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Metal Organic Framework (MOFs): Catalytic Degradation of Pollutants
by Pawan Kumar Naresh Kumar Deepak Kumar AnejaThis book presents the fundamental chemistry, synthesis, and classification of Metal Organic Framework (MOFs) for/in catalysis applications. As an introduction, the role of theoretical catalytic degradation studies on MOFs is also covered. The book includes all types of pollutants, i.e., pesticides, plastics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs), nitroaromatic compounds, and emerging pollutants degradation studies using MOFs. Finally, the book discusses the challenges and future prospective for catalytic degradation using MOFs. In the last decades, significant attention has been drawn on catalysis applications of Metal Organic Framework (MOFs). It is due to the structural characteristics, i.e., coordination vacancies available in the metal nodes, organocatalytic site of organic linkers, and ligand to metal charge transfer features, etc., of MOFs. Furthermore, some excellent features including presence of pendent groups, functionalization/bio conjugation possibility, optoelectronic properties as hosts, and additional catalytic sites possibility via post-synthetic modification of MOFs have made them potential materials for real-world application.
Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal
by Arun Lal Srivastav Lata Rani Jyotsna Kaushal Tien Duc PhamMetal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal Discover a groundbreaking new wastewater decontamination technology The removal of wastewater contaminants is a key aspect of the water cycle, allowing water to be fed safely back into circulation within a given ecosystem. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous materials which can reversibly bind and sequester both metal ions and potentially harmful organic substances, giving them a potentially crucial role in the targeted removal of wastewater contaminants. They may also enable significant cost and energy savings over now-conventional ion exchangers in water treatment plants. Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal provides an accessible, practical guide to the development, evaluation, and potential applications of MOFs in maintaining the water cycle. It begins with an overview of the major metallic and non-metallic contaminants found in wastewater and their interactions with major MOF-based materials, before moving to the challenges and opportunities provided by MOFs in the pursuit of a sustainable, energy-efficient water cycle. The result is a groundbreaking resource in the ever-expanding global fight to keep water clean and safe. Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal readers will also find: MOF technology and its water treatment applications discussed in depth for the first time in a major publication Comparison with existing decontamination technologies and environmental risk assessment Applications for environmental as well as industrial toxicants based on recent research and on case studies Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal is indispensable for water chemists, chemical engineers, environmental chemists, and for any researchers or industry professionals working with water decontamination technologies.
Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Chemical Sensors
by Sanjay Mathur Michael A. Carpenter Andrei KolmakovThis book presents a state-of-the-art summary and critical analysis of work recently performed in leading research laboratories around the world on the implementation of metal oxide nanomaterial research methodologies for the discovery and optimization of new sensor materials and sensing systems. The book provides a detailed description and analysis of (i) metal oxide nanomaterial sensing principles, (ii) advances in metal oxide nanomaterial synthesis/deposition methods, including colloidal, emulsification, and vapor processing techniques, (iii) analysis of techniques utilized for the development of low temperature metal oxide nanomaterial sensors, thus enabling a broader impact into sensor applications, (iv) advances, challenges and insights gained from the in situ/ex situ analysis of reaction mechanisms, and (v) technical development and integration challenges in the fabrication of sensing arrays and devices.
