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Novel Approaches in Biopreservation for Food and Clinical Purposes
by Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez Natalia Gomez-Torres Sara ArbuluThe aim of "Novel Approaches in Biopreservation for Food and Clinical Purposes" is to provide cutting-edge information on biopreservation methods for both food and medical applications. The book has one chapter dedicated to each major food category (milk and dairy, vegetables, meat, fish, bread, flours and beverages) and brief chapters covering preservation approaches for pharmaceuticals, embryos, gametes, cells and tissues. This book assumes a basic understanding of microbiology and food science, aiming to offer an overview of the most commonly and updated techniques currently used, including protective cultures and fermentation starters, bacterial metabolites, essential oils, bacteriophages or endolysins. By presenting this comprehensive overview, the book aims to advance knowledge in the field of biopreservation and foster its implementation in both food and clinical contexts.
Novel Approaches in Metronomic Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment
by Manzoor Ahmad MirThis book provides the latest research and developments in the field of metronomic chemotherapy for breast cancer. It presents the principles and mechanisms of metronomic chemotherapy, preclinical and clinical studies, and the latest developments in drug delivery systems and nanoformulations. The clinical pharmacology of metronomic chemotherapy, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacoeconomics, and adverse drug reactions, are also examined.Key Features: Introduces metronomics therapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of breast cancer Explores the potential of metronomics in terms of personalized chemotherapy Present pharmacological bases of metronomic chemotherapy Covers the latest developments in drug delivery systems, nanotechnology, and nanoformulations Discusses antiangiogenic effects and the impact of metronomics on immunity This book is useful for students, researchers, oncologists, pharmacologists, and healthcare experts interested in understanding the clinical potential of metronomic chemotherapy in breast cancer.
Novel Aspects of Diamond
by Nianjun YangThis book focuses on new research fields of diamond, from its growth to applications. It covers growth of atomically flat diamond films, properties and applications of diamond nanoparticles, diamond nanoparticles based electrodes and their applications for energy storage and conversion (supercapacitors, CO2 conversion etc. ). Diamond for biomimetic interface, all electrochemical devices for in vivo detections and photo-electrochemical degradation of environmental hazards are highlighted.
Novel Aspects of Diamond II: Science and Technology (Topics in Applied Physics #149)
by Nianjun Yang Soumen MandalThis edited book covers a wide range of novel scientific and engineering aspects of diamond films produced from chemical vapor deposition. It focuses on the most recent developments and achievements in this rapidly growing field from scientists and engineers across the domains of chemistry, biology, medicine, physics, and semiconductor engineering.The latest volume of this consistently well-cited book brings an updated, systematic review of the latest developments in diamond research and application. Featuring contributed chapters from a mix of highly-active international researchers, this new edition presents recent research focusing on topics such as diamond for thermal management in high-power electronics, diamond MOSFETs, water treatment, application of machine learning for nanodiamonds, theoretical aspects of diamond growth, current trends in emerging diamond technologies, and the growth of doped single-crystal diamond. This book is especially appealing to interdisciplinary researchers and industry professionals working on advanced diamond devices and applications, as well as theoretical and computational methods for predicting and designing new diamond materials.
Novel Aspects of Diamond: From Growth to Applications (Topics in Applied Physics #121)
by Nianjun YangThis book is in honor of the contribution of Professor Xin Jiang (Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Germany) to diamond. The objective of this book is to familiarize readers with the scientific and engineering aspects of CVD diamond films and to provide experienced researchers, scientists, and engineers in academia and industry with the latest developments and achievements in this rapidly growing field. This 2nd edition consists of 14 chapters, providing an updated, systematic review of diamond research, ranging from its growth, and properties up to applications. The growth of single-crystalline and doped diamond films is included. The physical, chemical, and engineering properties of these films and diamond nanoparticles are discussed from theoretical and experimental aspects. The applications of various diamond films and nanoparticles in the fields of chemistry, biology, medicine, physics, and engineering are presented.
