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Liposomes: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2622)
by Hongwei Zhang Gerard G. M. D’SouzaThis third edition provides new and updated chapters detailing preparation of liposomes, physicochemical characterization of liposomes, lipid analysis, drug encapsulation, surface modification, stimuli response as well as cellular interaction, and biodistribution. Also included is an updated chapter on the history and evolution of the field of liposomology. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Liposomes: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition aims to serve as a reference for graduate students, post-doctoral researchers as well as established investigators utilizing lipid-based systems.
Lipospheres in Drug Targets and Delivery: Approaches, Methods, and Applications
by Claudio NastruzziLipospheres in Drug Targets and Delivery: Approaches, Methods, and Applications presents an overview of the most recent applications of lipospheres primarily in the field of medicine, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology. It includes chapters on preparation, characterization, delivery (of peptides, proteins, vaccines, nucleic acids), therapeutic applic
Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry (Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Series)
by Emine E Abali Susan D Cline David S Franklin Susan M ViselliPraised by faculty and students for more than two decades, Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry is the long-established go-to resource for mastering the essentials of biochemistry. This best-selling text helps students quickly review, assimilate, and integrate large amounts of critical and complex information, with unparalleled illustrations that bring concepts to life. Like other titles in the popular Lippincott® Illustrated Review Series, this text follows an intuitive outline organization and boasts a wealth of study aids that clarify challenging information and strengthen retention and understanding. This updated and revised edition emphasizes clinical application and features new exercises, questions, and accompanying digital resources to ready students for success on exams and beyond.
Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Cell and Molecular Biology (Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Series)
by Nalini Chandar Susan ViselliNow in its second edition, Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Cell and Molecular Biology continues to provide a highly visual presentation of essential cell and molecular biology, focusing on topics related to human health and disease.
Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Cell and Molecular Biology (Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Series)
by Nalini Chandar Susan ViselliUp to date, easy to use, and rich with vibrant illustrations, Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Cell and Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition, provides a highly visual presentation of essential cell and molecular biology with a focus on topics related to human health and disease. This engaging approach incorporates all of the most popular features of the bestselling Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews series, including abundant full-color illustrations, chapter summaries, and review questions that link basic science to real-life clinical situations. The updated, versatile 3rd Edition can be used for a standalone cell biology course in medical, health professions, or other graduate and upper-level undergraduate programs; as a review for course and board exams; or in conjunction with other Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews for a seamless integrated course.
Liquid Atomization
by L.P. BayvelCovering the basics of liquid atomization, this book familiarizes readers with the physical processes of liquid atomization, the main types of atomizers and their design, measurements of spray characteristics, experimental investigations of atomizers, and application of atomizers. It demonstrates how to calculate and design atomizers and how to mea
Liquid Biofuel Production
by Gaurav Chaudhary Lalit Kumar SinghLiquid Biofuel Production by Lalit Kumar Singh (Editor), Gaurav Chaudhary (Editor)
Liquid Biofuels: Bioethanol (Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies #12)
by Carlos Ricardo Soccol Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira Claude-Gilles Dussap Luciana Porto de Souza VandenbergheThis book covers the present and future of bioethanol biorefinery technologies. It discusses the efficient use of feedstock in bioethanol production, and critically reviews the environmental sustainability of bioethanol production. In addition, it describes the integrated production of bioelectricity, biopolymers, organic acids, and other biomolecules, as well as the use of process-related liquid and solid byproducts and/or wastes during bioethanol generation.Since the bioethanol industry has also led the automotive industry to explore new avenues, this book summarizes the various aspects of ethanol motorization, hybrid engine development, and biofuel electrification. For decades, clean and renewable alternatives have been sought to reduce dependence on petroleum-based fossil fuels and CO2 emissions. Bioethanol appears as one of the best solutions for the production of biofuels, bioenergy and biochemicals, along with the establishment of new biorefinery concepts and a circular bioeconomy. Therefore, the ideas and technologies presented in this book contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.This book is a useful reference for postgraduate students and researchers interested in biorefinery and biofuel technologies, both in academia- and commercial laboratories. Early career scientists can use it to fast track into the field. Advanced scientists will find it helpful to gain a broader overview of the field beyond their area of specialization.