Metal Oxide Nanostructures as Gas Sensing Devices (ISSN)
by G. ErannaMetal Oxide Nanostructures as Gas Sensing Devices explores the development of an integrated micro gas sensor that is based on advanced metal oxide nanostructures and is compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication technology. This sensor can then be used to create a compact, low-power, handheld device for analyzing air ambience.The book first c
Metal Oxide Semiconductors: Synthesis, Properties, and Devices
by Yong Zhou Zhigang Zang Wensi CaiMetal Oxide Semiconductors Up-to-date resource highlighting highlights emerging applications of metal oxide semiconductors in various areas and current challenges and directions in commercialization Metal Oxide Semiconductors provides a current understanding of oxide semiconductors, covering fundamentals, synthesizing methods, and applications in diodes, thin-film transistors, gas sensors, solar cells, and more. The text presents state-of-the-art information along with fundamental prerequisites for understanding and discusses the current challenges in pursuing commercialization and future directions of this field. Despite rapid advancements in the materials science and device physics of oxide semiconductors over the past decade, the understanding of science and technology in this field remains incomplete due to its relatively short research history; this book aims to bridge the gap between the rapidly advancing research progress in this field and the demand for relevant materials and devices by researchers, engineers, and students. Written by three highly qualified authors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors discusses sample topics such as: Fabrication techniques and principles, covering vacuum-based methods, including sputtering, atomic layer deposition and evaporation, and solution-based methods Fundamentals, progresses, and potentials of p–n heterojunction diodes, Schottky diodes, metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes, and self-switching diodes Applications in thin-film transistors, detailing the current progresses and challenges towards commercialization for n-type TFTs, p-type TFTs, and circuits Detailed discussions on the working mechanisms and representative devices of oxide-based gas sensors, pressure sensors, and PH sensors Applications in optoelectronics, both in solar cells and ultraviolet photodetectors, covering their parameters, materials, and performance Memory applications, including resistive random-access memory, transistor-structured memory devices, transistor-structured artificial synapse, and optical memory transistors A comprehensive monograph covering all aspects of oxide semiconductors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors is an essential resource for materials scientists, electronics engineers, semiconductor physicists, and professionals in the semiconductor and sensor industries who wish to understand all modern developments that have been made in the field.
Metal Oxides/Chalcogenides and Composites: Emerging Materials for Electrochemical Water Splitting (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by Satyajit Ratha Aneeya Kumar SamantaraThis book covers the recent development of metal oxides, hydroxides and their carbon composites for electrochemical oxidation of water in the production of hydrogen and oxygen as fuels. It includes a detailed discussion on synthesis methodologies for the metal oxides/hydroxides, structural/morphological characterizations, and the key parameters (Tafel plot, Turnover frequency, Faradic efficiency, overpotential, long cycle life etc.) needed to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of the materials. Additionally, the mechanism behind the electro oxidation process is presented. Readers will find a comprehensive source on the close correlation between metal oxides, hydroxides, composites, and their properties and importance in the generation of hydrogen and oxygen from water.The depletion of fossil fuels from the earth’s crust, and related environmental issues such as climate change, demand that we search for alternative energy resources to achieve some form of sustainable future. In this regard, much scientific research has been devoted to technologies such as solar cells, wind turbines, fuel cells etc. Among them fuel cells attract much attention because of their versatility and efficiency. In fuel cells, different fuels such as hydrogen, CO2, alcohols, acids, methane, oxygen/air, etc. are used as the fuel, and catalysts are employed to produce a chemical reaction for generating electricity. Hence, it is very important to produce these fuels in an efficient, eco-friendly, and cost effective manner. The electrochemical splitting of water is an environmentally friendly process to produce hydrogen (the greener fuel used in fuel cells), but the efficiencies of these hydrogen evolution reactions (cathodic half reaction) are strongly dependent on the anodic half reaction (oxygen evolution reaction), i.e., the better the anodic half, the better will be the cathodic reaction. Further, this oxygen evolution reaction depends on the types of active electrocatalysts used. Though many more synthetic approaches have been explored and different electrocatalysts developed, oxide and hydroxide-based nanomaterials and composites (with graphene, carbon nanotubes etc.) show better performance. This may be due to the availability of more catalytic surface area and electro active centers to carry out the catalysis process.
Metal Oxides: Chemistry and Applications
by J. L. G. FierroThe chemistry of metals has traditionally been more understood than that of its oxides. As catalytic applications continue to grow in a variety of disciplines, Metal Oxides: Chemistry and Applications offers a timely account of transition-metal oxides (TMO), one of the most important classes of metal oxides, in the context of catalysis. The
Metal Phosphates and Phosphonates: Fundamental to Advanced Emerging Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Ram K. GuptaThis book provides fundamental electrochemical behavior and understanding of devices based on Metal Phosphates and Phosphonates. The basic concepts, properties and emerging applications of these materials as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, sensors, biomedical and environmental are covered. Apart from conventional techniques, this book explores new aspects of synthesizing Metal Phosphates and Phosphonates.
