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MicroRNA Regulatory Network: Structure and Function
by Zengrong Liu Jianwei Shen Shuiming Cai Fang YanThis book discusses topics related to the topological structure and biological function of gene networks regulated by microRNAs. It focuses on analyzing the relation between topological structure and biological function, applying these theoretical results to gene networks involving microRNA, illustrating their biological mechanisms, and identifying the roles of microRNA in controlling various phenomena emerging from the networks. In addition, the book explains how to control the complex biological phenomena using mathematical tools and offers a new perspective on studying microRNA. It is a useful resource for graduate students and researchers who are working on or interested in microRNAs and gene network.
MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy
by Fazlul H. SarkarSince the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) some twenty years ago by Victor Ambros, David Baulcombe and Gary Ruvkun, these three scientists worked to uncover the mystery of miRNA, the small segments of nucleotides that silence genes. While studying the development of the nematode worm, Ambros and Ruvkun discovered miRNA in animals, while Baulcombe discovered it in plants. Since their discovery, it took more than two decade to fully appreciate the value of miRNA in human health and diseases. Emerging evidence suggest that the activation of oncogenes and/or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes contribute to the development and progression of tumors. The regulation of genes is by far controlled by many transcription factors which are often deregulated during the development and progression of cancer. In addition, emerging evidence clearly suggests that the deregulation of miRNAs or small non-coding RNAs could also regulate the expression of genes and likewise, miRNA genes are also regulated by transcription factors. The most attractive feature of miRNAs is that one miRNA can regulate many target genes (mRNAs) and thus miRNA targeted therapy is highly promising because multiple genes could be regulated by targeting a single miRNA, which becomes very important for the killing of highly heterogeneous populations of cancer cells within a tumor mass. Therefore, miRNA targeted therapy is an attractive attribute of miRNA research, which is covered through eighteen chapters complied in this book "MicroRNA targeted Cancer therapy" and it is hoped that the field of miRNA research will be appreciated through critical reading of these chapters on the cutting-edge research on miRNAs.
MicroRNA Technologies
by Min Jeong KyeThis volume examines different approaches toward understanding the function of microRNA (miRNA) and the tools used to regulate microRNA expression in nervous systems. MicroRNA Technologies also explores newly established techniques to study the role of miRNAs in the nervous system. The chapters in this book cover topics such as: high content screening for looking at the impact of overexpressed miRNAs on primary motor neurons; miRNA expression profiling by PCR array in 2D and 3D neural culture systems; analysis of cortical neuron migration using miRNA silencing; isolating and screening subcellular miRNAs in neurons; and measuring miRNA mediated translational regulation with live cell imaging. The Neuromethods series offers chapters with key advice and procedure specifics to empower the readers to successfully achieve their own scientific and experimental goals. Cutting-edge and practical, MicroRNA Technologies is a valuable resource for students and researchers who are interested about microRNAs in nervous systems.
MicroRNA and Cancer
by Wei WuThe tiny microRNAs (miRNAs) can have huge impacts on the regulation of a variety of genes and play crucial roles in the fundamental cellular processes. Recent miRNA studies change the landscape of cancer genetics by scrutinizing the alterations of genome-wide miRNA expressions in most common cancers and their regulatory functions during the development of cancer. The connections between miRNAs and cancer are widespread enough to warrant more comprehensive investigations in the systems biology perspective. In MicroRNA and Cancer: Methods and Protocols, internationally renowned experts provide the latest miRNA knowledge, the various techniques and methodologies currently available for cancer research application. Ranging from the fundamental concepts to practical applications, this book presents:* Overview of microRNA biogenesis, computational prediction of new miRNAs in the cancer genome, and miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment* Detailed experimental protocols in miRNA detection with novel and high-throughput technology, miRNA library cloning, miRNA epigenetic regulation, and miRNA pathway study* Stepwise computational and bioinformatic procedures for miRNA complex networks in cancer genomes with a variety of softwares and programs* Cross-cited notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls Authoritative and cutting-edge, MicroRNA and Cancer: Methods and Protocols serves researchers with the basic principles of experimental and computational methods for microRNA study in cancer research and provides a firm grounding for those who wish to further develop their own applications and tailor them to their own specific research needs.