Liquid Biofuels: Fundamentals, Characterization, and Applications
by Krushna Prasad ShadangiCompiled by a well-known expert in the field, Liquid Biofuels provides a profound knowledge to researchers about biofuel technologies, selection of raw materials, conversion of various biomass to biofuel pathways, selection of suitable methods of conversion, design of equipment, selection of operating parameters, determination of chemical kinetics, reaction mechanism, preparation of bio-catalyst: its application in bio-fuel industry and characterization techniques, use of nanotechnology in the production of biofuels from the root level to its application and many other exclusive topics for conducting research in this area. Written with the objective of offering both theoretical concepts and practical applications of those concepts, Liquid Biofuels can be both a first-time learning experience for the student facing these issues in a classroom and a valuable reference work for the veteran engineer or scientist. The description of the detailed characterization methodologies along with the precautions required during analysis are extremely important, as are the detailed description about the ultrasound assisted biodiesel production techniques, aviation biofuels and its characterization techniques, advance in algal biofuel techniques, pre-treatment of biomass for biofuel production, preparation and characterization of bio-catalyst, and various methods of optimization. The book offers a comparative study between the various liquid biofuels obtained from different methods of production and its engine performance and emission analysis so that one can get the utmost idea to find the better biofuel as an alternative fuel. Since the book covers almost all the field of liquid biofuel production techniques, it will provide advanced knowledge to the researcher for practical applications across the energy sector. A valuable reference for engineers, scientists, chemists, and students, this volume is applicable to many different fields, across many different industries, at all levels. It is a must-have for any library.
Liquid Biopsies: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2695)
by Tao Huang Jialiang Yang Geng TianThis book analyzes liquid biopsy applications in cancer and other diseases. Chapters guide readers through the latest technologies and analysis methods for liquid biopsy,liquid biopsy in cancer, role of liquid biopsies in rheumatoid arthriti, cell-free circulating DNA profiling in patients with skin diseases, circulating non-coding RNAs, and exomes. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Liquid Biopsies: Methods and Protocols aims to attract more researchers and clinicians to study the diagnosis, immunotherapy, and prognosis of cancer and other diseases with liquid biopsy analysis.
Liquid Chromatography Detectors
by T. M. VickreyThis book documents the principles of operation, the advantages and drawbacks, and the potential future of currently available liquid chromatographic detectors. In offering a snapshot of the current technology, it provides clear explanations and possible new horizons for both beginners and experts.
Liquid Chromatography for the Analyst
by Raymond P.W. ScottThis work provides a clear presentation of the chromatographic process - demonstrating the functions of all associated instrumentation and the procedures necessary to obtain accurate qualitative and quantitative results. The work supplies a host of applications from a variety of sources to help identify the best equipment, the most appropriate colu
Liquid Chromatography in Clinical Analysis
by Pokar M. Kabra Laurence J. MartonLiquid Chromatography in Clinical Analysis
Liquid Chromatography of Polymers and Related Materials, II
by Jack Cazes; Xavier DelamareThis book covers a range of topics of interest to those involved in the fractionation and characterization of polymeric substances. It deals with problems that are encountered in modern gel permeation chromatography with dual detection when calculating average molecular weights.
Liquid Chromatography of Polymers and Related Materials. III (Chromatographic Science Ser. #19)
by Jack CazesThis book describes new gel permeation chromatography/liquid chromatography applications and techniques that will provide polymer scientists and practitioners with insight into the development of new polymers and plastics and improvement of existing materials.
