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Microbial Ecology
by Allen I. LaskinThe essays that comprise this anthology of the best in ecology from Critical Reviews in Microbiology describe principles and practices in considerable detail. There is no attempt, however at a balanced presentation of the different groups of microorganisms or their activities. Likewise, some areas of current concern are considered cursorily and others not at all. Nevertheless, the book is an interesting and informative introduction to a growing endeavour. The combined experience and insight of the contributing authors will surely aid the reader to develop an ecological attitude, and to better appreciate microorganisms as determinants of environmental quality.
Microbial Ecology
by Diana E. Northup Larry L. BartonThis book covers the ecological activities of microbes in the biosphere with an emphasis on microbial interactions within their environments and communitiesIn thirteen concise and timely chapters, Microbial Ecology presents a broad overview of this rapidly growing field, explaining the basic principles in an easy-to-follow manner. Using an integrative approach, it comprehensively covers traditional issues in ecology as well as cutting-edge content at the intersection of ecology, microbiology, environmental science and engineering, and molecular biology.Examining the microbial characteristics that enable microbes to grow in different environments, the book provides insights into relevant methodologies for characterization of microorganisms in the environment. The authors draw upon their extensive experience in teaching microbiology to address the latest hot-button topics in the field, such as:Ecology of microorganisms in natural and engineered environmentsAdvances in molecular-based understanding of microbial phylogeny and interactionsMicrobially driven biogeochemical processes and interactions among microbial populations and communitiesMicrobial activities in extreme or unusual environmentsEcological studies pertaining to animal, plant, and insect microbiologyMicrobial processes and interactions associated with environmental pollutionDesigned for use in teaching, Microbial Ecology offers numerous special features to aid both students and instructors, including:Information boxes that highlight key microbial ecology issues"Microbial Spotlights" that focus on how prominent microbial ecologists became interested in microbial ecologyExamples that illustrate the role of bacterial interaction with humansExercises to promote critical thinkingSelected reading listsChapter summaries and review questions for class discussionVarious microbial interactions and community structures are presented through examples and illustrations. Also included are mini case studies that address activities of microorganisms in specific environments, as well as a glossary and key words. All these features make this an ideal textbook for graduate or upper-level undergraduate students in biology, microbiology, ecology, or environmental science. It also serves as a highly useful reference for scientists and environmental professionals.PowerPoint slides of figures from the book are available for download at: ftp://ftp.wiley.com/public/sci_tech_med/microbial_ecology
Microbial Ecology in Sustainable Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology)
by David C. Coleman Diana H. Wall Tanya E. CheekeWhile soil ecologists continue to be on the forefront of research on biodiversity and ecosystem function, there are few interdisciplinary studies that incorporate ecological knowledge into sustainable land management practices. Conventional, high fossil-fuel input-based agricultural systems can reduce soil biodiversity, alter soil community structu
Microbial Ecology of Aerial Plant Surfaces
by M. J. Bailey A. K. Lilley T. M. Timms-Wilson P. T. N. Spencer-PhillipsAll aerial plant surfaces, including leaves, stems and flowers are inhabited by diverse assemblages of microorganisms, including filamentous fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and bacteriophages. These organisms have profound effects on plant health and thus impact on ecosystem and agricultural functions. This book is based on proceedings from the 8th International Symposium on the mircobiology of aerial plant surfaces, held in Oxford University in 2005. This is a five yearly conference which brings together international scientists and provides a unique opportunity to discuss developments in this field.
Microbial Ecology of Extreme Environments
by Caroline Chénard Federico M. LauroThis book explores microbial lifestyles, biochemical adaptations, and trophic interactions occurring in extreme environments. By summarizing the latest findings in the field it provides a valuable reference for future studies. Spark ideas for biotechnological and commercial exploitation of microbiomes at the extremes of life are presented. Chapters on viruses complement this highly informative book. In a vertical journey through the microbial biosphere it covers aspects of cold environments, hot environments, extreme saline environments, and extreme pressure environments, and more. From the deep sea, through polar deserts, up to the clouds in the air - the diversity of microbial life in all habitats is described, explored, and comprehensively reviewed. Possible biotechnical applications are discussed. This book aims to provide a useful reference for those who want to start a research program in extreme microbiology and, hopefully, inspire new research directions.