Novel Bio-nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications (Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials)
by Susheel Kalia Vijay Kumar Santosh K. Tiwari Kashma SharmaThis book presents a comprehensive overview of bio-nanocomposites, from the fundamentals to emerging biomedical applications. Bio-nanocomposites have established themselves as a promising class of hybrid materials derived from natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers and organic/inorganic fillers. Different compositions can, therefore, lead to different applications based on the desired performance. This book introduces a variety of biopolymer nanocomposites, from their synthesis to their structure and applications. The fundamentals and systematic advancements in synthesizing bio-nanocomposites and their characterizations have been highlighted. In addition, the biocompatible and bridgeable properties of bio-nanocomposites are investigated in terms of functionalization, dispersion, and surface manipulation. This book also provides insights into the most recent research in bio-nanocomposites as applied to biomedical fields, including tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, food packaging, agriculture, sensors, and therapies. Finally, the book proposes future prospects and challenges associated with bio-nanocomposites to achieve the desired performance in targeted biomedical applications. Given its scope, this book interests students, academics, and researchers working on the synthesis, biological applications, and pharmaceutical uses of biopolymers and associated nanocomposites.
Novel Biological and Biotechnological Applications in Plant Nematode Management
by Mujeebur Rahman KhanThe volume focuses on novel and effective biological and biotechnological methods for managing major plant parasitic nematodes in economically important agricultural crops. Nematodes develop a wide variety of interactions with soil microbes and host plants, and cause enormous losses in crop yields equivalent to around USD 173 billion annually. In view of growing concern for pesticide contamination in crops, coupled with ban on several efficacious pesticides, and increasing demand for organic foods, the biological and biotechnological approaches offer a good alternative to chemicals for managing nematode infestations in agricultural crops. The book embodies twenty-two chapters which are arranged in two groups. The first group covers different novel methods of nematode management such as biotechnological, biopesticides, microbial consortia, host resistance, omics technology, transgenics, nano-nematicides, nano-diagnosis, etc. The second groups of chapters describe important nematode problems in major crops such as cereals, vegetables, pulses, spices, wood yielding conifers, etc. Overall, the book collates the latest information on above topics and offers practical solutions to the limitations and challenges in the existing management technologies. This book is of interest and serves up-to-date and elaborated information to agriculture researchers, teachers, scientists, under-graduates, post-graduates, plant nematologists, plant pathologists, plant protectionists, agronomists, horticulturalists, helminthologists, extension workers, and NGOs.
Novel Biomaterials
by Shalini Srivastava Pritee GoyalCurrent research revolves around trends to bring technology into harmony with the natural environment and in order to protect the ecosystem. Bioremediation involves processes which reduce the overall treatment costs by using agricultural residues. Regeneration of the biosorbent further increases the cost effectiveness of the process, thus warranting its future success in solving water quality problems. Special emphasis is paid to chemical modifications resulting in tailored novel biomaterials which improve its sorption efficiency and environmental stability. In this way it can be used commercially as a simple, fast, economical, ecofriendly green technology, for the removal of toxic metals from waste water particularly in rural and remote areas of the country.
Novel Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1077)
by Heung Jae Chun Kwideok Park Chun-Ho Kim Gilson KhangThis book explores in depth a wide range of new biomaterials that hold great promise for applications in regenerative medicine. The opening two sections are devoted to biomaterials designed to direct stem cell fate and regulate signaling pathways. Diverse novel functional biomaterials, including injectable nanocomposite hydrogels, electrosprayed nanoparticles, and waterborne polyurethane-based materials, are then discussed. The fourth section focuses on inorganic biomaterials, such as nanobioceramics, hydroxyapatite, and titanium dioxide. Finally, up-to-date information is provided on a wide range of smart natural biomaterials, ranging from silk fibroin-based scaffolds and collagen type I to chitosan, mussel-inspired biomaterials, and natural polymeric scaffolds. This is one of two books to be based on contributions from leading experts that were delivered at the 2018 Asia University Symposium on Biomedical Engineering in Seoul, Korea – the companion book examines in depth the latest enabling technologies for regenerative medicine.
