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Liquid Crystals: New Perspectives (The\liquid Crystals Book Ser.)
by Pawel Pieranski Maria Helena GodinhoThis book on liquid crystals reports on the new perspectives that have been brought about by the recent expansion of frontiers and overhaul of common beliefs.First, it explores the interaction of light with mesophases, when the light or matter is endowed with topological defects. It goes on to show how electrophoresis, electro-osmosis and the swimming of flagellated bacteria are affected by the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals.It also reports on the recent progress in the understanding of thermomechanical and thermohydrodynamical effects in cholesterics and deformed nematics and refutes the common belief that these effects could explain Lehmann’s observations of the rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient. It then studies the physics of the dowser texture, which has remarkable properties. This is of particular interest in regards to nematic monopoles, which can easily be generated, set into motion and collided within it.Finally, this book deals with the spontaneous emergence of chirality in nematics made of achiral molecules, and provides a brief historical context of chirality
Liquid Detergents (Surfactant Science)
by Kuo-Yann LaiA best-seller in its first edition, Liquid Detergents, Second Edition captures the most significant advances since 1996, maintaining its reputation as a first-stop reference in all fundamental theories, practical applications, formulation technologies and manufacturing aspects of liquid detergents. Featuring contributions from 22 award-winning, international experts from industry and academia, the book embraces recent advances in the products and technologies of liquid detergents over the last decade and includes more than 30% new material, 1800 up-to-date references, and 300 figures and tables.
Liquid Ecologies in Latin American and Caribbean Art (Routledge Advances in Art and Visual Studies)
by Liliana Gómez Lisa BlackmoreThis interdisciplinary book brings into dialogue research on how different fluids and bodies of water are mobilised as liquid ecologies in the arts in Latin America and the Caribbean. Examining the visual arts, including multimedia installations, performance, photography and film, the chapters place diverse fluids and systems of flow in art historical, ecocritical and cultural analytical contexts. The book will be of interest to scholars of art history, cultural studies, environmental humanities, blue humanities, ecocriticism, Latin American and Caribbean studies, and island studies.
Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries: Design, Mechanisms, Strategies
by Jianmin MaLiquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries An of-the-moment treatment of liquid electrolytes used in lithium metal batteries Considered by many as the most-promising next-generation batteries, lithium metal batteries have grown in popularity due to their low potential and high capacity. Crucial to the development of this technology, electrolytes can provide efficient electrode electrolyte interfaces, assuring the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy. The quality of electrode electrolyte interphase, in turn, directly governs the performance of batteries. In Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry, provides a comprehensive look at the current understanding and status of research regarding liquid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. Offering an introduction to lithium-based batteries from development history to their working mechanisms, the book further offers a glimpse at modification strategies of anode electrolyte interphases and cathode electrolytic interphases. More, by discussing the high-voltage electrolytes from their solvents—organic solvents and ionic liquids—to electrolyte additives, the text provides a thorough understanding on liquid electrolyte chemistry in the remit of lithium metal batteries. Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries readers will also find: A unique focus that reviews the development of liquid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries State-of-the-art progress and development of electrolytes for lithium metal batteries Consideration of safety, focusing the design principles of flame retardant and non-flammable electrolytes Principles and progress on low temperature and high temperature electrolytes Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries is a useful reference for electrochemists, solid state chemists, inorganic chemists, physical chemists, surface chemists, materials scientists, and the libraries that supply them.
Liquid Explosives
by Jiping LiuThe book drawing on the author's nearly half a century of energetic materials research experience intends to systematically review the global researches on liquid explosives. The book focuses on the study of the conception, explosion mechanism, properties and preparation of liquid explosives. It provides a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical examples in a reader-friendly style. The book is likely to be interest of university researchers and graduate students in the fields of energetic materials, blasting engineering and mining.
Liquid Gold
by Liz HuyckWhat would you give for a bucket of pee? You might be surprised—pee is full of useful stuff! It’s had a lot of uses throughout history. See how people have used urine for important aspects of life— including cleaning your clothes and brushing your teeth!