Microbial Ecology of the Oceans
by David L. Kirchman"I would strongly recommend it for library purchase and the reading list of advanced students in this field."--Microbiology Today, May 2009Nearly a decade since its landmark publication, this book has been thoroughly revised in this valuable new editionLike the successful first edition, Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, Second Edition is unique and fills a void in the rapidly growing fields of marine microbiology, microbial ecology, and microbial oceanography. Here, a carefully selected team of international experts explores issues of enduring importance to microbial ecologists, including:Genomes and metagenomes of marine microbesMicrobial evolution, as revealed by molecular techniquesMicrobes in carbon budgets and cyclesViruses and grazers of bacteriaMicrobes and N cycle reactions in sedimentsThe role of microbes in food web dynamicsBiogeochemical cycles in the oceanIn addition to drawing on the long history of microbiology, the contributors also include discussions of the latest advances in biological and chemical oceanography to examine the role of microbes and viruses in the oceans.Richly illustrated with black-and-white photographs and drawings, and complemented with a comprehensive list of additional reading for each chapter, this important new edition provides readers with current information in the fields of marine microbiology and microbial ecology. It is designed for students and researchers in biological and chemical oceanography, geochemistry, marine chemistry, freshwater ecology, and general microbiology. It is also appropriate for professionals and advanced students in related fields.
Microbial Ecology of the Oceans
by David L. Kirchman Josep M. GasolThe newly revised and updated third edition of the bestselling book on microbial ecology in the oceans The third edition of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans features new topics, as well as different approaches to subjects dealt with in previous editions. The book starts out with a general introduction to the changes in the field, as well as looking at the prospects for the coming years. Chapters cover ecology, diversity, and function of microbes, and of microbial genes in the ocean. The biology and ecology of some model organisms, and how we can model the whole of the marine microbes, are dealt with, and some of the trophic roles that have changed in the last years are discussed. Finally, the role of microbes in the oceanic P cycle are presented. Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, Third Edition offers chapters on The Evolution of Microbial Ecology of the Ocean; Marine Microbial Diversity as Seen by High Throughput Sequencing; Ecological Significance of Microbial Trophic Mixing in the Oligotrophic Ocean; Metatranscritomics and Metaproteomics; Advances in Microbial Ecology from Model Marine Bacteria; Marine Microbes and Nonliving Organic Matter; Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Oxygen-Deficient Water Columns; The Ocean’s Microscale; Ecological Genomics of Marine Viruses; Microbial Physiological Ecology of The Marine Phosphorus Cycle; Phytoplankton Functional Types; and more. A new and updated edition of a key book in aquatic microbial ecology Includes widely used methodological approaches Fully describes the structure of the microbial ecosystem, discussing in particular the sources of carbon for microbial growth Offers theoretical interpretations of subtropical plankton biogeography Microbial Ecology of the Oceans is an ideal text for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and colleagues from other fields wishing to learn about microbes and the processes they mediate in marine systems.
Microbial Ecology: Microbiomes, Viromes, and Biofilms
by Bhagwan Narayan RekadwadThis book highlights the hidden world of microbiomes, viromes, and biofilms on and inside humans. Our bodies have microbiomes, which contain various bacterial communities, and viromes, which contain viruses. These invisible residents are vital to health and sickness. Infections often result from microbiome imbalances. Pathogenic bacteria can outcompete beneficial ones, causing gut dysbiosis and disease. Understanding this interaction allows probiotics to restore balance and fight infections. Microbes have a major impact on the gut-brain axis. Gut bacteria affect mood, behavior, and neurodegenerative illnesses by producing neurotransmitters and influencing brain development. The "diabesity" relationship to microbiome changes underscores its relevance in metabolic illnesses like diabetes and NAFLD. The microbiota can also affect cancer progression. Specific bacterial strains may promote tumor growth or prevent metastasis, enabling microbiome-based cancer treatments. Probiotics—live bacteria—have enormous potential. Beneficial strains can improve intestinal balance, fight infections, and treat diabetes and autoimmune conditions.Fecal transplants or co-sleeping may modify microbial ecosystems and health effects. Microbiomes, viromes, and biofilms are complex, requiring advanced tools. The makeup, function, and interactions of these communities can be characterized using next-generation sequencing (NGS). As NGS technology advances, researchers explore this hidden world, offering a future where microbiome manipulation underpins customized therapy and preventive healthcare. This area has great potential for understanding health, improving well-being, and fighting diseases in innovative ways.