Novel Bioremediation Processes for Treatment of Seleniferous Soils and Sediment (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Shrutika Laxmikant WadgaonkarThe aim of this Ph.D. was to develop a technology for the remediation of seleniferous soils/sediments and to explore microbial reduction of selenium oxyanions under different respiration conditions and bioreactor configurations. Seleniferous soil collected from the wheat-grown agricultural land in Punjab (India) was characterized and its soil washing was optimized by varying parameters, where addition of oxidizing agents showed a maximum selenium removal efficiency. Aquatic plants, Lemna minor and Egeria densa were used to study phytoremediation of the selenium-rich soil leachate containing oxidizing agents. Additionally, migration of the soluble selenium fraction from the upper to the lower layers and its subsequent reduction and accumulation in the lower layers of the soil column was observed during soil flushing. Furthermore, the soil leachate containing selenium oxyanions obtained from soil washing was treated in a UASB reactor by varying the organic feed. Ex situ bioremediation of selenium oxyanions was studied under variable conditions. An aerobic bacterium (Delftia lacustris) capable of transforming selenate and selenite to elemental selenium was isolated and characterized. Anaerobic bioreduction of selenate coupled to methane oxidation was investigated in serum bottles and a biotrickling filter using marine sediment as inoculum. Finally, the effect of contamination of other chalcogen oxyanions (tellurium) on selenium bioreduction was studied in a continuous system (UASB reactor).
Novel Bismuth-Oxyhalide-Based Materials and their Applications
by Mohammed A. Gondal Chang Xiaofeng Mohamed A. DastageerThis book provides a comprehensive overview of a series of bismuth oxyhalide compounds of BiOX (X=F, Cl, Br, I), in terms of their microstructure, electronic/band structure, preparation techniques, optical properties and their applications. The book brings together, for the first time, a compilation of advances in this area, including results achieved at the authors' lab (such as ultra-microscopy characterization by means of aberration-corrected STEM), offering a valuable guide for researchers and students alike.
Novel Carrier Systems for Targeted and Controlled Drug Delivery
by Keerti Jain Awesh K. YadavThe book presents novel carrier systems for the targeted and controlled drug delivery for the treatment of various diseases which are difficult to be treated with conventional drug delivery systems like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and emerging infectious diseases. It also reviews the origins and applications of stimuli-responsive polymer systems and polymer therapeutics such as polymer-protein and polymer-drug conjugates. The book also explores the potential applications of the parenteral route of administration for the delivery of active pharmaceutical substances with a narrow therapeutic index and poor bioavailability. Further, the book presents common routes of administration for the systemic delivery of peptides and proteins. It also examines the applications of various implantable systems in drug delivery. The book also covers the important colloidal drug delivery systems, including liposomes and niosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. Towards,the end, the book discusses the therapeutic potential of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery. Authoritative and thorough, this book is a valuable resource for researchers working on a multidisciplinary approach to employing drug delivery systems.
Novel Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation of Organic Pollutants
by Süheyda Atalay Gülin ErsözThis brief summarizes the role of certain catalysts and associated processes that are involved in the reduction or elimination of hazardous substances from wastewater and the exploitation of renewable raw materials. The authors begin by providing a summary of the most recent developments in catalysts used in the advanced oxidation of organic pollutants in aqueous phase. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPS) are described in terms of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Some emphasis is placed on the role nanocatalysts, perovskite-type catalysts, and green catalysts play in several AOPs such as Fenton Chemistry, photocatalytic oxidation, and the hybrid technologies that combine different processes. Catalyst preparation, characterization, reaction chemistry, and process technology are described. Specific wastewater case studies which illustrate the role of these catalysts in AOPs completes the brief.