Liquid Interfaces In Chemical, Biological And Pharmaceutical Applications (Surfactant Science)
by Alexander G. VolkovProvides a comprehensive treatment of surface chemistry and its applications to chemical engineering, biology, and medicine. Focuses on the chmical and physical structure of oil-water interfaces and membrane surfaces. Details interfacial potentials, ion solvation, and electrostatic instabilities in double layers.
Liquid Interfacial Systems: Oscillations and Instability (Surfactant Science)
by Manuel G. Velarde Rudolph V. Birikh Vladimir A. Briskman Jean-Claude LegrosDespite factoring in countless natural, biological, and industrial processes, fixed attention on the singular attributes and behavior of fluids near or at interfaces has not received enough attention in the surface science literature. Liquid Interfacial Systems assembles and analyzes concepts and findings as an inclusive summation of fluid-fluid interfacial phenomena. This book covers excitation, stabilization, and suppression of instability at liquid interfaces. From the influential original research and scholarship of leaders in the discipline comes a volume to impart and explain definitions, scales, governing equations, and boundary conditions used in liquid interfacial system research.
Liquid Marbles: Formation, Characterization, and Applications
by Andrew T. TyowuaCertain small solid particles are surface-active at fluid interfaces and thus are able to stabilize materials previously considered impossible to stabilize in their absence. Liquid marbles, particle-coated non-sticking liquid droplets, represent one of these materials. Preparation of liquid marbles was described only about 15 years ago and they are now widely studied by many research groups and numerous applications of liquid marbles have been advanced. The book is written for postgraduates and researchers working on the area who are training to become chemists, soft matter physicists, materials scientists, and engineers.
Liquid Membranes: Chemical Applications
by Takeo Araki Hiroshi TsukubeThis interesting work extensively describes newer applications of liquid membrane systems which contain molecular and/or ion recognizing carrier compounds and the related characteristic membrane materials. This volume focuses on the current knowledge about chemistry, biology and related technology of liquid membranes. It reviews the most recent advances in design and characteristics of synthetic liquid membrane transport. Additionally, this fascinating reference discusses up-to-date topics in the analytical and separation science, plus biomimetic membrane technology. Because this book is presented in a compact, understandable format, readers can start from biological cell membranes, then net aspects of host-guest chemistry for effective recognition of ions and molecules, followed by its application for artificial sensors-such as neuro-systems, functionalized new detergents, mechanochemical systems, and separation chemistry. This publication is ideal for graduate-level students and will stimulate university and industry researchers.
Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis: Organic Synthesis and Industrial Applications
by Mario G. Clerici Oxana A. KholdeevaSets the stage for environmentally friendly industrial organic syntheses From basic principles to new and emerging industrial applications, this book offers comprehensive coverage of heterogeneous liquid-phase selective oxidation catalysis. It fully examines the synthesis, characterization, and application of catalytic materials for environmentally friendly organic syntheses. Readers will find coverage of all the important classes of catalysts, with an emphasis on their stability and reusability. Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis features contributions from an international team of leading chemists representing both industry and academia. The book begins with a chapter on environmentally benign oxidants and then covers: Selective oxidations catalyzed by TS-1 and other metal-substituted zeolites Selective catalytic oxidation over ordered nanoporous metallo-aluminophosphates Selective oxidations catalyzed by mesoporous metal-silicates Liquid phase oxidation of organic compounds by supported metal-based catalysts Selective liquid phase oxidations in the presence of supported polyoxometalates Selective oxidations catalyzed by supported metal complexes Liquid phase oxidation of organic compounds by metal-organic frameworks Heterogeneous photocatalysis for selective oxidations with molecular oxygen All the chapters dedicated to specific types of catalysts follow a similar organization and structure, making it easy to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts. The final chapter examines the latest industrial applications, such as the production of catechol and hydroquinone, cyclohexanone oxime, and propylene oxide. With its unique focus on liquid phase heterogeneous oxidation catalysis, this book enables researchers in organic synthesis and oxidation catalysis to explore and develop promising new catalytic materials and synthetic routes for a broad range of industrial applications.
Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics
by E. Shashi MenonAvoiding lengthy mathematical discussions, this reference specifically addresses issues affecting the day-to-day practices of those who design, operate, and purchase liquid pipelines in the oil, water, and process industries. Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics supplies an abundance of practical examples and applications for an in-depth understanding of liq
Liquid Radioactive Waste Treatment: LWRT 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #469)
by Yuriy Zabulonov Igor Peer Mark ZheleznyakThis book presents the latest scientific advancements and innovative R&D solutions for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste in the context of practical threats in Ukraine. It includes research and engineering insights from the International Conference “Liquid Radioactive Waste Treatment: Ukrainian Context” (LWRT 2022), which was held in Kyiv, Ukraine on June 30, 2022. This publication covers a wide range of topics related to the treatment and management of radioactive waste, with a particular emphasis on safety considerations. The included articles also explore various aspects of environmental engineering and innovative R&D solutions, as well as the sustainability challenges associated with radioactive waste in the context of postwar reconstruction efforts. The contributions featured in this publication were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process. The carefully curated collection of articles showcases a diverse range of exciting ideas, poised to inspire novel research directions and stimulate interdisciplinary collaborations.
Liquid Radioactive Waste Treatment: LWRT 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #712)
by Yuriy Zabulonov Igor Peer Mark ZheleznyakThis book presents the latest scientific advancements and innovative R&D solutions for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste in the context of practical threats in Ukraine. It includes research and engineering insights from the International Conference &“Liquid Radioactive Waste Treatment: Ukrainian Context&” (LWRT), which was held in Kyiv, Ukraine, on June 29, 2023. This publication covers a wide range of topics related to the treatment and management of radioactive waste, with a particular emphasis on safety considerations. The included articles also explore various aspects of environmental engineering and innovative R&D solutions, as well as the sustainability challenges associated with radioactive waste in the context of postwar reconstruction efforts. The contributions featured in this publication were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process. The carefully curated collection of articles showcases a diverse range of exciting ideas, poised to inspire novel research directions and stimulate interdisciplinary collaborations.
Liquid Rules: The Delightful and Dangerous Substances That Flow Through Our Lives
by Mark MiodownikThe New York Times–bestselling author of Stuff Matters offers an “entertaining discussion of the various ways our lives are enriched by fluids” (The Wall Street Journal).We know that we need water to survive, and that, for some of us, a cup of coffee or a glass of wine can feel just as vital. But do we really understand how much we rely on liquids, or their destructive power?Set on one of the author's transatlantic flights, Liquid Rules offers readers a tour of these formless substances, told through the language of molecules, droplets, heartbeats, and ocean waves. We encounter fluids within the plane—from hand soap to liquid crystal display screens—and without: in the volcanoes of Iceland, the frozen expanse of Greenland, and the marvelous California coastline. We come to see liquids with wonder and fascination, and to understand their potential for death and destruction.Just as in his bestselling, award-winning Stuff Matters, Mark Miodownik’s unique brand of scientific storytelling brings his subject to life in ways that will inform and amuse science buffs and lay readers alike.Once again, [Miodownik] has written a book much like the substances it describes: exciting, anarchic and surprising. Like the sea, it covers a lot of ground. And like a perfectly made cup of tea, it is warm, comforting and very refreshing.” —The Guardian“At a time when technology, science, and public policy are often at odds, Miodownik adds to our understanding of the physical world with humor and sound science.” —Science
Liquid Scintillation Alpha Spectrometry
by W. McDowellAlpha liquid scintillation was developed to obtain accurate analytical determinations of alpha-emitting nuclides where no other methods were sufficiently accurate. With the present emphasis on clean-up of radiation contamination, alpha liquid scintillation has become an important tool in the determination of low concentrations of alpha-emitting nuclides. This book is the first to address the subject of alpha liquid scintillation in its entirety. It also examines how alpha spectrometry by liquid scintillation can be done without interference from beta/gamma radiation. Scientists interested in the analysis of alpha-emitting nuclides for environmental monitoring, remediation clean-up, accountability, and research will find this to be a valuable book.