Microbial Ecosystems in Central Andes Extreme Environments: Biofilms, Microbial Mats, Microbialites and Endoevaporites
by María Eugenia FaríasThe Central Andean Altiplane represents a unique extreme environment due to its high altitude, closed basins that modulate the salt pans and saline wetlands surrounded by deserts, as well as the considerable influence of volcanic activity. UV radiation, arsenic content, high salinity, alkalinity and low dissolved oxygen levels, together with extreme daily temperature fluctuations and oligotrophic conditions, shape an environment that resembles the early Earth and, even more, extraterrestrial conditions. By developing simple biofilms stratified microbial mats or complex microbialites, extreme microbial ecosystems, colonize and thrived in different environments like salt flats, wetlands, lakes volcano vents, geysers and deserts. This book presents our current understanding of these amazing ecosystems, providing a basis for their protection and sustainable utilization. The main audience for this book included researchers and graduate students as well as professionals working in the government, mining industry and similar activities.
Microbial Electrochemical Technologies
by Deepak Pant Sonia Tiquia-ArashiroThis book encompasses the most updated and recent account of research and implementation of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) from pioneers and experienced researchers in the field who have been working on the interface between electrochemistry and microbiology/biotechnology for many years. It provides a holistic view of the METs, detailing the functional mechanisms, operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction process and integration strategies. The book not only provides historical perspectives of the technology and its evolution over the years but also the most recent examples of up-scaling and near future commercialization, making it a must-read for researchers, students, industry practitioners and science enthusiasts. Key Features: Introduces novel technologies that can impact the future infrastructure at the water-energy nexus. Outlines methodologies development and application of microbial electrochemical technologies and details out the illustrations of microbial and electrochemical concepts. Reviews applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches. Discusses techniques such as molecular biology and mathematical modeling; the future development of this promising technology; and the role of the system components for the implementation of bioelectrochemical technologies for practical utility. Explores key challenges for implementing these systems and compares them to similar renewable energy technologies, including their efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.
Microbial Electrochemical Technologies: Fundamentals and Applications
by Rao Y. Surampalli Tian C. Zhang Makarand M. Ghangrekar Narcis M. DuteanuA one-stop guide to the future of sustainable energy production The search for sustainable energy sources powered by renewable, non-fossil fuel resources is one of the great scientific challenges of the era. Microorganisms such as bacteria and algae have been shown to function as the basis of a microbial fuel cell, which can operate independently of an electrical power grid on the basis of renewable feed sources. These fuel cells have shown applications ranging from powering implantable biomedical devices to purifying rural water sources, and many more. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies offers a one-stop shop for researchers and developers of technologies incorporating these microbial fuel cells. Beginning with the fundamental processes involved in microbial energy production and the key components of a bioelectrochemical system (BES), it then surveys the major BES types and crucial aspects of technological development and commercialization. The result is an indispensable introduction to these vital power sources and their myriad applications. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies readers will also find: Detailed treatment of BES types including fuel cells, electrolysis and electrosynthesis cells, and more Discussion of commercialization aspects including modelling, performance analysis, and life cycle assessment An authorial team with decades of combined experience on three continentsMicrobial Electrochemical Technologies is a useful reference for electrochemists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, and bioengineers.
Microbial Electrolysis Cell Technology: Fundamental to Sustainable Applications (Sustainable Materials and Technology)
by Akil Ahmad Asim Ali YaqoobThis book covers the different aspects of microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology and its applications in wastewater treatment such as nutrient recovery and heavy metals removal. The MEC technique is related to the technique the microbial fuel cells (MFC);, while the MFC uses the microbial decomposition of organic molecules to generate an electric current, MEC partly reverses the process by using an electric current to generate hydrogen or methane from organic material. If a sustainable energy source is used to generate the electric current, the generated hydrogen or methane can be used in an internal combustion engine or PEM fuel cell to generate energy. The chapters in this book describe the basic principles and working mechanism of the MEC, its effectiveness depending on the kind of microorganisms present, type of electrode materials, use of catalysis, and lastly its potential industrial applications for environmental remediation. This book benefits students, young researchers, academicians, and industrial scientists who are working in the field of environmental pollutants and their safe removal using new technologies.