MicroRNA: Perspectives in Health and Diseases
by Jaishree Paul Rohini MuthuswamiThis book explores the role of miRNA as therapeutic agents, the progress made in this direction and the problems that need to be addressed for miRNA based therapies to become successful. It also discusses the basic biology of miRNA sythesis, regulation, and their role in disease biology.
MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation
by Catherine M. GreeneThe book serves as a comprehensive resource for scientists and clinicians studying the role of non-coding RNAs in inflammation (viral infections, wound inflammation), human inflammatory diseases (i. e. rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, diabetes) and innate immunity. It provides a universal reference work comprising both basic and specialized information. Given that ncRNAs represent new therapeutic targets, this volume will also be of interest to industrial biomedical researchers and those involved in drug development.
MicroRNAs as Tools in Biopharmaceutical Production
by Niall BarronFocused manuscript on the potential use/role of miRNAs in bioprocessing, specifically the production of complex proteins in mammalian cells. With that in mind I propose a draft list of topics/chapters along the following lines: Intro on CHO/bioprocessing/engineering challenges to set scene, Genomic organization, biogenesis and mode of action, Identifying miRNA targets: Computational prediction, transcriptomics, proteomices, UTR analysis, etc., miRNA expression in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, miRNAs as engineering targets: pathway manipulation to impact bioprocess phenotypes, miRNAs as biomarkers, Detection methods: Northern, PCR, hybridization arrays, Next Gen Seq, Manipulation of expression in cultured cells: Transient/stable disregulation, Knockout.
MicroRNAs in Development
by Tamas DalmaySince the discovery of microRNAs, developmental biologists have striven to understand the role of miRNAs in development and disease. MicroRNAs in Development: Methods and Protocols collects contributions from expert researchers in order to provide practical guidelines to this complex study. Divided into three convenient sections, this detailed volume covers various techniques to detect and profile miRNA expression, followed by protocols to manipulate the activity of miRNAs in various organisms, and it concludes with a section that outlines different methods to identify and validate miRNA targets in animals and plants. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, MicroRNAs in Development: Methods and Protocols serves as a practical guide for scientists of all backgrounds and conveys the appropriate sense of fascination associated with this vital field of research.
MicroRNAs in Medicine
by Charles H. LawrieMicroRNAs in Medicine provides an access point into the current literature on microRNA for both scientists and clinicians, with an up-to-date look at what is happening in the emerging field of microRNAs and their relevance to medicine. Each chapter is a comprehensive review, with descriptions of the latest microRNA research written by international leaders in their field. Opening with an introduction to what microRNAs are and how they function, the book goes on to explore the role of microRNAs in normal physiological functions, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, cancer, circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers, and finally their potential as novel therapeutics. Including background information on the field as well as reviews of the latest research breakthroughs, MicroRNAs in Medicine is a one-stop source of information to satisfy the specialists and non-specialists alike, appealing to students, researchers, and clinicians interested in understanding the potential of microRNAs in medicine and research.
MicroRNAs in Plant Development and Stress Responses
by Ramanjulu SunkarPrecise regulation of gene expression in both time and space is vital to plant growth, development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This is achieved by multiple mechanisms, with perhaps the most important control being exerted at the level of transcription. However, with the recent discovery of microRNAs another ubiquitous mode of gene regulation that occurs at the post-transcriptional level has been identified. MicroRNAs can silence gene expression by targeting complementary or partially complementary mRNAs for degradation or translational inhibition. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs play fundamental roles in plant growth and development, as well as in adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. This book highlights the roles of individual miRNAs that control and regulate diverse aspects of plant processes.
MicroRNAs: Key Regulators of Oncogenesis
by Sadegh BabashahAberrant expression and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer have added a new layer of complexity to the understanding of development and progression of the disease state. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs have a crucial function in oncogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The expression signatures of miRNAs provide exciting opportunities in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cancer. Since miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in oncogenesis, the potential of using these small RNAs as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities for cancer therapy by either inhibiting or augmenting their activity.
