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Gene Expression and its Regulation: An Evolutionary Perspective
by Siddhartha RoyThis textbook for graduate students provides a conceptual framework for comprehending diversity and evolutionary relationships of gene regulatory systems. It elucidates the importance and significance of the physical and chemical principles that underpin gene regulatory processes. The introductory section presents the core principles of the organization of genes, genomes, and aspects of gene regulation in three domains of life. The subsequent narrative then describes the process of gene expression as it goes from the DNA sequence embedded in the genome to the final functional protein. The book then describes how genes are regulated in different domains of life, the principal focus of the book, with considerable mechanistic details. This section also discusses the evolutionary relationships of gene regulatory systems in three domains of life: archaea, eubacteria, and eukarya. In the final section, the book underscores the potential to artificially intervene and alter gene regulation and describes attempts to re-engineer gene regulatory circuits.
Gene Flow: Monitoring, Modeling and Mitigation
by Wei Wei And C. Neal Stewart JrGene flow is a natural process that occurs spontaneously and enables the evolution of life. However, with the release of genetically modified organisms, concerns have focused on introduced foreign transgenes and their dispersal in nature through gene flow. This book examines gene flow of transgenes, such as herbicide resistance genes, with the goal of understanding the factors that may affect the process of gene flow. A greater biological understanding is essential to make sound management regulatory decisions when also taking into consideration the processes that happen in conventional plants. Monitoring, modelling, and mitigation are the three most closely related elements of gene flow. The book includes both scientific reviews and perspectives on gene flow and experimental case studies, including studies of gene flow in soybean and poplar. The authors present diverse views and research methodologies to understand transgene flow. This book: Focuses on applications of gene flow (monitoring, modelling, and mitigation); Includes both review chapters and case studies; Is written by international team of scientists currently working in gene flow. This book will be valuable for students and researchers in genetics, biotechnology, plant science, and environmental science. It also provides key insights of value to regulators of biotechnology as well as policy-makers.
Gene Function Analysis
by Michael F. OchsWith the advent of high-throughput technologies following completion of the human genome project and similar projects, the number of genes of interest has expanded and the traditional methods for gene function analysis cannot achieve the throughput necessary for large-scale exploration. This book brings together a number of recently developed techniques for looking at gene function, including computational, biochemical and biological methods and protocols.
Gene Isolation and Mapping Protocols
by Jacqueline BoultwoodAn unprecedented collection of all the most up-to-date techniques for gene isolation and mapping, including the latest methods for gene characterization using database analyses. This collection of thoroughly tested recipes also includes chapters for the computational analysis of novel cDNA sequences with up-to-the-minute information on basic sequence analysis, sequence similarity searches, exon detection and similarity searches, and the prediction of gene function. Its state-of-the-art methods constitute indispensable tools for all scientists engaged in the search for specific disease genes, or in the general advancement of the human genome project.
Gene Jockeys: Life Science and the Rise of Biotech Enterprise
by Nicolas RasmussenThe scientific scramble to discover the first generation of drugs created through genetic engineering.The biotech arena emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, when molecular biology, one of the fastest-moving areas of basic science in the twentieth century, met the business world. Gene Jockeys is a detailed study of the biotech projects that led to five of the first ten recombinant DNA drugs to be approved for medical use in the United States: human insulin, human growth hormone, alpha interferon, erythropoietin, and tissue plasminogen activator.Drawing on corporate documents obtained from patent litigation, as well as interviews with the ambitious biologists who called themselves gene jockeys, historian Nicolas Rasmussen chronicles the remarkable, and often secretive, work of the scientists who built a new domain between academia and the drug industry in the pursuit of intellectual rewards and big payouts. In contrast to some who critique the rise of biotechnology, Rasmussen contends that biotech was not a swindle, even if the public did pay a very high price for the development of what began as public scientific resources. Within the biotech enterprise, the work of corporate scientists went well beyond what biologists had already accomplished within universities, and it accelerated the medical use of the new drugs by several years.In his technically detailed and readable narrative, Rasmussen focuses on the visible and often heavy hands that construct and maintain the markets in public goods like science. He looks closely at how science follows money, and vice versa, as researchers respond to the pressures and potential rewards of commercially viable innovations. In biotechnology, many of those engaged in crafting markets for genetically engineered drugs were biologists themselves who were in fact trying to do science.This book captures that heady, fleeting moment when a biologist could expect to do great science through the private sector and be rewarded with both wealth and scientific acclaim.