Metal Recovery from Electronic Waste: Biological Versus Chemical Leaching For Recovery Of Copper And Gold (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Arda IşildarWaste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generation is a global problem. Despite the growing awareness and deterring legislation, most of the WEEE is disposed improperly, i.e. landfilled or otherwise shipped overseas, and treated in sub-standard conditions. Informal recycling of WEEE has catastrophic effects on humans and the environment. WEEE contains considerable quantities of valuable metals such as base metals, precious metals and rare earth elements (REE). Metal recovery from WEEE is conventionally carried out by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods. <P><P>In this PhD research, novel metal recovery technologies from WEEE are investigated. Using acidophilic and cyanide-generating bacteria, copper and gold were removed from crushed electronic waste with removal efficiencies of 98.4 and 44.0%, respectively. The leached metals in solution were recovered using sulfidic precipitation and electrowinning separation techniques. Finally, a techno-economic assessment of the technology was studied. This research addresses the knowledge gap on two metal extraction approaches, namely chemical and biological, from a secondary source of metals. The essential parameters of the selective metal recovery processes, scale-up potential, techno-economic and sustainability assessment have been studied.
Metal Response in Cupriavidus metallidurans
by Max Mergeay Guy Vandenbussche Rob HoudtThis book is the second volume of a two-volume set summarizing 40 years of key research findings directly related to metal-resistant Cupriavidus/Ralstonia (Betaproteobacteria). In this second volume, the structural and catalytic data from bacterial primary and secondary transporters (P-ATPases, tripartite chemiosmotic cation/proton efflux systems, cation diffusion facilitators, Major Facilitator Superfamily and some minor categories) are outlined and detailed for the corresponding C. metallidurans proteins. The available three-dimensional structures are reviewed in detail, including RND and membrane fusion proteins (from tripartite chemiosmotic cation/proton efflux systems), sigma and anti-sigma regulatory proteins of the cnr efflux system (resistance to cobalt and nickel) and various periplasmic proteins mainly involved in the response to copper and mercury. In addition, the first volume sketches the historical and geographical context of these bacteria, which are mostly found in industrial and polluted environments linked to zinc and other non-ferrous metallurgy, to illustrate the interactions between bacteria and human activities and the possible evolutionary consequences on bacterial genomes especially as far as the association of metal resistance genes with mobile genetic elements is concerned. It provides a detailed description of the response and underlying genetic determinants of type strain Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 to a variety of metals. With high level resistance to cadmium, chromate, cobalt, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc mediated by well-known genes for detoxification carried by its megaplasmids pMOL28 and pMOL30. This description is complemented with the genomic context of the metal response genes in C. metallidurans CH34 with a focus on its mobilome including insertion sequence elements, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements and genomic islands.
Metal Response in Cupriavidus metallidurans
by Max Mergeay Rob Van HoudtThis book is the first volume of a two-volume set summarizing 40 years of key research findings directly related to metal-resistant Cupriavidus/Ralstonia (Betaproteobacteria). In this first volume, the historical and geographical context of these bacteria, which are mostly found in industrial and polluted environments linked to zinc and other non-ferrous metallurgy, is sketched to illustrate the interactions between bacteria and human activities and the possible evolutionary consequences on bacterial genomes especially as far as the association of metal resistance genes with mobile genetic elements is concerned. A detailed description of the response and underlying genetic determinants of type strain Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 to a variety of metals is provided. With high level resistance to cadmium, chromate, cobalt, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc mediated by well-known genes for detoxification carried by its megaplasmids pMOL28 and pMOL30. This description is complemented with the genomic context of the metal response genes in C. metallidurans CH34 with a focus on its mobilome including insertion sequence elements, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements and genomic islands. In addition, in the second volume, structural and catalytic data from bacterial primary and secondary transporters (P-ATPases, tripartite chemiosmotic cation/proton efflux systems, cation diffusion facilitators, Major Facilitator Superfamily and some minor categories) are outlined and detailed for the corresponding C. metallidurans proteins. The available three-dimensional structures of C. metallidurans proteins are reviewed in detail, including RND and membrane fusion proteins (from tripartite chemiosmotic cation/proton efflux systems), sigma and anti-sigma regulatory proteins of the cnr efflux system (resistance to cobalt and nickel) and various periplasmic proteins mainly involved in the response to copper and mercury.
