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New Frontiers in Cryptography: Quantum, Blockchain, Lightweight, Chaotic and DNA
by Khaled Salah MohamedThis book provides comprehensive coverage of various Cryptography topics, while highlighting the most recent trends such as quantum, blockchain, lightweight, Chaotic and DNA cryptography. Moreover, this book covers cryptography primitives and its usage and applications and focuses on the fundamental principles of modern cryptography such as Stream Ciphers, block ciphers, public key algorithms and digital signatures. Readers will gain a solid foundation in cryptography and security. This book presents the fundamental mathematical concepts of cryptography. Moreover, this book presents hiding data techniques such as steganography and watermarking. The author also provides a comparative study of the different cryptographic methods, which can be used to solve security problems.
New Frontiers in Environmental Toxicology
by Tanu JindalThis volume provides up-to-date information on toxic pollutants in the environment and their harmful effects on human health and nature. The book covers many important aspects of environmental toxicology, such as features, characterization, applications, environmental routes for dispersion, nanotoxicity, ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of nanomaterials, with emphasis on radiation toxicology, polar ecotoxicology, plastic toxicology, microbrial toxicology, nanotoxicology and pesticide toxicology. Also discussed is the use of microbes and nanotechnology for medicinal purposes, which has revealed important chemical prototypes in the discovery of new agents, stimulating the use of refined physical techniques and new syntheses of molecules with pharmaceutical applications for human welfare. The chapters also address the fate of nanoparticles in the environment, as well as nanotoxicology mechanisms impacting human health. The book will be of interest to toxicologists, environmental scientists, chemists, and students of microbiology, nanotechnology and pharmacology.
New Frontiers in GRMHD Simulations (Springer Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
by Cosimo Bambi Yosuke Mizuno Swarnim Shashank Feng YuanThis book offers an updated comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding field of GRMHD simulations. In Part I, it reviews the basic equations for GRMHD simulations and for numerical relativity. Part II describes public codes for GRMHD simulations. Part III is devoted to accretion processes onto compact objects in the non-self-gravitating fluid approximation. Part IV reviews the state of the art of GRMHD simulations with self-gravitating fluids. This book represents both a valuable book for graduate students and important reference resource for researchers in the field.
New Frontiers in Gravitational Collapse and Spacetime Singularities (Springer Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
by Pankaj S. Joshi Daniele MalafarinaThe book collects a series of articles to review the advances that have been made in the field of gravitational collapse in general relativity and alternative theories of gravity in the past few years. Many approaches to black hole and singularity formation in general relativity and beyond have been proposed over the last few decades. The importance of collapse models is that they provide natural thought experiments where to test the behavior and properties of a variety of approaches to general relativity and its implications for ultra-compact objects in the universe.
New Frontiers in Organoselenium Compounds
by Eder João Lenardão Claudio Santi Luca SancinetoThis book presents recent advances in and perspectives on the use of organoselenium compounds, primarily highlighting the new frontiers in the field of Green Chemistry, their therapeutic and biological relevance and new materials. Throughout its 200 pages, readers will find an updated and comprehensive review of new aspects of organoselenium chemistry and biochemistry. Fully referenced and written in an easy to read style, it offers readers a primary resource for including organoselenium derivatives in their projects. This book will be of interest to specialists, students and researchers involved in a broad range of fields, from synthetic green chemistry to medicinal chemistry and the chemistry of natural products. The connection between organoselenium compounds and green chemistry, despite having only recently emerged, is one of the subjects of this book. The first chapter highlights the use of Se-containing molecules as reagents and catalysts in new green protocols to access important organic transformations. The book provides a wealth of examples of bioactive Se-containing molecules, especially focusing on those with potential therapeutic uses. The second chapter focuses on the state of the art concerning the role of organoselenium compounds as antioxidants, GPx mimics, and derivatives endowed with different bioactive properties. “Organoselenium in nature” is the title of the third chapter, which equips readers with essential information on the main natural organoselenium compounds and where they are found. Selected aspects of the metabolism of selenium in plants and microorganisms are also discussed. In closing, the book includes a chapter dedicated to recent advances concerning the nonbonding interactions between organochalcogen compounds. This is currently a hot topic in selenium chemistry and biochemistry, and here readers will find key insights into the chalcogen bond and its role in the biological activity of organoselenium compounds.