Gene Knockout Protocols
by Ralf Kühn Wolfgang WurstWith the completion of the mouse and human genome sequences, the functional characterization of every mammalian gene and the deciphering of their molecular interaction network has become the next major challenge, and the mouse genome provides a convenient and vital model for these studies. In "Gene Knockout Protocols, Second Edition", distinguished contributors with extensive experience in the gene targeting and mouse genetics fields reveal a comprehensive collection of step-by-step laboratory protocols. Emphasizing the many new mutagenesis techniques developed over the last seven years, the volume covers topics such as gene modification in ES cells, stem cell manipulation, the generation of genetically engineered mice, and mutant phenotype analysis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters contain brief introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Fully updated and authoritative, "Gene Knockout Protocols, Second Edition" provides a unique collection of expert bench protocols certain to be a valuable resource for those just entering the field of gene targeting but also for all genetic researchers today.
Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome
by Venki RamakrishnanFrom Nobel Prize winner Venki Ramakrishnan &‘Beyond superb&’ Bill Bryson &‘A wonderful book&’ Ian McEwan Everyone knows about DNA, the essence of our being, the molecule where our genes reside. But DNA by itself is useless without a machine to decode the genetic information it contains. The ribosome is that machine. Venki Ramakrishnan tells the story of the race to uncover its enormously complex structure, a fundamental breakthrough that resolves an ancient mystery of life itself.
Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome
by Venki RamakrishnanA Nobel Prize-winning biologist tells the riveting story of his race to discover the inner workings of biology's most important molecule"Ramakrishnan's writing is so honest, lucid and engaging that I could not put this book down until I had read to the very end."--Siddhartha Mukherjee, author of The Emperor of All Maladies and The Gene Everyone has heard of DNA. But by itself, DNA is just an inert blueprint for life. It is the ribosome--an enormous molecular machine made up of a million atoms--that makes DNA come to life, turning our genetic code into proteins and therefore into us. Gene Machine is an insider account of the race for the structure of the ribosome, a fundamental discovery that both advances our knowledge of all life and could lead to the development of better antibiotics against life-threatening diseases. But this is also a human story of Ramakrishnan's unlikely journey, from his first fumbling experiments in a biology lab to being the dark horse in a fierce competition with some of the world's best scientists. In the end, Gene Machine is a frank insider's account of the pursuit of high-stakes science.
Gene Mapping, Discovery, and Expression
by Minou BinaA collection of cutting-edge computational tools and experimental techniques to study how genes are regulated, and to reconstruct the regulatory networks through which various cell-types are produced. On the computational side, web-based technologies to localize genes, to access and retrieve data from microarray databases, to conduct comparative genomics, and to discover the potential "codes" in genomic DNA that may control the expression of protein-coding genes. Detailed experimental techniques described include methods for studying chromatin structure and allele-specific gene expression, methods for high-throughput analysis to characterize the transcription factor binding elements, and methods for isolating and identifying proteins that interact with DNA. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each offering step-by-step instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding pitfalls.
Gene Network Inference
by Alberto FuenteThis book presents recent methods for Systems Genetics (SG) data analysis, applying them to a suite of simulated SG benchmark datasets. Each of the chapter authors received the same datasets to evaluate the performance of their method to better understand which algorithms are most useful for obtaining reliable models from SG datasets. The knowledge gained from this benchmarking study will ultimately allow these algorithms to be used with confidence for SG studies e. g. of complex human diseases or food crop improvement. The book is primarily intended for researchers with a background in the life sciences, not for computer scientists or statisticians.
Gene Prediction: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1962)
by Martin KollmarThis volume introduces software used for gene prediction with focus on eukaryotic genomes. The chapters in this book describe software and web server usage as applied in common use-cases, and explain ways to simplify re-annotation of long available genome assemblies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary computational requirements, step-by-step, readily reproducible computational protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Gene Prediction: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers and research groups working on the assembly and annotation of single species or small groups of species. Chapter 3 is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.
Gene Prioritization
by Ali Masoudi-Nejad Alireza MeshkinIdentifying causal genes underlying susceptibility to human disease is a problem of primary importance in the post-genomic era and in current biomedical research. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift of such gene-discovery efforts from rare, monogenic conditions to common "oligogenic" or "multifactorial" conditions such as asthma, diabetes, cancers and neurological disorders. These conditions are referred to as multifactorial because, susceptibility to these diseases is attributed to the combinatorial effects of genetic variation at a number of different genes and their interaction with relevant environmental exposures. The goal of this book is to introduce gene prioritization aspects and the candidate gene prioritization algorithms to give readers a comprehensive view on the subject.