Liquid Chromatography of Synthetic Polymers: Entropy/Enthalpy Compensation and Critical Conditions (Physical Chemistry in Action)
by Muhammad Imran Malik Dusan BerekThis book elucidates the peculiar phenomenon of entropy/enthalpy compensation that takes place in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of polymers. Numerous publications, including some books, are devoted to molecular characterization of synthetic polymers, materials presently produced in large and steadily growing quantities, applying methods of HPLC. A knowledge of the molecular characteristics of polymers is indispensable, not only for their proper applications but also for their recycling and remediation. Polymer scientists generally focus on synthesis and potential applications of polymers while not giving due attention to an important central link, their comprehensive characterization in context of development of structure-property correlations. To fill this gap is one of the aims of the present book. The process of entropy/enthalpy compensation plays a decisive role in the advanced method of polymer characterization such as liquid chromatography at critical conditions, eluent gradient interaction chromatography, and temperature gradient interaction chromatography. All chemists working on any aspect of polymer science will find this book a valuable resource for the development of structure-property correlations.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Chromatographic Science Series)
by Wilfried M.A. NiessenA constructive evaluation of the most significant developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its uses for quantitative bioanalysis and characterization for a diverse range of disciplines, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Third Edition offers a well-rounded coverage of the latest technological developments and
Liquid Crystal Colloids
by Igor MuševičThis book brings together the many concepts and discoveries in liquid crystal colloids contributed over the last twenty years and scattered across numerous articles and book chapters. It provides both a historical overview of the development of the field and a clear perspective on the future applications in photonics. The book covers all phenomena observed in liquid crystal colloids with an emphasis on experimental tools and applications of topology in condensed matter, as well as practical micro-photonics applications. It includes a number of spectacular manifestations of new topological phenomena not found or difficult to observe in other systems. Starting from the early works on nematic colloids, it explains the basics of topological defects in ordered media, charge and winding, and the elastic forces between colloidal particles in nematics. Following a detailed description of experimental methods, such as optical tweezing and particle tracking, the book eases the reader into the theoretical part, which deals with elastic deformation of nematic liquid crystals due to inclusions and surface alignment. This is discussed in the context of basic mean field Landau-de Gennes Q-tensor theory, with a brief explanation of the free-energy minimization numerical methods. There then follows an excursion into the topology of complex nematic colloidal structures, colloidal entanglement, knotting and linking. Nematic droplets, shells, handlebodies and chiral topological structures are addressed in separate chapters. The book concludes with an extensive chapter on the photonic properties of nematic dispersions, presenting the concept of integrated soft matter photonics and discussing the concepts of nematic and chiral nematic microlasers, surface-sensitive photonic devices and smectic microfibers. The text is complemented by a large bibliography, explanatory sketches and beautiful micrographs.
Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Materials and Applications
by Wim H. de JeuPreparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers, by F. Brömmel, D. Kramer, H. Finkelmann Applications of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers, by C. Ohm, M. Brehmer und R. Zentel Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Light, by Peter Palffy-Muhoray Electro-Opto-Mechanical Effects in Swollen Nematic Elastomers, by Kenji Urayama The Isotropic-to-Nematic Conversion in Liquid Crystalline Elastomers, by Andrija Lebar, George Cordoyiannis, Zdravko Kutnjak und Bostjan Zalar Order and Disorder in Liquid-Crystalline Elastomers, by Wim H. de Jeu und Boris I. Ostrovskii
Liquid Crystal Sensors (Liquid Crystals Book Series)
by Albert P. H. J. Schenning, Gregory P. Crawford, and Dirk J. BroerLiquid Crystal Sensors discusses novel applications of liquid crystals that lie beyond electrically driven optical switches and displays. The main focus is on recent progress in the area of sensors based on low molar mass and polymer liquid crystals. This area of research became "hot" in recent years since the possibilities for applications of liquid crystal sensors are growing in many areas, ranging from the detection of mechanical displacements to the detection of environmental pollutants and chemical agents. This book is well-suited for students, as well as scientists from different backgrounds. For students and researchers new to the field, it gives a thorough introduction. For experienced researchers it shows the latest breakthroughs and serves as an inspiration for solving problems or sparking new ideas. Key Features: Emphasizes how liquid crystals are extremely sensitive to external stimuli and therefore can be used for the construction of stimuli-responsive devices, such as sensors Includes the contributions of editors who are deeply involved in the field and author chapters on hot topics such as the sensitivity of liquid crystals to pollutants, UV light, and strain Provides an exclusive on LC sensors where having the data in one place will be very useful to the community Gives more information on sensors and broadens the scope by having a contributed volume rather than authored Combines recent data on advances in the area of liquid crystal sensors that includes many types of liquid crystal materials
Liquid Crystalline Polymers
by Vijay Kumar Thakur Michael R. KesslerThis book introduces various applications of liquid crystalline polymers as the emerging new class of high performance novel materials. The authors detail the advantageous properties of these LCs including optical anisotropic, transparency and easy control over structure. This interdisciplinary work includes valuable input from international projects with special focus on the use of liquid crystalline polymers and/or nanocomposites.