New Frontiers in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: An Evidence Base for Clinical Practice (American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology/Routledge Continuing Education Series)
by Vicki Anderson Keith Yeates Cathy Catroppa Miriam BeauchampNew Frontiers in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury provides an evidence base for clinical practice specific to traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained during childhood, with a focus on functional outcomes. It utilizes a biological-psychosocial conceptual framework consistent with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, which highlights that biological, psychological, and social factors all play a role in disease and children’s recovery from acquired brain injury. With its clinical perspective, it incorporates current and past research and evidence regarding advances that have occurred in outcomes, predictors, medical technology, and rehabilitation post-TBI. This book is great resource for established and new clinicians and researchers, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows who work in the field of pediatric TBI, including psychologists, neuropsychologists, pediatricians, and psychiatrists.
New Frontiers in Photochromism
by Masahiro Irie Takahiro Seki Yasushi YokoyamaPhotochromism is the reversible phototransformation of a chemical species between two forms having different absorption spectra. During the phototransformation not only the absorption spectra but also various physicochemical properties change, such as the refractive index, dielectric constant, oxidation/reduction potential, and geometrical structure. The property changes can be applied to photonic equipment such as erasable memory media, photo-optical switch components, and display devices. This book compiles the accomplishments of the research project titled "New Frontiers in Photochromism" supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The project focused not only on the above-mentioned classical subjects in photochromism, such as color changes, optical memory, and optical switches, but also on fundamental physicochemical studies and unprecedented application fields that have not yet been explored in photochromism. The latter topics include light-driven mechanical motion, photocontrol of surface wettability, metal deposition on solid materials, photocontrol of chiral properties, ultrafast decoloration dyes, and femtosecond laser experiments, among others.
New Frontiers in Plant-Environment Interactions: Innovative Technologies and Developments (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Tariq AftabThis book provides information about plant–environment studies and challenges for plant improvement to achieve food security. Plants face a wide range of environmental challenges, which are expected to become more intense as a result of global climate change. Plant–environment interactions play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. There are habitats throughout the world that present challenges to crop plants, such as through a lack of water and excessive, or toxic, salts in the soil. Soil properties represent a strong selection pressure for plant diversity and influence the structure of plant communities and participate to the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Plant communities selected by environment grow by modifying soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, with consequent effects on survival and growth of plants. The complexity of plant–environment interactions has recently been studied by developing a trait-based approach in which responses and effects of plants on environment were quantified and modeled. This fundamental research on plant–environment interaction in ecosystems is essential to transpose knowledges of functional ecology to environmental management. Plants have adapted to an incredible range of environment, and extensive researches on ecological and environmental plant physiology have provided mechanistic understanding of the survival, distribution, productivity, and abundance of plant species across the diverse climates of our planet. Ecophysiological techniques have greatly advanced our understanding of photosynthesis, respiration, plant water relations, and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, from instantaneous to evolutionary timescales. Ecophysiological studies also provide the basis for scaling plant physiological processes from the tissue to the canopy, ecosystem, region, and to a large extent, the entire globe. Given the above, the author proposes to bring forth a comprehensive book, “New Frontiers in Plant-Environment Interactions”, highlighting the various emerging techniques and applications that are currently being used in plant–environment interaction research and its future prospects. The author is sure that this book caters the need of all those who are working or have interest in the above topic.
New Frontiers in Respiratory Control
by Hiroshi Onimaru Ikuo Homma Yoshinosuke FukuchiThe Oxford Conference has been first held at Oxford University in 1948. Since then, it has been held every three years in various countries to exchange ideas and learn the latest findings on the control of respiration. The XIth Oxford Conference will focus on respiratory control, especially on the topics of respiratory rhythm generation and chemoreception. Clinical research on sleep apnea syndrome will also be an important subject at the meeting.
New Frontiers in Science in the Era of AI
by Vittorio Gorini Marilena Streit-BianchiThis interdisciplinary book enables scientists and non-specialists from various fields to delve into fascinating historical and recent scientific advancements in physics, astrophysics, genetic evolution, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. Paradigm shifts are common in science, but some have significantly changed our perception and understanding of the world. This volume not only explores the profound implications of these scientific frontiers but also forecasts their impact on daily life. It delves into ongoing research and the technology that fuels advancements in physics and related fields. Authored by renowned researchers and science communicators, this book appeals to researchers and non-experts seeking a comprehensive overview of emerging developments that challenge ongoing research and will impact education and society in the coming years. Structured into distinct sections - New Physics World, Evolutionary Genetics to Epigenetics, Neurosciences and Neurophilosophy, Applications of Artificial Intelligence, and The Mystery of the Dark Sector - each chapter provides a deep dive into its respective subject, shedding light on the mysteries and implications of cutting-edge science. The book ends with an Epilogue illustrating the limitations of and challenges for our cognitive abilities.
