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Fractional-Order Devices
by José António Tenreiro Machado Karabi Biswas Gary Bohannan Riccardo Caponetto António Mendes LopesThis book focuses on two specific areas related to fractional order systems - the realization of physical devices characterized by non-integer order impedance, usually called fractional-order elements (FOEs); and the characterization of vegetable tissues via electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) - and provides readers with new tools for designing new types of integrated circuits. The majority of the book addresses FOEs. The interest in these topics is related to the need to produce "analogue" electronic devices characterized by non-integer order impedance, and to the characterization of natural phenomena, which are systems with memory or aftereffects and for which the fractional-order calculus tool is the ideal choice for analysis. FOEs represent the building blocks for designing and realizing analogue integrated electronic circuits, which the authors believe hold the potential for a wealth of mass-market applications. The freedom to choose either an integer- or non-integer-order analogue integrator/derivator is a new one for electronic circuit designers. The book shows how specific non-integer-order impedance elements can be created using materials with specific structural properties. EIS measures the electrical impedance of a specimen across a given range of frequencies, producing a spectrum that represents the variation of the impedance versus frequency - a technique that has the advantage of avoiding aggressive examinations. Biological tissues are complex systems characterized by dynamic processes that occur at different lengths and time scales; this book proposes a model for vegetable tissues that describes the behavior of such materials by considering the interactions among various relaxing phenomena and memory effects.
Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control: Methodologies and Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #532)
by Guanghui Sun Xiaolei Li Chengwei Wu Xiangyu Shao Zhiqiang Ma Shidong XuThis book delves deep into fractional-order control and fractional-order sliding mode techniques, addressing key challenges in the control design of linear motor systems and control for the deployment of space tethered systems. Innovative strategies such as adaptive fractional-order sliding mode control and fractional-order fuzzy sliding mode control schemes are devised to enhance system performance. Divided into three parts, it covers a brief view of fractional-order control strength in modeling and control, fractional-order sliding mode control of linear motor systems, and fractional-order sliding mode control for the deployment of space tethered systems. Each chapter offers valuable insights and solutions. Simulations and experiments validate the efficacy of these approaches, making this book essential for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in control systems and aerospace engineering.
Fractional-order Modeling and Control of Dynamic Systems
by Aleksei TepljakovThis book reports on an outstanding research devoted to modeling and control of dynamic systems using fractional-order calculus. It describes the development of model-based control design methods for systems described by fractional dynamic models. More than 300 years had passed since Newton and Leibniz developed a set of mathematical tools we now know as calculus. Ever since then the idea of non-integer derivatives and integrals, universally referred to as fractional calculus, has been of interest to many researchers. However, due to various issues, the usage of fractional-order models in real-life applications was limited. Advances in modern computer science made it possible to apply efficient numerical methods to the computation of fractional derivatives and integrals. This book describes novel methods developed by the author for fractional modeling and control, together with their successful application in real-world process control scenarios.
Fractional-order Systems and PID Controllers: Using Scilab and Curve Fitting Based Approximation Techniques (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #264)
by Rosdiazli Ibrahim Sabo Miya Hassan Kishore Bingi Mohd Noh Karsiti Vivekananda Rajah HarindranThis book presents a detailed study on fractional-order, set-point, weighted PID control strategies and the development of curve-fitting-based approximation techniques for fractional-order parameters. Furthermore, in all the cases, it includes the Scilab-based commands and functions for easy implementation and better understanding, and to appeal to a wide range of readers working with the software. The presented Scilab-based toolbox is the first toolbox for fractional-order systems developed in open-source software. The toolboxes allow time and frequency domains as well as stability analysis of the fractional-order systems and controllers. The book also provides real-time examples of the control of process plants using the developed fractional-order based PID control strategies and the approximation techniques. The book is of interest to readers in the areas of fractional-order controllers, approximation techniques, process modeling, control, and optimization, both in industry and academia. In industry, the book is particularly valuable in the areas of research and development (R&D) as well as areas where PID controllers suffice – and it should be noted that around 80% of low-level controllers in industry are PID based. The book is also useful where conventional PIDs are constrained, such as in industries where long-term delay and non-linearity are present. Here it can be used for the design of controllers for real-time processes. The book is also a valuable teaching and learning resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Fractions = Trouble!