Gene Probes
by Ralph Rapley Marilena Aquino do MuroSenior scientists Marilena Aquino de Muro and Ralph Rapley have brought together an outstanding collection of time-tested protocols for designing and using genes probes in a wide variety of applications. The applications covered range from searching for specific genes in the human chromosome to the detection of microorganisms and their toxins in the environment and in food samples, as well as in the diagnosis of human disease. Helpful tutorials explain the principles of gene probe design, labeling, detection, target formation, and hybridization conditions.
Gene Profiles in Drug Design
by Brett A. Lidbury Suresh MahalingamWith the successful mapping of the human genome, we have entered an age of unprecedented opportunity in which researchers are beginning to apply this vast repository of knowledge to the treatment of human disease. Gene-profiling technologies and the concept of individualized medicine are leading to the development of drugs with enhanced specificity
Gene Regulation and Epigenetics: How Science Works
by Carsten CarlbergThis book delves into the fascinating realm of eukaryotic gene regulation. The specific expression of genes shapes the phenotype of cells and tissues. The regulation of gene expression, including up- and downregulation, is a fundamental aspect of nearly all physiological processes, both in health and disease. These dynamic processes respond to various daily challenges, such as dietary changes and infections. Therefore, it is crucial for not only biologists and biochemists but also all students in biomedical disciplines to understand gene regulation concepts. This foundational knowledge will benefit them in their specialized fields. A comprehensive understanding of transcription factors and the mechanisms that alter their activity is a fundamental goal of modern life science research. Epigenetics refers to the packaging and accessibility of the genome in each of the trillions of cells in our bodies. The prefix “epi” (meaning “upon,” “above,” or “beyond”) indicates that epigenetic processes do not alter the DNA sequence of our genome, adding a layer of information beyond that encoded in our genome. Genomic DNA is wrapped around complexes of histone proteins, helping it fit into a cell nucleus with a diameter of less than 10 μm. This protein-DNA complex is known as chromatin. The content of this book is linked to the “Molecular Medicine and Genetics” course, which the author has lectured on in various forms since 2002 at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. This book is an updated version of the textbooks “Mechanisms of Gene Regulation” and “Human Epigenomics.” It is divided into 16 chapters. Following two introductory chapters, four chapters explore gene regulation from the perspective of transcription factors, while another four chapters focus on chromatin and non-coding RNA. Three chapters then discuss the impact of epigenetics from a health perspective, and the final three chapters address epigenetics from the perspective of diseases. A glossary in the appendix explains the major specialist terms.
Gene Regulation and Therapeutics for Cancer
by Surinder K. BatraDifferential gene regulation and targeted therapy are the critical aspects of several cancers. This book covers specific gene regulation and targeted therapies in different malignancies. It offers a comprehensive assessment of the transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, and considers some examples of transcriptional regulators as definitive oncogenic drivers in solid tumors, followed by a brief discussion of transcriptional effectors of the programs they drive, and discusses its specific targets. Most targeted therapeutics developed to date have been directed against a limited set of oncogenic drivers, exemplified by those encoding cell surface or cytoplasmic kinases that function in intracellular signaling cascades.
Gene Regulation, Epigenetics and Hormone Signaling
by Subhrangsu S. MandalThe first of its kind, this reference gives a comprehensive but concise introduction to epigenetics before covering the many interactions between hormone regulation and epigenetics at all levels. The contents are very well structured with no overlaps between chapters, and each one features supplementary material for use in presentations. Throughout, major emphasis is placed on pathological conditions, aiming at the many physiologists and developmental biologists who are familiar with the importance and mechanisms of hormone regulation but have a limited background in epigenetics.
Gene Regulatory Networks: Methods And Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1883)
by Guido Sanguinetti Vân Anh Huynh-ThuThis volume explores recent techniques for the computational inference of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). The chapters in this book cover topics such as methods to infer GRNs from time-varying data; the extraction of causal information from biological data; GRN inference from multiple heterogeneous data sets; non-parametric and hybrid statistical methods; the joint inference of differential networks; and mechanistic models of gene regulation dynamics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, descriptions of recently developed methods for GRN inference, applications of these methods on real and/ or simulated biological data, and step-by-step tutorials on the usage of associated software tools.Cutting-edge and thorough, Gene Regulatory Networks: Methods and Protocols is an essential tool for evaluating the current research needed to further address the common challenges faced by specialists in this field.
