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High-Energy Charged Particles
by Shu Seki Tsuneaki Sakurai Masaaki Omichi Akinori Saeki Daisuke SakamakiThis book features comprehensive explanations from the classical theory of high-energy particle interactions with matter to their use for a novel nanofabrication technique for various organic soft materials. Potential readers include scientists and engineers in both academia and industry, as well as students of materials science, nanotechnology, and nuclear power engineering. Readers will learn about the historical research background of radiation chemistry and interactions of an accelerated particle with matter, and then move on to recent research topics having to do with nanofabrication of soft materials by using single charged particles with high energy. Target materials of the highlighted novel technique include proteins, thermo-responsive and photo-responsive polymers, semiconducting polymers, and even small organic molecules. The descriptions of these various newly developed nanomaterials will interest a broad spectrum of readers and provide them with a new perspective. The many conceptual illustrations and microscopic images of nanomaterials that are included will help readers to easily understand the contents of the book.
High-Energy Chemistry and Processing in Liquids
by Yoshie Ishikawa Takahiro Nakamura Morihisa Saeki Tadatake Sato Teruki Sugiyama Hiroyuki Wada Tomoyuki YatsuhashiThis book focuses on chemical reactions and processing under extreme conditions—how materials react with highly concentrated active species and/or in a very confined high-temperature and high-pressure volume. Those ultimate reaction environments created by a focused laser beam, discharges, ion bombardments, or microwaves provide characteristic nano- and submicron-sized products and functional nanostructures. The book explores the chemistry and processing of metals and non-metals as well as molecules that are strongly dependent on the energy deposition processes and character of the materials. Descriptions of a wide range of topics are given from the perspective of a variety of research methodologies, material preparations, and applications. The reader is led to consider and review how a high-energy source interacts with materials, and what the key factors are that determine the quality and quantity of nanoproducts and nano-processing.
High Energy Cosmic Rays (Astrophysics and Space Science Library #462)
by Todor StanevOffers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models
High Energy Costs: Uneven, Unfair, Unavoidable? (Routledge Revivals)
by Joseph M. Dukert Hans H. LandsbergHigh energy prices affect nearly the whole of the American population, arguably affecting some consumer groups more than others. Although originally published in 1981, the issues explored in this study such as who is affected most by energy price increases, regional differences and what can or should be done in the United States in regards to energy costs are still as relevant today as they were then. These papers attempt to directly address these concerns in the wake of the 1979-80 price shock in America and to advise what action can be taken to allay these concerns. This title will be of interest to students of environmental studies and economics.
High Energy Costs: Assessing the Burden (Routledge Revivals)
by Hans H. LandsbergThe two major concerns in the energy policy debate relate to economic efficiency and whether the price should indicate to each consumer the true cost to the economy of using more energy, and the second is that of economic equity where it is argued that energy is a basic necessity for survival and the government has the responsibility to provide assistance for lower-income families. Originally published in 1982, this volume focuses on the uneven impact of rising energy costs on different income groups, regions, and household locations. This collection of papers helps to fill the knowledge gaps about the amount and distribution of household energy expenditure. The volume is organised with a paper introducing each topic followed by one or two discussants’ remarks further examining the issues at hand. It is a valuable title for students interested in environmental studies and national policy.
High-Energy-Density Physics
by R Paul DrakeThis book has two goals. One goal is to provide a means for those new to high-energy-density physics to gain a broad foundation from one text. The second goal is to provide a useful working reference for those in the ?eld. This book has at least four possible applications in an academic c- text. It can be used for training in high-energy-density physics, in support of the growing number of university and laboratory research groups working in this area. It also can be used by schools with an emphasis on ultrafast lasers, to provide some introduction to issues present in all laser-target - perimentswithhigh-powerlasers,andwiththoroughcoverageofthematerial in Chap. 11 on relativistic systems. In addition, it could be used by physics, applied physics, or engineering departments to provide in a single course an introduction to the basics of ?uid mechanics and radiative transfer, with d- matic applications. Finally, it could be used by astrophysics departments for a similar purpose, with the parallel bene?t of training the students in the similarities and di?erences between laboratory and astrophysical systems. The notation in this text is deliberately sparse and when possible a given symbol has only one meaning. A de?nition of the symbols used is given in Appendix A. In various cases, additional subscripts are added to distinguish among cases of the same quantity, as for example in the use of ? and ? 1 2 to distinguish the mass density in two di?erent regions.