Novel Chemical Tools to Study Ion Channel Biology
by Christopher Ahern Stephan PlessThis volume describes chemical approaches to assess ion channel structure, function and pharmacology. Topics discussed include the use of engineered ionizable side chains to obtain information on permeation pathways and the local environment; the modification of engineered cysteine side chains, including cysteine scanning mutagenesis and the attachment of fluorescent probes and bio-reactive tethers; and the nascent use of genetic code expansion, evaluating its applications to ion channel and membrane proteins. This comprehensive text provides multifaceted perspectives on the great diversity of state-of-the-art methods which take advantage of the ever-expanding chemical toolbox to study ion channel biology. Capturing the contributions and innovations of renowned laboratory researchers in transmembrane protein study for the first time, this book is comprehensive in scope. It covers a wide array of experimental approaches: photochemistry, novel biological tools, and innovative spectroscopy, all combined with traditional techniques of electrophysiology and molecular biology. Novel Chemical Tools to Study Ion Channel Biology, part of the bestselling Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology series is ideal for researchers and advanced students interested in biochemistry, biophysics, fluorometry, electrophysiology, and chemical biology. .
Novel Colloidal Forming of Ceramics
by Yong Huang Jinlong YangThis book discusses several new, near-net-shape techniques for fabricating highly reliable, high-performance, complex ceramic parts. In the context of materials design, the creation of high-performance ceramic products of desired shapes has led to the need for new ceramic forming processes. The near-net-shape techniques combine both injection-molding and colloidal-forming processes. Reviewing and summarizing the research and latest advances, the book is divided into 6 parts: (1) the basic theory, development, and application of the colloidal injection molding of ceramics; (2) the tape casting technology; (3) the reliability of the product; (4) the colloidal injection molding of Si3N4 and SiC; (5) low-toxicity systems; and (6) the novel in-situ coagulation casting of ceramic suspensions via controlled release of high-valence counter ions and dispersant removal. It is intended for researchers and graduates in materials science and engineering.
Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development
by Avinash K Agarwal Ashok Pandey Ashwani K. Gupta Suresh K. Aggarwal Abhijit KushariThis book comprises research studies of novel work on combustion for sustainable energy development. It offers an insight into a few viable novel technologies for improved, efficient and sustainable utilization of combustion-based energy production using both fossil and bio fuels. Special emphasis is placed on micro-scale combustion systems that offer new challenges and opportunities. The book is divided into five sections, with chapters from 3-4 leading experts forming the core of each section. The book should prove useful to a variety of readers, including students, researchers, and professionals.
Novel Concepts in Catalysis and Chemical Reactors: Improving the Efficiency for the Future
by Andrzej Cybulski et al.The chemical process industry faces a tremendous challenge of supplying a growing and ever more demanding global population with the products we need. The average efficiency at which resources are converted into the final products is however still dramatically low. The most obvious solution is to carry out chemical conversions at much higher yields and selectivity and this is where active and selective catalysts and efficient chemical reactors play a crucial role. Written by an international team of highly experienced editors and authors from academia and industry, this ready reference focuses on how to enhance the efficiency of catalysts and reactors. It treats key topics such as molecular modeling, zeolites, MOFs, catalysis at room temperature, biocatalysis, catalysis for sustainability, structured reactors including membrane and microchannel reactors, switching from batch to continuous reactors, application of alternative energies and process intensification. By including recent achievements and trends, the book provides an up-to-date insight into the most important developments in the field of industrial catalysis and chemical reactor engineering. In addition, several ways of improving efficiency, selectivity, activity and improved methods for scale-up, modeling and design are presented in a compact manner.