Gene Regulatory Sequences and Human Disease
by Nadav AhituvIn Gene Regulatory Sequences and Human Disease, the Editor will introduce the different technological advances that led to this breakthrough. In addition, several examples will be provided of nucleotide variants in noncoding sequences that have been shown to be associated with various human diseases.
Gene Silencing by RNA Interference: Technology and Application
by Muhammad SohailMaximizing the potential of RNA interference in functional genomics - as well as in the development of therapeutics - continues to be at the forefront of biomedical research. Unlike journal articles, Gene Silencing by RNA Interference: Technology and Application combines essential background to the RNAi field with practical techniques designed by r
Gene Synthesis
by Jean PeccoudThe de novo fabrication of custom DNA molecules is a transformative technology that significantly affects the biotechnology industry. Basic genetic engineering techniques for manipulating DNA in vitro opened an incredible field of opportunity in the life sciences. In, Gene Synthesis: Methods and Protocols expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to fabricate DNA . These include methods and techniques for the assembly of oligonucleotide, cloning of synthons into larger fragments, protocols and software applications, and educational and biosecurity impacts of gene synthesis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the laboratory. Thorough and intuitive, Gene Synthese: Methods and Protocols aids scientists in understanding all the different stages of a complex gene synthesis process, while refining their understanding of gene synthesis and determine what part of the process they can or should do in their laboratory and what parts should be contracted to a specialized service provider.
Gene Targeting and Embryonic Stem Cells (Advanced Methods)
by Alison Thomson Jim McwhirGene Targeting and Embryonic Stem Cells is a practical guide designed for the rapidly growing number of researchers who are moving into this field. Provides details on how to culture, transfect and differentiate established cell lines, and how to isolate new cell lines. Gene targeting experiments are described for a number of cell types, including ungulate fetal fibroblasts, murine ES cells, human embryonal carinoma cells and human ES cells, and include protocols for gene-targeting vectors, DNA transfection and RNA interference. The recent isolation of human embryonic stem cells and the potential of these cells for therapeutic applications has generated an entirely new methodology. Similarly, gene targeting methodology has recently been extended to nuclear donor cells in ungulate species. This volume will be invaluable for both new and established researchers in the field of human embryonic stem cells, and to biotech companies engaged in the production of transgenic proteins in livestock, xenotransplantation and the development of animal models.
Gene Therapy (Medical Perspectives Ser.)
by Nicholas R. Lemoine David N. CooperGene Therapy describes the delivery systems now available to target a given tissue with specific gene or oligonucleotide sequences, and explores the utility of animal modules as test systems. In the context of selected disease states, it summarises in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials performed to date.
Gene Therapy , Third Edition, Volume 2: Design and Characterization of Gene Transfer Vectors
by Joseph LedouxIn Gene Therapy Protocols, Volumes 1 & 2, internationally recognized investigators describe cutting-edge laboratory techniques for the study of Production and In Vivo Applications of Gene Transfer Vectors (Volume 1) and Design and Characterization of Gene Transfer Vectors (Volume 2). The field of gene therapy has undergone remarkable advances, promising to impact human healthcare significantly in the twenty-first century. Today’s technologies can deliver genetic material safely and effectively to cells to slow or halt the progression of disease, and to help repair or regenerate damaged or lost tissues. In this second volume of Gene Therapy Protocols: Design and Characterization of Gene Transfer Vectors, readers will find a comprehensive resource of current and emerging methods for the processing and characterization of viral and non-viral gene transfer vectors, as well as promising approaches to design vectors for efficient, targeted and regulated gene delivery and expression. This second volume of the new and completely revised third edition of Gene Therapy Protocols will prove a necessary tool for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows and invaluable to basic and clinical researchers in both industry and academia.
Gene Therapy for Cartilage and Bone Tissue Engineering
by Yu-Chen Hu"Gene Therapy for Cartilage and Bone Tissue Engineering" outlines the tissue engineering and possible applications of gene therapy in the field of biomedical engineering as well as basic principles of gene therapy, vectors and gene delivery, specifically for cartilage and bone engineering. It is intended for tissue engineers, cell therapists, regenerative medicine scientists and engineers, gene therapist and virologists. Dr. Yu-Chen Hu is a Distinguished Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University and has received the Outstanding Research Award (National Science Council), Asia Research Award (Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan) and Professor Tsai-Teh Lai Award (Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers). He is also a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) and a member of the Tissue Engineering International & Regenerative Medicine Society (TERMIS)-Asia Pacific Council.