Metal Soaps in Art: Conservation and Research (Cultural Heritage Science)
by Francesca Casadio Katrien Keune Petria Noble Annelies Van Loon Ella Hendriks Silvia A. Centeno Gillian OsmondThis go-to reference work surveys the current state of knowledge in the field of metal soap-related degradation phenomena in art works. It contains detailed descriptions and images of the different phenomena and addresses the practical aspects of soap formation, preventive conservation, and treatment.The occurrence of metal soaps is one of the defining issues in the conservation of painted surfaces, and one that presently leaves innumerable open questions. It is estimated that around 70% of paintings in museum collections are affected by some form of metal soap-related degradation. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the detection and characterization of these compounds through interdisciplinary approaches including conventional spectroscopy and microscopy as well as emerging synchrotron-based techniques. This book for the first time captures a panoramic overview of the state of knowledge of metal soaps related to both scientific analysis and implications for conservation and treatment. It also critically examines open questions. The book is accessible to audiences with varied backgrounds (e.g. conservators, students of conservation science) while simultaneously presenting the technical details indispensable for academics and researchers active in this field.
Metal Sustainability: Global Challenges, Consequences, and Prospects
by Reed M. IzattThe sustainable use of natural resources is an important global challenge, and improved metal sustainability is a crucial goal for the 21st century in order to conserve the supply of critical metals and mitigate the environmental and health issues resulting from unrecovered metals. Metal Sustainability: Global Challenges, Consequences and Prospects discusses important topics and challenges associated with sustainability in metal life cycles, from mining ore to beneficiation processes, to product manufacture, to recovery from end-of-life materials, to environmental and health concerns resulting from generated waste. The broad perspective presented highlights the global interdependence of the many stages of metal life cycles. Economic issues are emphasized and relevant environmental, health, political, industrial and societal issues are discussed. The importance of applying green chemistry principles to metal sustainability is emphasized. Topics covered include:* Recycling and sustainable utilization of precious and specialty metals* Formal and informal recycling from electronic and other high-tech wastes* Global management of electronic wastes* Metal reuse and recycling in developing countries* Effects of toxic and other metal releases on the environment and human health* Effect on bacteria of toxic metal release * Selective recovery of platinum group metals and rare earth metals* Metal sustainability from a manufacturing perspective* Economic perspectives on sustainability, mineral development, and metal life cycles* Closing the Loop - Minerals Industry Issues The aim of this book is to improve awareness of the increasingly important role metals play in our high-tech society, the need to conserve our metal supply throughout the metal life cycle, the importance of improved metal recycling, and the effects that unhindered metal loss can have on the environment and on human health.
Metal Toxicity in Plants: Perception, Signaling and Remediation
by Dharmendra K. Gupta Luisa M. SandalioHeavy metal accumulation in soil and water from natural sources or anthropogenic activities have produced severe environmental contamination in some parts of the world due to the persistence of metals in the environment by their accumulation throughout the food chain. The purpose of this book is to present the most recent advances in this field, mainly concerning the uptake and translocation of heavy metals in plants, mechanisms of toxicity, perception of metal and regulation of cell response under metal stress. Another key feature of this book is related to the studies on signaling and remediation processes in recent years, which have taken advantage of recent technological advances including "omic" approaches. In recent years transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies have become very important tools for analyzing both the dynamics of changes in gene expression and the profiles of protein and metabolites under heavy metal stress. This information is also very useful for plotting the complex signaling and metabolic network induced by heavy metals, in which hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play an important role. Understanding the mechanism involved in sequestration and hyperaccumulation is very important to developing new strategies of phytoremediation, which are reviewed in several chapters of this book. The information included yields very stimulating insights into the mechanism involved in the regulation of plant responses to heavy metals, which in turn improve our knowledge of cell regulation under metal stress and the use of plants for phytoremediation.