Microactuators and Micromechanisms
by Burkhard Corves Erwin-Christian Lovasz Lena Zentner Brian JensenThis book presents a basic introduction to micromechanisms and microactuators, particularly to their basic configurations and design. This book fills the persisting gap in the published literature on the mechanical manipulative aspects of micromechanisms. It also helps in offering specialized introductory courses on micromechanisms and microactuators not as part of MEMS sensing devices, but as mechanical manipulative systems. The level of the book is suitable for use in both undergraduate and introductory graduate programmes. The book presents an overview of miniaturization and scaling laws, basic design principles of micro-sized mechanisms and actuators, micro-fabrication processes, and some futuristic issues. The volume contains a large number of figures and illustrations for easy understanding by the readers. It will also be useful to researchers and professionals looking for an introduction to the topic.
Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms: MAMM 2024 (Mechanisms and Machine Science #177)
by Takahito Ono Ashok Kumar Pandey Duc-Nam Nguyen Ngoc Dang Khoa Tran Van Tuan Huynh Van Hieu NguyenThis book brings together investigations which combine theoretical and experimental results related to such systems as flexure hinges and compliant mechanisms for precision applications, the non-linear analytical modeling of compliant mechanisms, mechanical systems using compliance as a bipedal robot and reconfigurable tensegrity systems and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as energy efficient micro-robots, microscale force compensation, magnetoelectric micro-sensors, acoustical actuators and the wafer bonding as a key technology for the MEMS fabrication. The book gathers the contributions presented at the 7th Conference on Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms (MAMM), held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in November 2024. The aim of the conference was to provide a special opportunity for a know-how exchange and collaboration in various disciplines concerning systems pertaining to micro-technology. The conference was organized under the patronage of International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science (IFToMM).
Microalgae Biotechnology
by Clemens Posten Steven Feng ChenAntenna Mutants, Domestication, by Roberto Bassi Heterotrophic Cultivation, by William McCaffrey Chlorella for industrial applications: Advances and prospective, by Feng Chen Carotinoide, by Carola Griehl Engineering the algal chloroplast for synthesis of therapeutic proteins, by Saul Purton Design Concepts and recent developments of photobioreactors, by Clemens Posten Efficiency of flat plate reactors, by Mario Tredici Measuring modelling and control, by Olivier Bernard Microalgae in Life Support Systems, by Klaus Slenzka Heterotrophic oil production, by Makato Watanabe
Microalgae Biotechnology for Development of Biofuel and Wastewater Treatment
by Md. Asraful Alam Zhongming WangThis book addresses microalgae, which represent a very promising biomass resource for wastewater treatment and producing biofuels. Accordingly, microalgae are also an expanding sector in biofuels and wastewater treatment, as can be seen in several high-profile start-ups from around the globe, including Solix Biofuels, Craig Venter’s Synthetic Genomics, PetroSun, Chevron Corporation, ENN Group etc. In addition, a number of recent studies and patent applications have confirmed the value of modern microalgae for biofuels production and wastewater treatment systems. However, substantial inconsistencies have been observed in terms of system boundaries, scope, the cultivation of microalgae and oil extraction systems, production costs and economic viability, cost-lowering components, etc. Moreover, the downstream technologies and core principles involved in liquid fuel extraction from microalgae cells are still in their early stages, and not always adequate for industrial production. Accordingly, multilateral co-operation between universities, research institutes, governments, stakeholders and researchers is called for in order to make microalgae biofuels economical. Responding to this challenge, the book begins with a general introduction to microalgae and the algae industry, and subsequently discusses all major aspects of microalgal biotechnology, from strain isolation and robust strain development, to biofuel development, refinement and wastewater treatment.