New Frontiers in Social Neuroscience
by Jean Decety Yves ChristenTraditionally, neuroscience has considered the nervous system as an isolated entity and largely ignored influences of the social environments in which humans and many animal species live. However, there is mounting evidence that the social environment affects behavior across species, from microbes to humans. This volume brings together scholars who work with animal and human models of social behavior to discuss the challenges and opportunities in this interdisciplinary academic field.
New Frontiers in Stress Management for Durable Agriculture
by Harikesh Bahadur Singh Amitava Rakshit Anand Kumar Singh Uma Shankar Singh Leonardo FracetoUsing accessible farming practices to meet the growing demands on agriculture is likely to result in more intense competition for natural resources, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and further deforestation and land degradation, which will in turn produce additional stress in the soil-water-plant-animal continuum. Stress refers to any unfavorable force or condition that inhibits customary functioning in plants. Concurrent manifestations of different stresses (biotic and abiotic) are very frequent in the environment of plants, which consequently reduces yield. Better understanding stress not only changes our perspective on the current environment, but can also bring a wealth of benefits, like improving sustainable agriculture and human beings’ living standards. Innovative systems are called for that protect and enhance the natural resource base, while increasing productivity via ‘holistic’ approaches, such as agroecology, agro-forestry, climate-smart agriculture and conservation agriculture, which also incorporate indigenous and traditional knowledge. The book ‘New Frontiers in Stress Management for Durable Agriculture’ details the current state of knowledge and highlights scientific advances concerning novel aspects of plant biology research on stress, biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as emergent amelioration and reclamation technologies to restore normal functioning in agroecology.
New Frontiers in Sustainable Aviation (Sustainable Aviation)
by T. Hikmet Karakoc Can Ozgur Colpan Alper DalkiranThis book examines recent progress and new technological developments in sustainable aviation. It covers alternative fuel types, propulsion technologies, and aerial vehicle (unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, passenger air) emission reduction technologies. The effects of these technologies on vehicle performance, cost, and environmental impact are discussed, and case studies, practical applications, and engineering solutions and methodologies are provided. This collection will be an invaluable reference for researchers, practicing engineers, and students.Highlights recent progress in sustainable aviation;Presents alternative fuel types and propulsion technologies;Includes case studies and practical applications.
New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy
by The National AcademiesSolar system exploration is that grand human endeavor which reaches out through interplanetary space to discover the nature and origins of the system of planets in which we live and to learn whether life exists beyond Earth. It is an international enterprise involving scientists, engineers, managers, politicians, and others, sometimes working together and sometimes in competition, to open new frontiers of knowledge. It has a proud past, a productive present, and an auspicious future. This survey was requested by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to determine the contemporary nature of solar system exploration and why it remains a compelling activity today. A broad survey of the state of knowledge was requested. In addition NASA asked for the identifcation of the top-level scientific questions to guide its ongoing program and a prioritized list of the most promising avenues for flight investigations and supporting ground-based activities.
New Frontiers in the Study of Social Phenomena: Cognition, Complexity, Adaptation
by Federico CecconiThis book studies social phenomena in a new way, by making judicious use of computer technology. The book addresses the entire spectrum of classic studies in social science, from experiments to the computational models, with a multidisciplinary approach. The book is suitable for those who want to get a picture of what it means to do social research today, and also to get an indication of the major open issues. The book is connected to a database of code for simulations, experimental data and allows to activate a subscription to a teaching tool using NetLogo, a programming language widely used in the social studies. The authors are researchers with first-hand experience research projects, both basic and applied. The work will be useful for those who want to understand more of the social, economic and political phenomena via computer applications.
New Frontiers of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (ICSA Book Series in Statistics)
by Ding-Geng Chen Yichuan ZhaoThis book is comprised of presentations delivered at the 5th Workshop on Biostatistics and Bioinformatics held in Atlanta on May 5-7, 2017. Featuring twenty-two selected papers from the workshop, this book showcases the most current advances in the field, presenting new methods, theories, and case applications at the frontiers of biostatistics, bioinformatics, and interdisciplinary areas.Biostatistics and bioinformatics have been playing a key role in statistics and other scientific research fields in recent years. The goal of the 5th Workshop on Biostatistics and Bioinformatics was to stimulate research, foster interaction among researchers in field, and offer opportunities for learning and facilitating research collaborations in the era of big data. The resulting volume offers timely insights for researchers, students, and industry practitioners.