Metal Toxicology Handbook
by Debasis Bagchi and Manashi BagchiHeavy metals and metalloids, singly or in combination, induce toxic manifestations either through acute or chronic pathology. In particular, long-term chronic exposure to diverse heavy metals and metalloids to humans and animals can lead to numerous physical, muscular, neurological, nephrological, and diverse degenerative diseases and dysfunctions, including multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and several others. Recognized heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, thallium, and hexavalent chromium are known for enormous toxicity. The immediate vital signs of acute heavy metal exposure include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and acute abdominal pain. Mercury has been identified as the most toxic heavy metal, and mercury poisoning is known as acrodynia or pink disease. Similarly, lead, another toxic heavy metal, was at one time an integral part of painting. Metal Toxicology Handbook further explains and discusses the varying attributes of metals, discussing toxicity, safety, and proper human utilization of metals. Beginning with a broad overview of metals, metalloids, redox biology, and neurodegeneration and going further into the roles, benefits, and toxicity of metals with each section, the text contains 28 chapters from eminent researchers and scientists in their respective fields and is a must-have for anyone researching the potential toxicity in metals. Key Features Discusses the pathology of metal toxicity Highlights the benefits of metals Explains the mechanism and salient features of restoring metabolic homeostasis Highlights dose-dependent beneficial and adverse effects of vanadium safety and toxicity The initial introductory section provides a broad overview of metals, metalloids, redox biology, and neurodegeneration. The second section discusses the pathology of metal toxicity in two chapters, while the third section highlights the mechanism and salient features of restoring metabolic homeostasis in two chapters. The fourth section demonstrates the aspect of radionuclides toxicity. In a change of pace, the fifth section discusses the benefits of metals in four chapters. The sixth section, titled "Toxic Manifestations by Diverse Heavy Metals and Metalloids," provides fourteen chapters that discuss the toxicological mechanism and manifestation of individual metals. The editors have crafted a commentary titled "A Treatise on Metal Toxicity" and summarized a vivid scenario of metal toxicity and its consequences.
Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental Analysis
by M. Prema Rani R. SaravananCharge density analysis of materials provides a firm basis for the evaluation of the properties of materials. The design and engineering of a new combination of metals requires a firm knowledge of intermolecular features. Recent advances in technology and high-speed computation have made the crystal X-ray diffraction technique a unique tool for the determination of charge density distribution in molecular crystal. Methods have been developed to make experimental probes capable of unraveling the features of charge densities in the intra- and inter-molecular regions of crystal structures. In Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental Analysis, the structural details of materials are elucidated with the X-ray diffraction technique. Analyses of the charge density and the local and average structure are given to reveal the structural properties of technologically important materials. Readers will gain a new understanding of the local and average structure of existing materials. The electron density, bonding, and charge transfer studies in Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental Analysis contain useful information for researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, and metallurgy. The properties described in these studies can contribute to the successful engineering of these technologically important materials.
Metal and Bone Drilling - The Thermal Aspects
by Rui Li Albert J. Shih Bruce L. TaiThis book introduces state-of-the-art experimental and numerical methods and examples for evaluating the drilling performance of engineering and biological materials, particularly in thermal aspects. The authors use a common pathway to present the technological and analytical methods for both industry (metal) drilling and orthopaedic surgery (bone) drilling research, making this book a resource for both industrial and clinical readers who wish to understand the evolution of technologies, techniques and challenges in drilling. The authors also focus on advanced engineering materials, such as titanium alloys and high-strength cast irons, which have broad applications in the automotive, aerospace, medical device and sports industries. This book is a must-read for a broad audience, including engineering students in upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses that involve machining processes; for surgery residents, fellows, and practicing surgeons; and for engineers in the medical device industry who develop new bone cutting tools.Bridges the knowledge on drilling from the manufacturing industry to healthcare;Covers the experimental and modeling aspects of drilling thermal analysis;Includes experimental studies that contain parameters and data that emulate practical production and clinical drilling.
Metal and Ceramic Biomaterials: Volume I: Structure
by DucheyneThe understanding of the in vivo performance of synthetic materials is largely dependent upon a profound knowledge of the properties of the materials in question. Analogous to materials science in its broadest sense, the basis for biomaterials science is formed by microstructural there. It is therefore, that in this series on structure property relationships in biomaterials a substantial part is devoted to the analysis of the basic properties of the various synthetic biomaterials. In addition, the effect of microstructural aspects on properties is considered at great length.