Microalgae Biotechnology for Food, Health and High Value Products
by Md. Asraful Alam Zhongming Wang Jing-Liang Xu"Microalgae Biotechnology for Food, Health and High Value Products” presents the latest technological innovations in microalgae production, market status of algal biomass-based products, and future prospects for microalgal applications. It provides stimulating overviews from different perspectives of application that demonstrate how rapidly the commercial production of microalgae-based food, health and high value products is advancing. It also addresses a range of open questions and challenges in this field. The book highlights the latest advances of interest to those already working in the field, while providing a comprehensive overview for those readers just beginning to learn about the promise of microalgae as a sustainable source of both specialty and commercial products. It offers a valuable asset for commercial algae producers, algae product developers, scientific researchers and students who are dedicated to the advancement of microalgae biotechnology for applications in health, diet, nutrition, cosmetics, biomaterials etc.
Microalgae Biotechnology for Wastewater Treatment, Resource Recovery and Biofuels: Towards Sustainable Biorefinery
by Monika Prakash Rai Shrasti VasisthaThis book is designed with the objective of studying microalgae and its application in the widest sense. Microalgae offer various inherent advantages as they are capable of accumulating lipids (20–70%), and able to aid with the production of pigments, carbohydrates, and proteins. The book comprehensively covers microalgae isolation techniques, their cultivation, and wastewater treatment by microalgae as well as the impact on biomass, lipid extraction, biofuel, and utilization of residual biomass focusing on biorefinery approach. The volume discusses the conversion of defatted oiled microalgae biomass for different applications. Acknowledging these challenges, this book discusses the limitations, outcomes, and economic aspects
Microalgae Horizons: Fundamentals, Innovations, and Industrial Applications (Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology)
by Ihana Aguiar Severo Juan Carlos Ordóñez André Bellin Mariano José Viriato Coelho VargasThis book provides comprehensive recommendations and insights into the fundamentals, innovations, and industrial applications of microalgae-based processes. Covering both upstream and downstream processes, it addresses challenges and solutions in scaling up microalgae technologies from laboratory to industrial uses. Key topics include cultivation techniques, bioreactor designs, harvesting and drying methods, and applications in food, biofuels, and environmental management. Special emphasis is placed on market trends, socio-political factors, regulatory frameworks, innovation, and sustainability, ensuring a holistic understanding of this rapidly evolving field. In addition, the final chapters are dedicated to real-world cases, highlighting pilot projects and large-scale installations that tackle practical challenges in engineering and commercialization. As an interdisciplinary science, microalgae technology has significant relevance in academia, industry, and government, driving innovation and contributing to a growing billion-dollar global market for high-value products. This book serves as an essential resource for students, researchers, scientists, engineers, and professionals seeking to deepen their knowledge and stay updated on the latest developments in microalgae research and applications.
Microalgae as Promising Source of Commercial Bioproducts: Advances and Emerging Technologies in Bioactive Compounds, Biofuels, Food and Biorefineries (Developments in Applied Phycology #14)
by Sergio Rossi David Ulises Santos BallardoThis book contains a wide compendium of information, which includes algal culture basics and the newest scientific and industrial advances in microalgal applications, including traditional uses such as renewable energy biofuels, wastewater treatment, edible products, aquaculture and livestock production. It also presents emerging perspectives of microalgae valorization, for example, health/cosmetic products, biofertilizers, bioplastics, vaccine delivery systems, nanotechnology and enzymes bio-factories. Moreover, this book provides a comprehensive overview for those readers that are initiating the study about microalgae potential as a renewable source of valuable commercial products and highlights the state-of-the-art on the innovative advances for scientific researchers, students and microalgae commercial producers, which already focused in developing microalgae biotechnology for bioenergy, food, and other applications. Also, the role of microalgae technology in the blue economy is analyzed, an aspect with high relevance in the present and the future time, but which is regularly understudied.
Microalgae as a Feedstock for Biofuels
by Luisa GouveiaThis Brief provides a concise review of the potential use of microalgae for biofuel production. The following topics are highlighted: the advantages of microalgae over conventional biofuel-producing crops; technological processes for energy production using microalgae; microalgal biomass production systems, production rates and costs; algae cultivation strategies and main culture parameters; biomass harvesting technologies and cell disruption; CO2 sequestration; life cycle analysis; and algal biorefinery strategies. The conclusions section discusses the contribution of the technologies described to environmental sustainability and future prospects.