High-Energy Ecologically Safe HF/DF Lasers: Physics of Self-Initiated Volume Discharge-Based HF/DF Lasers
by Victor V. Apollonov Sergey Yu. KazantsevThis book explores new principles of Self-Initiating Volume Discharge for creating high-energy non-chain HF(DF) lasers, as well as the creation of highly efficient lasers with output energy and radiation power in the spectral region of 2.6–5 μm. Today, sources of high-power lasing in this spectral region are in demand in various fields of science and technology including remote sensing of the atmosphere, medicine, biological imaging, precision machining and other special applications. These applications require efficient laser sources with high pulse energy, pulsed and average power, which makes the development of physical fundamentals of high-power laser creation and laser complexes of crucial importance. High-Energy Ecologically Safe HF/DF Lasers: Physics of Self-Initiated Volume Discharge-Based HF/DF Lasers examines the conditions of formation of SSVD, gas composition and the mode of energy input into the gas on the efficiency and radiation energy of non-chain HF(DF) lasers. Key Features: Shares research results on SSVD in mixtures of non-chain HF(DF) lasers Studies the stability and dynamics of the development of SSVD Discusses the effect of the gas composition and geometry of the discharge gap (DG) on its characteristics Proposes recommendations for gas composition and for the method of obtaining SSVD in non-chain HF(DF) lasers Develops simple and reliable wide-aperture non-chain HF(DF) lasers and investigates their characteristics Investigates the possibilities of expanding the lasing spectrum of non-chain HF(DF) lasers
High Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics
by Jai Prakash AgrawalAuthored by an insider with over 40 years of high energy materials (HEMs) experience in academia, industry and defense organizations, this handbook and ready reference covers all important HEMs from the 1950s to the present with their respective properties and intended purposes. Written at an attainable level for professionals, engineers and technicians alike, the book provides a comprehensive view of the current status and suggests further directions for research and development. An introductory chapter on the chemical and thermodynamic basics allows the reader to become acquainted with the fundamental features of explosives, before moving on to the important safety aspects in processing, handling, transportation and storage of high energy materials. With its collation of results and formulation strategies hitherto scattered in the literature, this should be on the shelf of every HEM researcher and developer.
High Entropy Materials: Processing, Properties, and Applications (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)
by Krishanu Biswas Nilesh Prakash Gurao Tanmoy Maiti Rajiv S. MishraThis book provides a detailed overview of high entropy materials and alloys, discussing their structure, the processing of bulk and nanostructured alloys as well as their mechanical and functional properties and applications. It covers the exponential growth in research which has occurred over the last decade, discussing novel processing techniques, estimation of mechanical, functional and physical properties, and utility of these novel materials for various applications. Given the expanding scope of HEAs in ceramics, polymers, thin films and coating, this book will be of interest to material scientists and engineers alike.
High-Entropy Materials: From Basics to Applications
by Huimin Xiang Fu-Zhi Dai Yanchun ZhouHigh-Entropy Materials Significant update of knowledge in the field of high-entropy materials, including promising new high-entropy ceramics High-Entropy Materials provides information on state-of-the-art development in the field of high-entropy materials, including high-entropy alloys, high-entropy ceramics, and a variety of their applications, covering many core topics to provide a thorough and detailed overview of the subject. The book also thoroughly explores the applications of high-entropy materials in various areas, such as EBC/TBC coating, superhard and wear resistance coating, nuclear energy, batteries, catalysts, thermoelectric, supercapacitors, biocompatible structure, and microelectronics. In High-Entropy Materials, readers can expect to find specific information on: Basics of high entropy materials, structural features and thermodynamics of high-entropy materials, and theoretical design in high-entropy materials Synthesis and processing of high-entropy materials and characterization of high-entropy materials, as well as their mechanical and functional properties Challenges and future directions of high-entropy materials, a relatively new type of material that has been in development only since the early 2000s How high-entropy materials are a horizon-broadening class of materials that can significantly further humanity’s pursuit of progress Focusing on the fundamentals and developments of high-entropy alloys and ceramics as well as on their microstructure and properties for a wide range of applications, High-Entropy Materials is an essential resource on the subject for materials scientists, metallurgists, mechanical engineers, and professionals in the aerospace industries.
High-Entropy Materials: A Brief Introduction
by Yong ZhangThis book draws on the latest research to discuss the history and development of high-entropy alloys and ceramics in bulk, film, and fiber form. High-entropy materials have recently been developed using the entropy of mixing and entropy of configuration of materials, and have proven to exhibit unique properties superior to those of conventional materials. The field of high-entropy alloys was born in 2004, and has since been developed for both scientific and engineering applications. Although there is extensive literature, this field is rapidly transforming. This book highlights the cutting edge of high-entropy materials, including their fundamentals and applications. Above all, it reflects two major milestones in their development: the equi-atomic ratio single-phase high-entropy alloys; and the non-equi-atomic ratio dual-phase high-entropy alloys.