New Frontiers of Construction Management: Proceedings of CMW 24 (Digital Innovations in Architecture, Engineering and Construction)
by Kalle Kähkönen Marco Alvise Bragadin Emlyn WittThis book comprises the select proceedings of the 3rd Construction Management Workshop (CMW 24), New Frontiers of Construction Management, held in Ravenna, Italy on November 7-8, 2024. It highlights key research topics that could be drivers of change and innovation in the management of the construction and building processes in its various stages, including design, construction, operation and maintenance, disposal and reuse. It represents a contribution to the debate and an introduction to new methods and tools addressing building production and management. The contributions focus on the use of methodologies for Construction Project Management, especially those that have witnessed recent developments because of the digitalization of building processes, the use of Artificial Intelligence and the search for environmental sustainability. Topics include AI and Digitalization of building processes, Building Information Modelling and Built Heritage, Construction Project Management and Lean Construction, Off-site Construction, Occupational Health and Safety management, Environmental impacts, Circular Economy, Low carbon, Life Cycle Assessment in construction projects.
New Frontiers of Multidisciplinary Research in STEAM-H (Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Mathematics, and Health)
by Bourama ToniThis highly multidisciplinary volume contains contributions from leading researchers in STEAM-H disciplines (Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Mathematics and Health). The volume explores new frontiers in multidisciplinary research, including: the mathematics of cardiac arrhythmia; brain research on working memory; penalized ordinal regression to classify melanoma skin samples; forecasting of time series data; dynamics of niche models; analysis of chemical moieties as anticancer agents; study of gene locus control regions; qualitative mathematical modelling; convex quadrics and group circle systems; remanufacturing planning and control; complexity reduction of functional differential equations; computation of viscous interfacial motion; and differentiation in human pluripotent stem cells. An extension of a seminar series at Virginia State University, the collection is intended to foster student interest and participation in interdisciplinary research and to stimulate new research. The content will be of interest to a broad spectrum of scientists, mathematicians and research students working in interdisciplinary fields including the biosciences, mathematics, engineering, neurosciences and behavioral sciences.
New Frontiers of Nanomaterials in Environmental Science
by Rajeev Kumar Raman Kumar Gurpreet KaurThis book provides the detail information about nanoparticles, their types, characterization techniques such as TEM, FESEM, AFM, XRD etc. nanogenotoxicity, metal and metal oxide nanoparticle’s toxicity, physical and chemical characterization of nanomaterials, entry routes, cell-nano interaction studies, possible impacts to the human kind, and on the methods of evaluating the toxicity. It puts together comprehensive and up-to-date information about sustainable approaches in making an eco-friendly environment using advanced nanotechnologies. It educated readers about the new frontiers and scope of employing various state-of-art nano-technologies to clean-up and save our environment. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, environmental biotechnologists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, environmental sciences, environmental engineering and biotechnology.
New Frontiers of Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Materials
by Andreas Öchsner Ali ShokuhfarThe development of nanomaterials opens the possibility for new materials with outstanding properties compared to classical engineering materials. These materials can find applications in different fields such as medical treatment or structural mechanics. This monograph focuses on two major groups of nanomaterials, i.e.nanoparticels and nanocomposites. Nanopartices, for example in the form of hollow particles, allow for new possibilities in drug delivery. Different aspects of nanoparticles ranging from manufacturing to modeling and simulation are covered. Nanocomposite materials are formed by mixing two or more dissimilar materials at the nanoscale in order to control and develop new and improved structures and properties. The properties of nanocomposites depend not only on the individual components used but also on the morphology and the interfacial characteristics. Nanocomposite coatings and materials are one of the most exciting and fastest growing areas of research and novel properties being continuously developed which are previously unknown in the constituent materials. Thus, the second part of this monograph gives an overview on the latest developments in the area of composites and coatings based on nanomaterials.
New Frontiers of Network Analysis in Systems Biology
by Avi Ma'Ayan Ben D. MacarthurThe rapidly developing field of systems biology is influencing many aspects of biological research and is expected to transform biomedicine. Some emerging offshoots and specialized branches in systems biology are receiving particular attention and are becoming highly active areas of research. This collection of invited reviews describes some of the latest cutting-edge experimental and computational advances in these emerging sub-fields of systems biology. In particular, this collection focuses on the study of mammalian embryonic stem cells; new technologies involving mass-spectrometry proteomics; single cell measurements; methods for modeling complex stochastic systems; network-based classification algorithms; and the revolutionary emerging field of systems pharmacology.