Liquid Silicone Rubber: Chemistry, Materials, and Processing
by Johannes Karl FinkThe scientific literature with respect to liquid silicone rubbers is collected in this monograph. The text focuses on the fundamental issues such as properties, curing methods, special materials, as well as the latest development and provides a broad overview of the materials used therein. In particular, materials and compositions for liquid functional rubbers are discussed. Also, methods of curing and special properties are described, such as tracking and erosion resistance, adhesion properties, storage and thermal stability. Methods of curing are precision casting, hybrid additive manufacturing, peroxide curing, ultraviolet curing, liquid injection molding, or hot embossing. The book includes applications including automotive and underwater applications, electrical and optical uses, as well as medical uses.
Liquid Spray from Nozzles: Experimental and Computer Simulation of Hydrodynamics and Interphase Heat and Mass Transfer (Innovation and Discovery in Russian Science and Engineering)
by Nikolay N. SimakovThis book advances a new view of phenomena associated with the spray of liquids from a nozzle in a gas. New results of experimental studies and numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics of an emerging two-phase flow and accompanying interphase heat and mass transfer therein are presented. The book is ideal for specialists who develop and use technologies involving the spraying of liquids in a gas, such as burning and pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbons, granulation and drying of polymers, and dust and gas scrubbing.
Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces
by Peter S. Pershan Mark L. SchlossmanThe availability of synchrotron x-ray sources and the subsequent developments described in this book have led to substantial progress in our understanding of molecular ordering at liquid interfaces. This practical guide enables graduate students and researchers working in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science to understand and carry out experimental investigations into the basic physical and chemical properties of liquid surfaces and interfaces. The book examines the surfaces of bulk liquids, thin wetting films and buried liquid-liquid interfaces. It discusses experiments on simple and complex fluids, including pure water and organic liquids, liquid crystals, liquid metals, electrified liquid-liquid interfaces and interfacial monolayers of amphiphiles, nanoparticles, polymers and biomolecules. A detailed description of the apparatus and techniques required for these experiments is provided, and theoretical approaches to data analysis are described, including approximate methods such as the Master formula, the Born approximation, Parratt's algorithm and the Distorted Wave Approximation.
Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass: Technological Status, Costs, and Environmental Impacts
by National Academy of Science National Academy of Enegineering National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe transportation sector cannot continue on its current path: The volatility of oil prices threatens the U.S. economy, the large proportion of oil importation threatens U.S. energy security, and the massive contribution of greenhouse gases threatens the environment. The development of domestic sources of alternative transportation fuels with lower greenhouse emissions is now a national imperative. Coal and biomass are in abundant supply in the United States and can be converted to liquid fuels that can be combusted in existing and future vehicles. Their abundant supply makes them attractive candidates to provide non-oil-based liquid fuels to the U.S. transportation system. However, there are important questions about the economic viability, carbon impact, and technology status of these options. Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass provides a snapshot of the potential costs of liquid fuels from biomass by biochemical conversion and from biomass and coal by thermochemical conversion. Policy makers, investors, leaders in industry, the transportation sector, and others with a concern for the environment, economy, and energy security will look to this book as a roadmap to independence from foreign oil. With immediate action and sustained effort, alternative liquid fuels can be available in the 2020 time frame, if or when the nation needs them.
Liquid Vapor Phase Change Phenomena: An Introduction to the Thermophysics of Vaporization and Condensation Processes in Heat Transfer Equipment, Second Edition
by Van P. CareyLiquid-Vapor Phase-Change Phenomena presents the basic thermophysics and transport principles that underlie the mechanisms of condensation and vaporization processes. The text has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent innovations in research and to strengthen the fundamental focus of the first edition. Starting with an integrated presentation of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics and interfacial phenomena associated with vaporization and condensation, coverage follows of the heat transfer and fluid flow mechanisms in such processes. The second edition includes significant new material on the nanoscale and microscale thermophysics of boiling and condensation phenomena and the use of advanced computational tools to create new models of phase-change events. The importance of basic phenomena to a wide variety of applications is emphasized and illustrated throughout using examples and problems. Suitable for senior undergraduate and first-year graduate students in mechanical or chemical engineering, the book can also be a helpful reference for practicing engineers or scientists studying the fundamental physics of nucleation, boiling and condensation.
Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials for Water Pollutants Remediation
by Uma ShankerNanoscience technology is playing a vital role in multidisciplinary research due to its unique characteristics at nanoscale as compared to bulk materials. In view of such excellent properties, like high surface area, semiconducting nature, and non-toxicity, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising means to curb pollution. Liquid and crystal nanomaterials aim for products and processes that are ecofriendly, economically sustainable, safe, and energy-efficient. One of the most popular fields widely adopted is photocatalysis of nanomaterials that involves photo-conduction in efficient removal/degradation of noxious pollutants. This book focuses on generation of liquid and crystal nanomaterials for environmental remediation.
Liquid and Vapour Flows in Porous Bodies: Surface Phenomena (Topics In Chemical Engineering Ser. #Vol. 13)
by N.V. ChuraevAdopts a completely original approach to the study of processes of mass transfer. In contrast to the usual approach, based on the concept of continuum media and the theory of heat and mass transfer, the topic is considered from a new viewpoint, taking into account the heterogeneous dispersal state of porous bodies. The author bases his discussion on the theory of surface forces and microhydrodynamic analysis of the processes of mass transport of gases, liquids and vapors, providing the reader with a systematic account of liquid/solid and gas/solid interfaces. Topics treated in this book include structural peculiarities, equilibrium and properties of liquids in porous bodies. Various mechanisms of mass transfer are considered, including liquid flow in pores and films, gas diffusion, combined transfer of liquid and vapor, convective diffusion in solutions, structure formation, capillary phenomena, and wetting. This unique book provides a wealth of information from the former Soviet Union, which will be of great interest to chemists, physicists and materials scientists, as well as industrialists working with a variety of different products in which disperse systems and porous bodies are important.
Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials
by Nikolai K. Myshkin Sergey F. ErmakovThis book discusses the tribological, rheological and optical properties of liquid-crystal nanomaterials as well as lubricant media. It also describes the formation of liquid-crystal materials and the application of cholesteric liquid-crystal compounds in technical friction units and in human and animal joints. Further, it shows the connection between the tribological and other physical properties of liquid-crystal cholesterol compounds and develops a lubricity conceptual model of cholesteric–nematic, liquid-crystalline nanostructures on the basis of physical and energetic interpretations. This general model is valid for all surfaces and friction pairs, including biopolymers, and could lead to applications of cholesteric liquid-crystalline nanomaterials in different friction units and tribosystems as well as in the treatment of joint diseases.
Liquid-Liquid InterfacesTheory and Methods
by Alexander G. Volkov David W. DeamerUpdate your knowledge of the chemical, biological, and physical properties of liquid-liquid interfaces with Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: Theory and Methods. This valuable reference presents a broadly based account of current research in liquid-liquid interfaces and is ideal for researchers, teachers, and students. Internationally recognized investigators of electrochemical, biological, and photochemical effects in interfacial phenomena share their own research results and extensively review the results of others working in their area. Because of its unusually wide breadth, this book has something for everyone interested in liquid-liquid interfaces. Topics include interfacial and phase transfer catalysis, electrochemistry and colloidal chemistry, ion and electron transport processes, molecular dynamics, electroanalysis, liquid membranes, emulsions, pharmacology, and artificial photosynthesis. Enlightening discussions explore biotechnological applications, such as drug delivery, separation and purification of nuclear waste, catalysis, mineral extraction processes, and the manufacturing of biosensors and ion-selective electrodes.Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: Theory and Methods is a well-written, informative, one-stop resource that will save you time and energy in your search for the latest information on liquid-liquid interfaces.