Microalgae as a Sustainable Source of Green Energy Generation and Bioeconomy (Synthesis Lectures on Green Energy and Technology)
by A. K. Haghi Javid A Parray Niraj SinghThe primary focus of the topic is on the production of energy. Here, energy production typically refers to the conversion of waste algal biomass into various forms of usable energy. This could include electricity, biofuels (e.g., biodiesel, bioethanol), biogas, or other forms of renewable energy. Conversion of algal biomass to fuels via extraction of lipids (and potentially other components), through 'algal lipid upgrading' or ALU pathway, combined algal process (CAP) and parallel algal process (PAP). ALU approach based on a biochemical processing strategy to selectively recover and convert select algal biomass components to fuels, namely carbohydrates to ethanol and lipids to a renewable diesel blendstock (RDB) product. The scope of the topic encompasses the various methods and technologies used to convert waste algal biomass into energy. This could involve processes like anaerobic digestion, fermentation, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, or other innovative techniques. The topic may touch upon ongoing research, technological advancements, and potential areas of improvement related to waste algal biomass-based energy production.
Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation
by Jay Shankar Singh Arun KumarMicroalgae in Waste Water Remediation aims to point out trends and current topics concerning the use of microalgae in wastewater treatment and to identify potential paths for future research regarding microalgaebased bioremediation. To achieve this goal, the book also assessing and analyzes the topics that attract attention among the scientific community and their evolution through time. This book will be useful to the students, scientists and policy makers concerned with the microalgae mediated management of wastewater effluents and its applications in overall future sustainable development.
Microalgae: From Future Food to Cellular Factory
by Joel FleurenceMicroalgae and cyanobacteria are the first organisms in the oceanic food chain and are essential producers of oxygen and effective carbon dioxide traps. They are traditional sources of food proteins for Aztec, African and Asian populations, and some of them have even acquired the status of superfoods. Microalgae reviews the biological, ecological and biochemical characteristics of microalgae and cyanobacteria. They are true cellular factories, producing substances of interest such as original pigments, proteins and polysaccharides with biological activities. Their use covers many sectors of human activity including aquaculture, livestock breeding, agri-food, and human and veterinary medicine.This book presents their mode of production and the transformation processes that are applied to them, as well as the traditional and future valorization of algae. As they are a source of lipids and fatty acids, microalgae have become the focus of attention for the development of green fuels, such as biofuel.
Microalgal Bioengineering
by Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa Brian Gregory Mitchell John BenemannThis book presents recent advances, challenges, and trends in modern microalgal biotechnology. It covers microalgae genetics, bioreactors, modeling, massive scale and industrial cultivation, and environmental, social, and economic aspects of microalgal biotechnology. The book also explores the emerging knowledge about high-value bioproducts from microalgae, e.g., biofuels, biosurfactants, bioremediation, bioplastics/biopolymers, pharmaceuticals, antioxidants (anti-aging), fatty acids, polysaccharides and proteins, feed and superfoods with microalgae. The chapters will be written by prominent professors and researchers from the six inhabited continents of the world, from academic to industrial sectors.
Microalgal Production for Biomass and High-Value Products
by Stephen P. Slocombe John R. BenemannMicroalgae are a particularly interesting source of products that range from currently marketed human nutritionals and food ingredients, to potential sources of biofuels and animal feeds. Rapid advances in technology and commercial development are taking place worldwide. Importantly, algal cultivation does not compete with agriculture for land, water, and in some cases, fertilizer resources. Microalgal Production for Biomass and High-Value Products covers the field from a variety of perspectives with 14 chapters contributed by recognized academic experts and industrial practitioners. The book presents the latest technologies and innovations in algal biomass production, from cultivation in open ponds and photobioreactors, to strain selection, synthetic biology, pest control, harvesting, and processing. It explores novel algal products and addresses key issues, including markets, supply chains, business strategies, legal issues, current products, and future prospects. This book brings together the latest advances of interest to those already working in the field while providing an introduction to those beginning to learn about the promise of microalgae as a sustainable source of both specialty and commodity products. It gives stimulating overviews from many different perspectives that describe how laboratory and applied research are creating advances in commercial microalgae production. It also addresses the still many open questions and challenges in this field.