Microbial Electrolysis Cells for Biohydrogen Production
by Soumya Pandit Kyu-Jung Chae Dipak A. Jadhav Kyoung-Yeol KimThis book covers microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) for biohydrogen production and explores the basics, challenges, limitations and applications of this technology. The latest advances in electrochemical reactors and microbial electrochemical systems are also presented, accompanied by a discussion on the way forward towards practical use of MEC technology. Divided into 3 parts, the book commences with an introduction to the fundamentals of microbial electrolysis cells and biohydrogen production, followed by an overview of the latest advances in microbial electrolysis cell research, with particular attention given to the performance and operating conditions. The third part of this book is devoted to MEC scaling-up, were readers will find the recent progresses in the field. The possibilities and challenges of integrating conventional wastewater treatment systems with MEC, commercialization challenges of MECs, and life cycle assessment of MEC for biohydrogen production are alsodiscussed in this part of the book. In this book, readers will also find useful case studies detailing pilot-scale applications of MEC for industrial wastewater treatment. Given its breadth, this book is a valuable resource for scholars in the energy domain, policymakers and researchers actively working with MEC applications. Furthermore, it also appeals to early-stage researchers and scientists interested in the dynamics of microbial electrolysis for wastewater treatment, biohydrogen generation and resource recovery from wastewater.
Microbial Endocrinology
by Mark Lyte Primrose P.E. FreestoneMicrobial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.
Microbial Endophytes
by James F. White Charles W. BaconExamining intercellular infections in certain plant species that lead to a symbiotic relationship between the host and its endophytic microbes, this volume demonstrates the ability of many types of endosymbionts, acting as a unit with hosts to better survive, compete and reproduce. Practical applications of such endophytes are also discussed, for e
Microbial Engineering for Therapeutics
by Mrutyunjay Suar Namrata Misra Chandravanu DashThis book highlights the recent advances in the field of microbial engineering and its application in human healthcare. It underscores the systemic and synthetic biology approaches for engineering microbes and discusses novel treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases based on engineered probiotics. The book also reviews the different options and methods for engineering microbes, ranging from recombinant DNA technology to designing microbes for targeting specific sites and delivering therapeutics. Further, it discusses genetically engineered microorganisms for smart diagnostics and describes current approaches in microbial gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9-based tools. Lastly, it summarizes the potential applications of human microbiome engineering in improving human health and explores potential strategies for scaling-up the production of engineered microbial strains for commercial purposes, as well as the challenges. Given its scope, this book is a valuable resource for students, researchers, academics and entrepreneurs interested in understanding microbial engineering for the production of commercial products.
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: Principles and Potential (Green Energy and Technology)
by Pankaj Tiwari Lalit PandeyThis book presents the fundamentals of the reservoir and interfacial engineering. The book systematically starts with the basics of primary, secondary and tertiary (enhanced) oil recovery and emphasizes on the theory of microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) and its potential toward recovery of oil in place. Different approaches of MEOR such as in-situ, ex-situ, and integration of chemical- and microbial-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are discussed in detail. This book highlights the link between the effectiveness of MEOR and the local reservoir conditions, crude oil characteristics, and indigenous microbial community. The latest implementations of MEOR across the globe are highlighted as case studies to outline the potential as well as the scope of MEOR. Given the topics covered, this book will be useful for professionals and researchers working in the areas of petroleum science and engineering, chemical engineering, biotechnology, bioengineering, and other related fields.
Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG)
by Francis Martin Stephane UrozThis volume seeks to understand how organisms and gene functions are influenced by environmental cues while accounting for variation that takes place within and among environmental populations and communities. Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) guides readers through methods to analyse the diversity of different organism types (archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and microfauna), interactions between fungi and trees, and methods to identify and characterize functions and functional diversity of both pro- and eukaryotes. Written for the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) will serve as a primary research reference for researchers and research managers in environmental microbiology working in the expanding field of molecular ecology and environmental genomics.
Microbial Environmental Genomics (Methods in Molecular Biology #2605)
by Francis Martin Stephane UrozThis volume guides researchers on how to characterize, image rare, and hitherto unknown taxa and their interactions, to identify new functions and biomolecules and to understand how environmental changes condition the activity and the response of the organisms living with us and in our environment. Chapters cover different organism types (i.e., archaea, bacteria, fungi, protest, microfauna and microeukaryotes) and propose detailed protocols to produce high quality DNA, to analyse active microbial communities directly involved in complex interactions or processes through stable isotope probing, to identify and characterize of new functional genes, to image in situ interactions and to apply bioinformatics analysis tools to complex metagenomic or RNAseq sequence data. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG): Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to serve as a primary research reference for researchers in microbiology working to in the expanding field of molecular ecology and environmental genomics.
