable feature are the practical examples, not commonly available in other books. Based on the author’s fifty years of experience in applying and operating air pollution control equipment, this book provides easy-to-read information on basic air pollution control technology and is the quintessential resource for the busy engineer and for those who do not have formal training in air pollution control.FEATURES OF THE THIRD EDITION Uniform and consistent applications information for comparing the effectiveness of different technologies. Provides answers to questions about how to reduce operating costs and how to achieve peak performance. Concise descriptions of each equipment with diagnostics and testing suggestions. New chapters on optimization techniques that help readers deal with different types of hardware for better performance and efficacy.