High-Field MR Imaging
by Oliver Speck Jürgen HennigThis book describes the current status of the very rapidly developing field of high-field MR and examines the possibilities, challenges, and limitations of this fascinating technology. In the initial chapters, the basic technological background is explained in a non-technical way so as to promote understanding of the issues and concepts and avoid overwhelming the reader with excessive detail. Safety issues, methods, and contrast are then carefully considered. The final part of the book examines the diverse applications of high-field MR imaging in radiology, neuroscience, oncology, and other fields, with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. All chapters are written by leading experts who have taken great care to illustrate the potential and progress of the field in an informative and accessible manner. The book will appeal to all with a potential interest in the application of high-field MR imaging, including radiologists, neuroscientists, and oncologists.
High Flyer! (The Secret World of Alex Mack #14)
by Patricia Barnes-SvarneyUp, Up, and Away! Alex may have some unusual powers, but one thing she can't do is fly. So when her new friend Chris invites Alex and her friends to the soaring fields where his dad flies glider planes, she leaps at the opportunity. Everyone has a great time, and when Chris tells them about his dad's plan to start a flying school on the fields, they offer to help. Someone, though, is out to stop them. First, the fields are mysteriously damaged. Then one of the planes is sabotaged. Alex knows she shouldn't, but using her GC-161 powers is tempting. How else can she stop the creep who's trying to ground the sailplanes for good? ?
High Frequency Acoustics in Colloid-Based Meso- and Nanostructures by Spontaneous Brillouin Light Scattering
by Tim StillThe present thesis deals with the exploration of phononic properties of meso- and nanostructured colloid-based composite materials at hypersonic (GHz) frequencies. The emerging field of phononics, the mechanical analogue of photonics, treats the propagation and manipulation of acoustic waves in structured materials. Due to their widely tunable properties (size, density, etc.) and their ability to self-assembly, polymer colloids are ideal systems to realize hypersonic phononics, which are investigated by Brillouin light scattering herein. Therefore, both the mechanical and physical properties of the individual colloidal particles, which manifest in their resonance vibrations (eigenmodes), as well as the acoustic propagation in colloidal structures have been investigated. This thesis already lead to several journal publications and seven presentations at international conferences, and was honored summa cum laude.
High-Frequency Isolated Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge DC–DC Converters with Wide Voltage Gain (Cpss Power Electronics Ser.)
by Guo Xu Deshang ShaWritten by experts, this book is based on recent research findings in high-frequency isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters with wide voltage range. It presents advanced power control methods and new isolated bidirectional DC-DC topologies to improve the performance of isolated bidirectional converters. Providing valuable insights, advanced methods and practical design guides on the DC-DC conversion that can be considered in applications such as microgrid, bidirectional EV chargers, and solid state transformers, it is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and engineers in the field of isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters.
High-Frequency Magnetic Components
by Marian K. KazimierczukA unique text on the theory and design fundaments of inductors and transformers, updated with more coverage on the optimization of magnetic devices and many new design examplesThe first edition is popular among a very broad audience of readers in different areas of engineering and science. This book covers the theory and design techniques of the major types of high-frequency power inductors and transformers for a variety of applications, including switching-mode power supplies (SMPS) and resonant dc-to-ac power inverters and dc-to-dc power converters. It describes eddy-current phenomena (such as skin and proximity effects), high-frequency magnetic materials, core saturation, core losses, complex permeability, high-frequency winding resistance, winding power losses, optimization of winding conductors, integrated inductors and transformers, PCB inductors, self-capacitances, self-resonant frequency, core utilization factor area product method, and design techniques and procedures of power inductors and transformers. These components are commonly used in modern power conversion applications. The material in this book has been class-tested over many years in the author's own courses at Wright State University, which have a high enrolment of about a hundred graduate students per term. The book presents the growing area of magnetic component research in a textbook form, covering the foundations for analysing and designing magnetic devices specifically at high-frequencies. Integrated inductors are described, and the Self-capacitance of inductors and transformers is examined. This new edition adds information on the optimization of magnetic components (Chapter 5). Chapter 2 has been expanded to provide better coverage of core losses and complex permeability, and Chapter 9 has more in-depth coverage of self-capacitances and self-resonant frequency of inductors. There is a more rigorous treatment of many concepts in all chapters. Updated end-of-chapter problems aid the readers' learning process, with an online solutions manual available for use in the classroom.Provides physics-based descriptions and models of discrete inductors and transformers as well as integrated magnetic devicesNew coverage on the optimization of magnetic devices, updated information on core losses and complex permeability, and more in-depth coverage of self-capacitances and self-resonant frequency of inductorsMany new design examples and end-of-chapter problems for the reader to test their learningPresents the most up-to-date and important references in the fieldUpdated solutions manual, now available through a companion websiteAn up to date resource for Post-graduates and professors working in electrical and computer engineering. Research students in power electronics. Practising design engineers of power electronics circuits and RF (radio-frequency) power amplifiers, senior undergraduates in electrical and computer engineering, and R & D staff.