Microbial Enzyme Technology in Food Applications (Food Biology Series)
by Ramesh C. Ray and Cristina M. RosellThe aim of food processing is to produce food that is palatable and tastes good, extend its shelf-life, increase the variety, and maintain the nutritional and healthcare quality of food. To achieve favorable processing conditions and for the safety of the food to be consumed, use of food grade microbial enzymes or microbes (being the natural biocatalysts) is imperative. This book discusses the uses of enzymes in conventional and non-conventional food and beverage processing as well as in dairy processing, brewing, bakery and wine making. Apart from conventional uses, the development of bioprocessing tools and techniques have significantly expanded the potential for extensive application of enzymes such as in production of bioactive peptides, oligosaccharides and lipids, flavor and colorants. Some of these developments include extended use of the biocatalysts (as immobilized/encapsulated enzymes), microbes (both natural and genetically modified) as sources for bulk enzymes, solid state fermentation technology for enzyme production. Extremophiles and marine microorganisms are another source of food grade enzymes. The book throws light on potential applications of microbial enzymes to expand the base of food processing industries.
Microbial Enzymes and Biotechniques: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
by Pratyoosh ShuklaThis book compiles the latest research on the multifarious roles of microbial enzymes, and provides an overview of microbial enzymes and biotechnologies. It discusses the use of microbial enzymes in innovative areas like nanomedicine and synthetic biotechnology, as well as the use of starch digesting enzymes and bioactive proteins as biotherapeutics, all of which have applications in modern drug discovery processes. The book also examines the concept of microbial biotransformation and protein engineering, and covers topics such as the immobilization of therapeutic enzymes, bioengineering of enzymes for bioactive compounds, the production of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes from plant raw materials, and prebiotics and probiotics.Given its multidisciplinary scope, this book will appeal to researchers and industry experts in the fields of microbiology, biotechnology and molecular medicine.
Microbial Enzymes and Biotransformations
by Jose Luis BarredoLeading experts in enzyme manipulation describe in detail their cutting-edge techniques for the screening, evolution, production, immobilization, and application of enzymes. These readily reproducible methods can be used to improve enzyme function by directed evolution, to covalently immobilize enzymes, to microencapsulate enzymes and cells, and to manufacture enzymes for human health, nutrition, and environmental protection. Overview chapters on microorganisms as a source of metabolic and enzymatic diversity, and on the fast-moving field of enzyme biosensors are presented. Microbial Enzymes and Biotransformations offers laboratory and industrial scientists a wealth of proven enzymatic protocols that show clearly how to go from laboratory results to successful industrial applications.
Microbial Enzymes and Metabolites for Health and Well-Being
by Binod Parameswaran Amit Kumar Rai Ranjna Sirohi de Souza Vandenberghe, Luciana PortoThis up-to-date reference book discusses the synthesis, production, and application of various microbial enzymes and metabolites for health. Microorganisms like bacteria (lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus species), yeasts, and filamentous fungi have been globally exploited for their biotechnological applications. This book discusses ways to use them commercially. Chapters include the production of fibrinolytic enzymes, microbial lipases, bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria, and bioactives produced. It also covers microbial synthesis of alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids. This book is useful for researchers, academicians, and industry experts in microbiology and biotechnology.
Microbial Enzymes in Bioconversions of Biomass
by Vijai Kumar GuptaThis volume summarizes our current knowledge on different biomass-converting enzymes and their potential use in converting biomass into simple sugar to generate bioenergy and other value added co-/by products. It consists of 13 chapters and is divided into three parts: cellulases; hemicellulases; and lignocellulose oxidoreductases. Written by international experts, the contributions offer clear and concise descriptions of both standard and new technologies. It is an invaluable reference resource for undergraduates, post-graduates, researchers and practitioners in the field of microbial enzymes for biofuel and biorefinery applications.
Microbial Enzymes in Production of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
by Binod Parameswaran Amit Kumar Rai Ranjna Sirohi de Souza Vandenberghe, Luciana PortoThis book is a valuable reference that discusses green technologies, like enzyme technologies, to meet the ever-growing demand of nutraceuticals and functional foods. Microorganisms like bacteria (lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus species), yeasts, and filamentous fungi have been exploited for food preparations globally. Microbial Enzymes in Production of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals discusses how to use them commercially. Chapters include enzyme sources, processing, and the health benefits of microbial enzymes. Other interesting Chapters include the application of metagenomics and the molecular engineering of enzymes. This book is useful for students, academicians, and industry experts in food science and applied microbiology.