by Claudia Mills G. Brian KarasIf Wilson Williams thought multiplication was difficult, he is finding fractions impossible. And when his parents hire a math tutor for him, he is sure he's the only kid in the history of Hill Elementary to have one. Wilson is determined to make sure that no one finds out, not even his best friend, Josh. At least his pet hamster, Pip, is sympathetic. Pip is going to be part of Wilson's science fair project, because any project with hamsters in it is bound to be wonderful. But Josh has the coolest project of all: at what temperature does a pickle explode? Unfortunately, it looks as if Wilson's secret may end up exploding their friendship. Claudia Mills' Fractions = Trouble is a fun and thoroughly relatable story that Kirkus Reviews calls an "excellent selection for early chapter-book readers. "
Fractivism: Corporate Bodies and Chemical Bonds
by Sara Ann WylieFrom flammable tap water and sick livestock to the recent onset of hundreds of earthquakes in Oklahoma, the impact of fracking in the United States is far-reaching and deeply felt. In Fractivism Sara Ann Wylie traces the history of fracking and the ways scientists and everyday people are coming together to hold accountable an industry that has managed to evade regulation. Beginning her story in Colorado, Wylie shows how nonprofits, landowners, and community organizers are creating novel digital platforms and databases to track unconventional oil and gas well development and document fracking's environmental and human health impacts. These platforms model alternative approaches for academic and grassroots engagement with the government and the fossil fuel industry. A call to action, Fractivism outlines a way forward for not just the fifteen million Americans who live within a mile of an unconventional oil or gas well, but for the planet as a whole.
Fractography and Failure Analysis
by Jorge Luis González-VelázquezThis book presents fractography and failure analysis at a level that is accessible for non-expert readers, without losing scientific rigor. It offers a comprehensive description of fracture surfaces in engineering materials, with an emphasis on metals, and of the methodology for the observation of fracture surfaces. It also discusses in detail the main fracture mechanisms and their corresponding fracture surfaces, including brittle, ductile, fatigue, and environmental fractures. The last chapter is dedicated to the use of fractography in determining of the causes component failure. In modern engineering, the analysis of fractured components is a common practice in many fields, such as integrity management systems, materials science research, and failure investigations. As such this book is useful for engineers, scientists, engineering students, loss adjuster surveyors and any professional dealing with fractured components.
Fracture Analysis of Layered Beams With an Elastically Coupled Behavior and Hygrothermal Stresses: Application to Metal-to-Composite Adhesive Joints (Springer Theses)
by Panayiotis TsokanasThis book presents an analytical framework for calculating the fracture toughness of generally layered beam structures with an elastically coupled response and hygrothermal stresses. The beam under study features several peculiarities: it consists of multiple layers of dissimilar materials, features bending-extension coupling, and contains residual hygrothermal stresses. Here, a generic analytical model is proposed to compute the energy release rate and the mode mixity. Mechanics of composite materials, crack closure integral, and energetic methods are among the theoretical tools employed for developing the model.A wealth of new closed-form expressions is presented, together with their validation through finite element analyses, which enables investigating various material systems and testing configurations. Experimentalists will find directions for the design and interpretation of delamination tests on laminated composites with uncommon stacking sequences. At the same time, theoreticians can exploit the analytical solution as a benchmark test for more refined analytical and numerical models. Furthermore, the book gives novel insights into the fracture behavior of a titanium-to-CFRP adhesive joint, which is intended for application in the hybrid laminar flow control of a future aircraft. It reports on experiments and theoretical analyses that help understand the behavior of this novel joint. All in all, this book offers extensive updates on methods for fracture analysis of materials with an elastically coupled behavior and residual stresses. It addresses students, researchers, and engineers alike.