High Frequency Oscillators for Electro-Therapeutic and Other Purposes
by Nikola TeslaNikola Tesla was a genius who revolutionized how the world looks at electricity.
High Frontiers: Dolpo and the Changing World of Himalayan Pastoralists (Historical Ecology Series)
by Kenneth Michael BauerDolpo is a culturally Tibetan enclave in one of Nepal's most remote regions. The Dolpo-pa, or people of Dolpo, share language, religious and cultural practices, history, and a way of life. Agro-pastoralists who live in some of the highest villages in the world, the Dolpo-pa wrest survival from this inhospitable landscape through a creative combination of farming, animal husbandry, and trade. High Frontiers is an ethnography and ecological history of Dolpo tracing the dramatic transformations in the region's socioeconomic patterns. Once these traders passed freely between Tibet and Nepal with their caravans of yak to exchange salt and grains; they relied on winter pastures in Tibet to maintain their herds. After 1959, China assumed full control over Tibet and the border was closed, restricting livestock migrations and sharply curtailing trade. At the same time, increasing supplies of Indian salt reduced the value of Tibetan salt, undermining Dolpo's economic niche. Dolpo's agro-pastoralists were forced to reinvent their lives by changing their migration patterns, adopting new economic partnerships, and adapting to external agents of change. The region has been transformed as a result of the creation of Nepal's largest national park, the making of Himalaya, a major motion picture filmed on location, the increasing presence of nongovernmental organizations, and a booming trade in medicinal products. High Frontiers examines these transformations at the local level and speculates on the future of pastoralism in this region and across the Himalayas.
High Frontiers: Dolpo and the Changing World of Himalayan Pastoralists
by Kenneth Michael BauerDolpo is a culturally Tibetan enclave in one of Nepal's most remote regions. The Dolpo-pa, or people of Dolpo, share language, religious and cultural practices, history, and a way of life. Agro-pastoralists who live in some of the highest villages in the world, the Dolpo-pa wrest survival from this inhospitable landscape through a creative combination of farming, animal husbandry, and trade. High Frontiers is an ethnography and ecological history of Dolpo tracing the dramatic transformations in the region's socioeconomic patterns. Once these traders passed freely between Tibet and Nepal with their caravans of yak to exchange salt and grains; they relied on winter pastures in Tibet to maintain their herds. After 1959, China assumed full control over Tibet and the border was closed, restricting livestock migrations and sharply curtailing trade. At the same time, increasing supplies of Indian salt reduced the value of Tibetan salt, undermining Dolpo's economic niche. Dolpo's agro-pastoralists were forced to reinvent their lives by changing their migration patterns, adopting new economic partnerships, and adapting to external agents of change. The region has been transformed as a result of the creation of Nepal's largest national park, the making of Himalaya, a major motion picture filmed on location, the increasing presence of nongovernmental organizations, and a booming trade in medicinal products. High Frontiers examines these transformations at the local level and speculates on the future of pastoralism in this region and across the Himalayas.
High Impact Teaching for Sport and Exercise Psychology Educators
by John E. Coumbe-Lilley Amber M. ShipherdHigh Impact Teaching for Sport and Exercise Psychology Educators addresses the need for a resource on effective course design, assessment, content delivery, and classroom management that is specific to educators in the field of sport and exercise psychology and to working with the millennial learner. It provides discipline-specific ideas to improve teaching in higher education. The book provides an evidence-based guide of tried and tested teaching methods for teachers of sport and exercise psychology at all levels in all formats of education. Irrespective of the level and prior teaching experience in sport and exercise psychology, this is a starting point for delivering significant learning experiences for students in this field of study. Second, it addresses the millennial learner and recommends future teaching and learning experiences in traditional, hybrid, and online formats. Finally, High Impact Teaching for Sport and Exercise Psychology Educators provides a positive approach to engaging students in an ongoing process of learning and involvement in the field of sport and exercise psychology. This book is intended for any educator in a 2- or 4-year institution of higher education who is or will be teaching courses at the undergraduate or graduate level in sport and exercise psychology as well as students and practitioners in the areas of sport and exercise psychology and physical education.