New Frontiers: Extracellular Vesicles (Subcellular Biochemistry #97)
by Suresh Mathivanan Pamali Fonseka Christina Nedeva Ishara AtukoralaThe field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has progressed immensely in recent times with evidences highlighting their importance in physiology and pathology. This book entails extensive reflective literature on many subtypes of EVs including exosomes, exomeres, ectosomes, apoptotic vesicles, bacterial EVs and fungal EVs. The book further discusses the biogenesis and secretion of these EVs, detailing the biological pathways and proteins involved. Research investigating the biological functions of EVs is rapidly increasing and the current knowledge around their role in progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders is discussed in multiple chapters. The implications of EVs in intercellular communication and the significance of biologically active cargo carried within these EVs are further examined. Moreover, the numerous applications of EVs in diagnostics and treatment of diseases are reviewed in detail, particularly their potential as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles. Taken together, this book is a compilation of the key implications of EVs that are secreted by virtually all cell types. Readers will gain a perspective into the biology, functions and applications of EVs and their constantly evolving knowledge base.
New Generation Artificial Intelligence-Driven Diagnosis and Maintenance Techniques: Advanced Machine Learning Models, Methods and Applications (Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation #46)
by Xuefeng Chen Xin Huang Guangrui Wen Zihao LeiThe intelligent diagnosis and maintenance of the machine mainly includes condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, performance degradation assessment and remaining useful life prediction, which plays an important role in protecting people's lives and property. In actual engineering scenarios, machine users always hope to use an automatic method to shorten the maintenance cycle and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis and prognosis. In the past decade, Artificial Intelligence applications have flourished in many different fields, which also provide powerful tools for intelligent diagnosis and maintenance. This book highlights the latest advances and trends in new generation artificial intelligence-driven techniques, including knowledge-driven deep learning, transfer learning, adversarial learning, complex network, graph neural network and multi-source information fusion, for diagnosis and maintenance of rotating machinery. Its primary focus is on the utilization of advanced artificial intelligence techniques to monitor, diagnose, and perform predictive maintenance of critical structures and machines, such as aero-engine, gas turbines, wind turbines, and machine tools. The main markets of this book include academic and industrial fields, such as academic institutions, libraries of university, industrial research center. This book is essential reading for faculty members of university, graduate students, and industry professionals in the fields of diagnosis and maintenance.
New Generation Vaccines
by Myron M. LevineHighlighting the latest activities and initiatives of prominent organizations working in the vaccine industry such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, WHO, UNICEF, the World Bank, New Generation Vaccines, Fourth Edition, details steps developing countries have taken toward research, development, manufacture, and regulation of several new vaccines for widespread use.This text will:cover the current state-of-the-art techniques in vaccine development – including the successes and the failurestrace vaccine development from the bench to public health with regard to both FDA and European Union regulationsinvestigate improved methods for immunizing large populations, and the use of needless vaccinationsdiscuss the advancements in the heavily government-funded areas for developing vaccines against potential bioterror and infectious disease agents as well as the immunization of large population bases for diseases like: Anthrax, Smallpox, Ebola, West Nile, SARS, and othersUpdated throughout with new cutting-edge information on recent breakthroughs and developments.NEW TO GENERATION VACCINES, FOURTH EDITION:highlights the latest activities of prominent organizations in the vaccine industrycovers the current techniques in vaccine developmentinvestigates improved methods for immunizing large populations
New Global Ict-Based Business Models (River Publishers Series In Multi Business Model Innovation, Technologies And Sustainable Business Ser.)
by Peter LindgrenThe New Global Business model (NEWGIBM) book describes the background, theory references, case studies, results and learning imparted by the NEWGIBM project, whichis supported by ICT, to a research group during the period from 2005-2011. The book is a result of the efforts and the collaborative work between SMEs, consultancies and researchers across various lines of business, competences and research domains. The book commences with a theoretical discussion of the business model and its innovationliterature and explains how this was a collaborative study by researchers from three Danish Universities. The book continues by describing, analyzing and showing how NEWGIBM was implemented in SMEs in different industrial companies/networks. Based on this effort, the researchers try to describe and analyze the current context, experience of NEWGIBM and finally the emerging scenarios of NEWGIBM.The NEWGIBM book serves as a part of the final evaluation and documentation of the NEWGIBM project and is supported by results from the following projects: M-commerce, Global Innovation, Global Ebusiness & M-commerce, The Blue Ocean project, International Center for Innovation and Women in Business, NEFFICS, which providedinformation about the innovating business models funded by Ministry of Science and Innovation Denmark, Ministry of Economics Denmark, EU Social Fund, EU KASK program and EU 7 Framework program Internet of Things. This book adds new knowledge to the global business models based on ICT.