Fracture Behavior of Nanocomposites and Reinforced Laminate Structures
by Ashwani Kumar Yogesh Kumar Singla Michael R. MaughanThis contributed volume is designed for fundamental understanding of fracture behavior of composites applied in core industrial sectors such as mechanical, electronics, Automotive, civil structures, and aerospace research and fills the gap of knowledge on fracture analysis. The book is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in above mentioned fields.
Fracture Failure Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites (Engineering Materials)
by Suchart Siengchin Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa Thottyeapalayam Palanisamy Satishkumar Marta Maria Moure Cuadrado Claudia BarileThis book presents a unified approach to fracture behavior of natural and synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites on the basis of fiber orientation, the addition of fillers, characterization, properties and applications. In addition, the book contains an extensive survey of recent improvements in the research and development of fracture analysis of FRP composites that are used to make higher fracture toughness composites in various applications.The FRP composites are an emerging area in polymer science with many structural applications. The rise in materials failure by fracture has forced scientists and researchers to develop new higher strength materials for obtaining higher fracture toughness. Therefore, further knowledge and insight into the different modes of fracture behavior of FRP composites are critical to expanding the range of their application.
Fracture Mechanics
by Alan T. ZehnderFracture mechanics is a vast and growing field. This book develops the basic elements needed for both fracture research and engineering practice. The emphasis is on continuum mechanics models for energy flows and crack-tip stress- and deformation fields in elastic and elastic-plastic materials. In addition to a brief discussion of computational fracture methods, the text includes practical sections on fracture criteria, fracture toughness testing, and methods for measuring stress intensity factors and energy release rates. Class-tested at Cornell, this book is designed for students, researchers and practitioners interested in understanding and contributing to a diverse and vital field of knowledge.
Fracture Mechanics of Electrically Passive and Active Composites with Periodic Cracking along the Interface (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Volodymyr Loboda Sergey KozinovThis book offers a comprehensive and timely review of the fracture behavior of bimaterial composites consisting of periodically connected components, i.e. of bimaterial composites possessing periodical cracks along the interface. It first presents an overview of the literature, and then analyzes the isotropic, anisotropic and piezoelectric/dielectric properties of bimaterial components, gradually increasing the difficulty of the solutions discussed up to the coupled electromechanical problems. While in the case of isotropic and anisotropic materials it covers the problems generated by an arbitrary set of cracks, for the piezoelectric materials it focuses on studying the influence of the electric permittivity of the crack’s filler, using not only a simple, fully electrically permeable model, but also a physically realistic, semi-permeable model. Throughout the analyses, the effects of the contact of the crack faces are taken into account so as to exclude the physically unrealistic interpenetration of the composite components that are typical of the classical open model. Further, the book derives and examines the mechanical and electromechanical fields, stress and electric intensity factors in detail. Providing extensive information on the fracture processes taking place in composite materials, the book helps readers become familiar with mathematical methods of complex function theory for obtaining exact analytical solutions.
Fracture Mechanics of Nonhomogeneous Materials
by Licheng Guo Yu Hongjun Wu LinzhiThis book perfects the theoretical system of fracture mechanics of nonhomogeneous materials through the establishment of the piecewise exponential model and expands the fracture research scope to nonhomogeneous materials containing complex interfaces through proposing the domain-independent interaction integral concept. The piecewise exponential model has overcome the problem of fracture mechanics of nonhomogeneous materials and clarified the doubt of traditional exponential models in recent 30 years. The domain-independent interaction integral method is not affected by material nonhomogeneity and discontinuity, which greatly facilitates its numerical implementation in the investigation of fracture behaviors of nonhomogeneous materials with complex interfaces.
Fracture Mechanics: An Introduction (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications #263)
by Emmanuel E. GdoutosThis book discusses the basic principles and traditional applications of fracture mechanics, as well as the cutting-edge research in the field over the last three decades in current topics like composites, thin films, nanoindentation, and cementitious materials.Experimental methods play a major role in the study of fracture mechanics problems and are used for the determination of the major fracture mechanics quantities such as stress intensity factors, crack tip opening displacements, strain energy release rates, crack paths, crack velocities in static and dynamic problems. These methods include electrical resistance strain gauges, photoelasticity, interferometry techniques, geometric and interferometry moiré, and the optical method of caustics.Furthermore, numerical methods are often used for the determination of fracture mechanics parameters. They include finite and boundary element methods, Green’s function and weight functions, boundary collocation, alternating methods, and integral transforms continuous dislocations.This third edition of the book covers the basic principles and traditional applications, as well as the latest developments of fracture mechanics. Featuring two new chapters and 30 more example problems, it presents a comprehensive overview of fracture mechanics, and includes numerous examples and unsolved problems. This book is suitable for teaching fracture mechanics courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. A “solutions manual” is available for course instructors upon request.
Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Fourth Edition
by Ted L. AndersonFracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Fourth Edition is the most useful and comprehensive guide to fracture mechanics available. It has been adopted by more than 150 universities worldwide and used by thousands of engineers and researchers. This new edition reflects the latest research, industry practices, applications, and computational analysis and modeling. It encompasses theory and applications, linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics, solid mechanics, and materials science with a unified, balanced, and in-depth approach. Numerous chapter problems have been added or revised, and additional resources are available for those teaching college courses or training sessions. Dr. Anderson’s own website can be accessed at www.FractureMechanics.com.
Fracture and Fatigue Characterisation of Cortical Bone Tissue
by Marcelo F. de Moura Nuno DouradoFracture and Fatigue Characterisation of Cortical Bone Tissue is a key guide to bone fracture and fatigue, focusing on quasi-static and fatigue-fracture characterisation of cortical bone tissue. Discussing the fundamental aspects of fracture mechanics and fatigue, which are applicable to many orthotropic materials, this book examines novel, cutting-edge approaches to analyse and model bone fracture and fatigue.As the population ages across the globe, bone fracture and fatigue has become a fundamental part of mechanical and biomedical engineering research. Beginning with a thorough description of fracture mechanics and fatigue, the book describes non-linear fracture mechanics under quasi-static and fatigue analyses. It goes on to present a cohesive zone modelling method which is appropriate for mode I, mode II and mixed-mode I+II loading. Presenting the latest research, this book describes cutting-edge fracture tests, new methods for data reduction purposes and numerical models based on cohesive zone modelling. This book is key to aiding both students and professionals in applying fundamental theories and methods to cortical bone tissue.The book will be of interest to students and professionals working in mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, including work on quasi-static fracture, fracture under fatigue loading, artificial bones and fracture mechanisms.
Fracture and Fatigue, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics
by Jay CarrollFracture and Fatigue, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the seventh volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Microstructural Effects in Fatigue & Fracture Fracture of Interfaces Fracture of Composites and Interface Cracks Fatigue & Fracture: Environmental & Loading Effects Fracture & Digital Image Correlation.
Fracture and Size Effect in Concrete and Other Quasibrittle Materials (New Directions In Civil Engineering Ser. #16)
by Zdenek P. Bazant Jaime PlanasFracture and Size Effect in Concrete and Other Quasibrittle Materials is the first in-depth text on the application of fracture mechanics to the analysis of failure in concrete structures. The book synthesizes a vast number of recent research results in the literature to provide a comprehensive treatment of the topic that does not give merely the facts - it provides true understanding. The many recent results on quasibrittle fracture and size effect, which were scattered throughout many periodicals, are compiled here in a single volume. This book presents a well-rounded discussion of the theory of size effect and scaling of failure loads in structures. The size effect, which is the most important practical manifestation of fracture behavior, has become a hot topic. It has gained prominence in current research on concrete and quasibrittle materials. The treatment of every subject in Fracture and Size Effect in Concrete and Other Quasibrittle Materials proceeds from simple to complex, from specialized to general, and is as concise as possible using the simplest level of mathematics necessary to treat the subject clearly and accurately. Whether you are an engineering student or a practicing engineer, this book provides you with a clear presentation, including full derivations and examples, from which you can gain real understanding of fracture and size effect in concrete and other quasibrittle materials.