High-Intensity Ultrasonics: Theory and Industrial Applications
by OV AbramovThis book presents a comprehensive description of the theory and physics of high-intensity ultrasound, as well as dealing with a wide range of problems associated with the industrial applications of ultrasound, mainly in the areas of metallurgy and mineral processing. The book is divided into three sections, with Part I introducing the reader to the theory and physics of high-intensity ultrasound. Topics in this section include the propagation of ultrasound in liquid media and related nonlinear phenomena, metal crystallization in an ultrasonic field, ultrasound propagation in solids, alterations in dislocational structure, and ultrasonic effects on solidified metal. In Part II the design of ultrasonic generators, mechanoacoustic radiators and other vibrational systems is considered, as well as the control of acoustic parameters when vibrations are passed into a processed medium. Part lll describes problems associated with various uses of high-intensity ultrasound in metallurgy, for example ore dressing or producing powders and cast composites. The applications of high-intensity ultrasound for metal shaping, thermal and thermochemical treatment, welding, cutting, refining, and surface hardening are also discussed here. This comprehensive monograph provides an invaluable source of information, which has been largely unavailable in the West until now. The author is very well known and respected internationally within the field of ultrasonics.
High Jet Multiplicity Physics at the LHC
by Mireia Crispín OrtuzarThis book describes research in two different areas of state-of-the-art hadron collider physics, both of which are of central importance in the field of particle physics. The first part of the book focuses on the search for supersymmetric particles called gluinos. The book subsequently presents a set of precision measurements of “multi-jet” collision events, which involve large numbers of newly created particles, and are among the dominant processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Now that a Higgs boson has been discovered at the LHC, the existence (or non-existence) of supersymmetric particles is of the utmost interest and significance, both theoretically and experimentally. In addition, multi-jet collision events are an important background process for a wide range of analyses, including searches for supersymmetry.
High k Gate Dielectrics
by Michel HoussaThe drive toward smaller and smaller electronic componentry has huge implications for the materials currently being used. As quantum mechanical effects begin to dominate, conventional materials will be unable to function at scales much smaller than those in current use. For this reason, new materials with higher electrical permittivity will be requ
High? Low? Where Did It Go?: All About Animal Camouflage (Cat in the Hat's Learning Library)
by Tish RabeThe Cat looks at animals that are not easy to see! The Cat in the Hat introduces young readers to the concept of camouflage—a type of adaptation that helps animals survive. Children will learn how some animals change color to blend in with their surroundings, how some disguise themselves by matching the shape or texture of their environment, and how others use their coloring to make it hard for predators to see the outlines of their bodies. Examples include well-known animals like zebras, crocodiles, polar bears, and penguins, as well as lesser-known ones like tailor ants, decorator crabs, stick insects, and more! Ideal for supporting the Common Core State Standards, and a natural for fans of the hit PBS Kids show The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!, this is a great way to introduce beginning readers to science and nonfiction!
High Magnetic Field Science and Its Application in the United States
by Board on Physics and Astronomy Committee to Assess the Current Status and Future Direction of High Magnetic Field Science in the United States Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Research CouncilThe Committee to Assess the Current Status and Future Direction of High Magnetic Field Science in the United States was convened by the National Research Council in response to a request by the National Science Foundation. This report answers three questions: (1) What is the current state of high-field magnet science, engineering, and technology in the United States, and are there any conspicuous needs to be addressed? (2) What are the current science drivers and which scientific opportunities and challenges can be anticipated over the next ten years? (3) What are the principal existing and planned high magnetic field facilities outside of the United States, what roles have U.S. high field magnet development efforts played in developing those facilities, and what potentials exist for further international collaboration in this area? A magnetic field is produced by an electrical current in a metal coil. This current exerts an expansive force on the coil, and a magnetic field is "high" if it challenges the strength and current-carrying capacity of the materials that create the field. Although lower magnetic fields can be achieved using commercially available magnets, research in the highest achievable fields has been, and will continue to be, most often performed in large research centers that possess the materials and systems know-how for forefront research. Only a few high field centers exist around the world; in the United States, the principal center is the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL). High Magnetic Field Science and Its Application in the United States considers continued support for a centralized high-field facility such as NHFML to be the highest priority. This report contains a recommendation for the funding and siting of several new high field nuclear magnetic resonance magnets at user facilities in different regions of the United States. Continued advancement in high-magnetic field science requires substantial investments in magnets with enhanced capabilities. High Magnetic Field Science and Its Application in the United States contains recommendations for the further development of all-superconducting, hybrid, and higher field pulsed magnets that meet ambitious but achievable goals.