Liquid Crystalline Semiconductors
by Mary O'Neill Richard J. Bushby Stephen M. KellyThis is an exciting stage in the development of organic electronics. It is no longer an area of purely academic interest as increasingly real applications are being developed, some of which are beginning to come on-stream. Areas that have already been commercially developed or which are under intensive development include organic light emitting diodes (for flat panel displays and solid state lighting), organic photovoltaic cells, organic thin film transistors (for smart tags and flat panel displays) and sensors. Within the family of organic electronic materials, liquid crystals are relative newcomers. The first electronically conducting liquid crystals were reported in 1988 but already a substantial literature has developed. The advantage of liquid crystalline semiconductors is that they have the easy processability of amorphous and polymeric semiconductors but they usually have higher charge carrier mobilities. Their mobilities do not reach the levels seen in crystalline organics but they circumvent all of the difficult issues of controlling crystal growth and morphology. Liquid crystals self-organise, they can be aligned by fields and surface forces and, because of their fluid nature, defects in liquid crystal structures readily self-heal. With these matters in mind this is an opportune moment to bring together a volume on the subject of 'Liquid Crystalline Semiconductors'. The field is already too large to cover in a comprehensive manner so the aim has been to bring together contributions from leading researchers which cover the main areas of the chemistry (synthesis and structure/function relationships), physics (charge transport mechanisms and optical properties) and potential applications in photovoltaics, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). This book will provide a useful introduction to the field for those in both industry and academia and it is hoped that it will help to stimulate future developments.
Liquid Crystals
by Carsten TschierskeFluorinated Liquid Crystals: Design of Soft Nanostructures and Increased Complexity of Self-Assembly by Perfluorinated Segments, by Carsten Tschierske Liquid Crystalline Crown Ethers, by Martin Kaller and Sabine Laschat Star-Shaped Mesogens - Hekates: The Most Basic Star Structure with Three Branches, by Matthias Lehmann DNA-Based Soft Phases, by Tommaso Bellini, Roberto Cerbino and Giuliano Zanchetta Polar and Apolar Columnar Phases Made of Bent-Core Mesogens, by N. Vaupotič, D. Pociecha and E. Gorecka Spontaneous Achiral Symmetry Breaking in Liquid Crystalline Phases, by H. Takezoe Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles, by Oana Stamatoiu, Javad Mirzaei, Xiang Feng and Torsten Hegmann Stimuli-Responsive Photoluminescent Liquid Crystals, by Shogo Yamane, Kana Tanabe, Yoshimitsu Sagara and Takashi Kato
Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries: Formed by Polymer And Porous Networks
by Slobodan Žumer Gregory Philip CrawfordFocusing on the applied and basic aspects of confined liquid crystals, this book provides a current treatise of the subject matter and places it in the broader context of electrooptic applications.
Liquid Crystals in Photovoltaics: An Introduction
by Dr. Luz Martinez-MirandaThis book explores why the properties of liquid crystals make them ideal for use in photovoltaic applications. It achieves this by presenting a description of the properties of liquid crystals and how their electronic properties compare to that of polymers used in organic photovoltaics. It explores how the type of liquid crystal chosen can help in improving the efficiency of the photovoltaics. It compares experimental and theoretical ways in which the efficiency is directly or indirectly estimated between the organic photovoltaics and the organic photovoltaics that contain a liquid crystal. It first introduces liquid crystals and their different varieties, before reviewing their electronic transfer properties and how they can improve efficiency. It is an ideal text for graduate students and young researches considering entering the area of photovoltaics - specifically, organic photovoltaics – who do not yet have knowledge of this field. Introduces the field of liquid crystals and provides basic information to those new to the field, in a concise and visual manner Describes which characteristics of a liquid crystal are most advantageous to use in photovoltaics Provides basic knowledge of photovoltaics for those who do not have previous knowledge of how they behave electronically