Fracture of Materials Under Compression Along Cracks (Advanced Structured Materials #138)
by Aleksander N. Guz Viacheslav L. Bogdanov Vladimir M. NazarenkoThis book addresses the problems of fracture mechanics of materials with cracks under the loading directed along the cracks. It considers two non-classical fracture mechanisms, namely the fracture of bodies compressed along cracks and the fracture of materials with initial (residual) stresses acting in parallel to the surfaces of cracks location, and presents new approaches (also including combined one) developed in the framework of three-dimensional linearized mechanics of deformable bodies. It then discusses the results of studies on two- and three-dimensional problems for various configurations of crack locations in isotropic and anisotropic materials, and based on these results, critically evaluates the accuracy and applicability limits of the “beam approximation” approach, which is widely used to study various problems of the fracture of bodies under compression along parallel cracks.
Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 3: Proceedings of the 2022 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Garrett Pataky Allison Beese Ryan B Berke Shelby HutchensFracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 3 of the Proceedings of the 2022 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the third volume of six from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Novel Experimental Methods Extreme Environments Interfacial Fracture Integration of Models & Experiments Mechanics of Energy & Energetic Materials Integration of Models & Experiments In Situ Techniques for Fatigue & Fracture Microscale & Microstructural Effects on Mechanical Behavior
Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics
by Jay Carroll Allison M. Beese Shuman Xia Ryan B. Berke Garrett J. PatakyFracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 6 of the Proceedings of the 2018 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the sixth volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Novel Experimental Methods Extreme Environments Interfacial Fracture Integration of Models & Experiments Mechanics of Energy & Energetic Materials Integration of Models & Experiments In Situ Techniques for Fatigue & Fracture Microscale & Microstructural Effects on Mechanical Behavior.
Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Jay Carroll Allison M. Beese Shuman Xia Ryan B. Berke Garrett J. PatakyFracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 6 of the Proceedings of the 2018 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the sixth volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including:Novel Experimental Methods Extreme Environments Interfacial Fracture Integration of Models & Experiments Mechanics of Energy & Energetic Materials Integration of Models & Experiments In Situ Techniques for Fatigue & Fracture Microscale & Microstructural Effects on Mechanical Behavior
Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 2017 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics
by Jay Carroll Shuman Xia Ryan B. Berke Alison M. Beese Garrett J. PatakyFracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 7 of the Proceedings of the 2017 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the seventh volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. Session organizers include: Jay Carroll, Shuman Xia, Allison Beese, Ryan Berke, Garrett Pataky, Samantha Daly, Kavan Hazeli, Antonios Kontsos, Omer Ozgur Capraz, Scott Grutzik, Onome Scott-Emaukpor The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Mechanics of Energy & Energetic Materials Vibration Effects in Fracture & Fatigue Fracture & Fatigue of Additively Manufactured Materials In Situ Techniques for Fatigue & Fracture Microscale & Microstructural Effects on Mechanical Behavior Fracture & Fatigue of Composites Integration & Validation of Models with Experiments Fracture & Fatigue in Extreme Environments Novel Experimental Methods for Fatigue and Fracture Fracture of Brittle & Ductile Materials Interfacial Fracture.
Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8
by Jay Carroll Alan T. Zehnder Shuman Xia Kavan Hazeli Ryan B. Berke Garrett Pataky Matthew Cavalli Alison M. BeeseFracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8 of the Proceedings of the 2016 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the eighth volume of ten from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: In-situ Techniques for Fracture & Fatigue General Topics in Fracture & Fatigue Fracture & Fatigue of Composites Damage, Fracture, Fatigue & Durability Interfacial Effects in Fracture & Fatigue Damage Detection in Fracture & Fatigue
Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8: Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics
by Jay Carroll Alan T. Zehnder Shuman Xia Kavan Hazeli Ryan B. Berke Garrett Pataky Matthew Cavalli Alison M. BeeseFracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8 of the Proceedings of the 2016 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the eighth volume of ten from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: In-situ Techniques for Fracture & Fatigue General Topics in Fracture & Fatigue Fracture & Fatigue of Composites Damage, Fracture, Fatigue & Durability Interfacial Effects in Fracture & Fatigue Damage Detection in Fracture & Fatigue.