Metal and Ceramic Biomaterials: Volume II: Strength and Surface
by DucheyneThe understanding of the in vivo performance of synthetic materials is largely dependent upon a profound knowledge of the properties of the materials in question. Analogous to materials science in its broadest sense, the basis for biomaterials science is formed by microstructural there. It is therefore, that in this series on structure property relationships in biomaterials a substantial part is devoted to the analysis of the basic properties of the various synthetic biomaterials. In addition, the effect of microstructural aspects on properties is considered at great length.
Metal and Ceramic Matrix Composites (Series in Materials Science and Engineering)
by Brian Cantor Fionn Dunne Ian StoneWith contributions from leading experts in their respective fields, Metal and Ceramic Matrix Composites provides a comprehensive overview of topics on specific materials and trends. It is a subject regularly included as a final year option in materials science courses and is also of much industrial and academic interest. The book begins wit
Metal and Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Agricultural, Biomedical and Environmental Interventions (Smart Nanomaterials Technology)
by Azamal Husen Rakesh Kumar Bachheti Archana BachhetiThe book in hand, namely “Metal and Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials (Synthesis, Agricultural, Biomedical and Environmental Interventions”, focuses on the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and diverse interventions utilizing these nanomaterials in the fields of agriculture, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. The specific applications discussed include food packaging, post-harvest disease management, crop production, drug delivery systems, other biomedical applications, photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants, and wastewater treatment. Additionally, it also addresses the potential risks associated with zinc nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems and emphasizes the importance of further research and regulation in this field. Overall, the book provides valuable insights and serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and scientists across various interdisciplinary subjects. It serves as a valuable resource for scientists, researchers, and students in nanotechnology, nanomedicine, environmental science, plant science, agriculture, chemistry, biotechnology, pharmacognosy, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemistry, and other interdisciplinary subjects. Moreover, this also inspires further research, innovation, and the development of sustainable solutions for a better future.
Metal, Metal Oxides and Metal Sulphides for Biomedical Applications (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #58)
by Eric Lichtfouse Mu. Naushad Saravanan Rajendran D. DurgalakshmiThis book presents recent advances in inorganic nanomaterials for healthcare, with focus on the synthesis, medical applications and toxicity of metals, metal oxides and metal sulfides. Major applications include diagnosis, bioimaging, biosensing, healing and therapy in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, dentistry and antimicrobials.
Metal, Metal-Oxides and Metal Sulfides for Batteries, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, Photocatalysis and Health Sensors (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #62)
by Eric Lichtfouse Saravanan Rajendran Jiaqian Qin Hassan Karimi-MalehThis book summarizes recent findings on the use of new nanostructured materials for biofuels, batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, supercapacitors and health biosensors. Chapters describe principles and how to choose a nanomaterial for specific applications in energy, environment and medicine.
Metal, Metal-Oxides and Metal-Organic Frameworks for Environmental Remediation (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #64)
by Eric Lichtfouse Mu. Naushad Saravanan Rajendran Lorena Cornejo PonceThis book reviews principles, techniques and applications of metal, metal oxides, metal sulfides and metal-organic frameworks for removal and degradation of pollutants. Natural materials are often much more advanced than synthetic materials in terms of circularity and are functional, often biodegradable, recyclable and generate little waste. They are, therefore, a source of inspiration for new synthetic materials. In particular, recent research has focused on various types of functional materials such as organic, inorganic, nanostructured and composites for the remediation of environmental pollution.
Metal-Air Batteries: Principles, Progress, and Perspectives
by Ram K. GuptaMetal-Air Batteries: Principles, Progress, and Perspectives covers the entire spectrum of metal-air batteries, their working principles, recent advancement, and future perspectives. Leading international researchers address materials design, electrochemistry, and architectural aspects. The fundamentals of metal-air materials for cathode and anode, their synthetic approaches, chemistries to modify their properties to provide high energy and power densities, along with long life and stable electrochemical characteristics are detailed. Key Features: Covers materials, chemistry, and technologies for metal-air batteries. Reviews state-of-the-art progress and challenges in metal-air batteries Provides fundamentals of the electrochemical behavior of various metal-air batteries. Offers insight into tuning the properties of materials to make them suitable for metal-air batteries. Provides new direction and a better understanding to scientists, researchers, and students working in diverse fields. This is a unique offering and a valuable resource for a wide range of readers including those in academia and industries worldwide.