Novel Concepts, Systems and Technology for Sludge Management in Emergency and Slum Settings (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Peter Matuku MawiooManagement of sludge is one of the most pressing issues in sanitation provision. The situation is especially complex when large quantities of fresh sludge containing various contaminants are generated in onsite sanitation systems in urban slums, emergency settlements and wastewater treatment facilities that require proper disposal of the sludge. The application of fast and efficient sludge management methods is important under these conditions. This study focused on the development of an innovative sludge treatment unit that is based on the microwave irradiation technology. The technology provides a rapid and efficient option for sludge treatment in isolated conditions such as slum, emergency, and similar situations. The microwave based technology forms part of the eSOS (emergency sanitation operation system) concept that promotes an integrated sanitation approach in which all components of the entire sanitation chain are planned holistically. Besides, the study addresses the deficiencies associated with the poor choice of emergency sanitation technology options by proposing a methodology that is based on compensatory multi-criteria analysis. This study contributes in providing solutions towards improved sanitation in complex scenarios, especially the management of faecal sludge in emergency and slum conditions.
Novel Coronavirus 2019: In-silico Vaccine Design and Drug Discovery (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Amit Kumar G. Jyothsna Amita Kashyap Ajit Kumar Saxena Gwo Giun LeeThis book highlights the genomic findings, observations, and analysis of DNA/RNA sequences and protein structure of the dreadful virus of this decade- COVID-19. The Corona group of viruses though known species, the strain that caused the Pandemic of 2019 is a completely new strain, belonging to the same corona family with a novel genetic make-up. This makes it a new pathogen which is causing the current outbreak leaving the global scientific community clueless of any therapeutic breakthrough. NCOV enjoys life threatening pathogenicity with mysterious genetic annotations. This book details and offers insights into its viral genetic arrangement, Virulence factors, probable mutations leading to the evolution of this new strain and more. It contains chapters on Virus evolutionary status and Genetic makeup leading to its pathogenicity which can be a new insight in understanding the nature of this clever microorganism and can pave way to the development of new drugs and Vaccines or a novel diagnostic approach for the early prognosis of the disease. A dedicated chapter on annotation of NCOV-19 virulence genes, translation of the genes to protein product, annotation of the antigenic sites on these proteins is also included. In all, this brief is a complete genomic annotation insight of NCOV-19 using AI, Data analytics and Bioinformatics analysis. In the current situation, this book is an extensive preliminary resource for Medical practitioners, Researchers, Academicians, Scientists, Biochemists, Bioinformaticians and other professionals interested in understanding the genetics of Novel Coronavirus 19, the best possible drug targets, ideal vaccine candidates and novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
Novel Cosmetic Delivery Systems (Cosmetic Science And Technology Ser. #19)
by Shlomo Magdassi Elka Touitou"Highlights the uses of delivery systems in cosmetics, analyzing new approaches for obtaining sophisticated cosmetic products and examining the most common methods for enhancing the skin's penetration properties. Covers a wide range of established and burgeoning techniques."
Novel Delivery Systems for Transdermal and Intradermal Drug Delivery
by Ryan F. Donnelly Thakur Raghu SinghThis research book covers the major aspects relating to the use of novel delivery systems in enhancing both transdermal and intradermal drug delivery. It provides a review of transdermal and intradermal drug delivery, including the history of the field and the various methods employed to produce delivery systems from different materials such as device design, construction and evaluation, so as to provide a sound background to the use of novel systems in enhanced delivery applications. Furthermore, it presents in-depth analyses of recent developments in this exponentially growing field, with a focus on microneedle arrays, needle-free injections, nanoparticulate systems and peptide-carrier-type systems. It also covers conventional physical enhancement strategies, such as tape-stripping, sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation and thermal/suction/laser ablation Discussions about the penetration of the stratum corneum by the various novel strategies highlight the importance of the application method. Comprehensive and critical reviews of transdermal and intradermal delivery research using such systems focus on the outcomes of in vivo animal and human studies. The book includes laboratory, clinical and commercial case studies featuring safety and patient acceptability studies carried out to date, and depicts a growing area for use of these novel systems is in intradermal vaccine delivery. The final chapters review recent patents in this field and describe the work ongoing in industry.
Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower
by Peter Rutschmann Ismail Albayrak Eleftheria Kampa Christian Wolter Laurent David Ulli Stoltz Martin SchlettererThis open access book presents (selected) new and innovative developments for sustainable and fish-friendly hydropower. It offers unique insights into the challenges, practices and policies of hydropower developments across 8 European countries, providing examples from on-site studies and European-wide analyses. The case studies throughout the book are practical “real-world” examples, which are intended to serve as inspiration for anyone who would like to know more about how solutions for more sustainable hydropower production can be designed and implemented. Hydropower is an important renewable energy source, which, however, can also impact aquatic ecosystems, fish populations and hydro-morphology. EU and national water, environmental and energy legislation strive for sustainable energy and water resource management as well as the protection of important habitats and species. These have an effect on the requirements and decision making processes for hydropower planning, commissioning and operation. With a high variety of measures existing and site-specific conditions as well as national and EU level legal requirements to consider, it can be difficult to determine, what issues to address and which measures to implement.
Novel Devices Based on Relaxor Ferroelectric PMN-PT Single Crystals (Springer Theses)
by Huajing FangThis book explores the applications of ferroelectric materials in information technology by developing several prototype devices based on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals. It describes how an optothermal field-effect transistor (FET) was constructed on the PMN-26PT single crystal, using a MoS2 monolayer as the channel semiconductor material. This fusion of pyroelectric effect and the interface engineering of 2D materials provides an effective strategy for the ‘photon revolution’ of FET. An ultra-broadband photodetector (UV ~ THz) was monolithically integrated into a [111]-oriented PMN-28PT single crystal by using silver nanowires in the transparent top electrode. The photodetector showed a dramatic improvement in operation frequency up to 3 kHz: an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional pyroelectric photodetectors. A self-powered integrated module was demonstrated through the combination of a triboelectric nanogenerator and a ferroelectric FET. The stored information can easily be written in the memory system using mechanical energy, solving the power consumption problem with regard to information writing in ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. This book extends the applications of ferroelectric single crystals into areas other than piezoelectric devices, paving the way for exciting future developments.
Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents
by Madhu Gupta Durgesh Nandini Chauhan Vikas Sharma Nagendra Singh ChauhanNovel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents discusses general principles of drug targeting, construction material and technological concerns of different phytoconstituent in delivery systems. It focuses on the development of novel herbal formulations and summarizes their method of preparation, type of active ingredients, route of administration, biological activity and their applications. It dicusses therapeutic activities of plant derived chemicals, their limitations in clinical applications and novel drug delivery solutions to overcome them to provide better therapeutic effects with controlled and targeted drug delivery. Focus on drug delivery of phytomolecules Act as bridge between natural product scientist and clinical doctors Discusses mechanism of poor bioavailability of herbal molecules Increases awareness towards phytochemical efficacy Summarizes efficient novel delivery systems-based formulations. It extensively covers the applications of novel drug delivery systems including polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid capsules, liposomes, phytosomes, microsphere, transferosomes, and ethosomes. Some chapters are especially focused on anticancer phytodrugs, silymarin, andrographolide, berberine, and curcumin delivery with special emphasis on their application.
Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Fundamentals and Applications
by Mehrdad Hamidi Mahsa Sayed TabatabaeiThis book serves as a unique resource on the field of novel drug delivery systems (NDDSs), catering to both academic audiences (researchers, teachers, students) and industry professionals (pharmaceutical policymakers, managers, R&D, regulatory, business development, and marketing) involved in NDDSs. The evolving nature of diseases and the emergence of new health complications have driven a significant shift in drug therapy. Coupled with changes in human lifestyles and economic conditions, these factors have compelled the pharmaceutical industry to develop novel, efficient, and affordable drug products. The rise of promising technologies aimed at enhancing therapeutic performance further underscores the importance of novel drug delivery systems (NDDSs), making this field one of the most dynamic in pharmaceutical sciences today. This book offers a comprehensive exploration of NDDS applications, catering to both academic and industry professionals. It is designed to be both user-friendly and thorough, meeting the needs of diverse readers—from those seeking practical insights to those delving deeply into the field’s various sectors. The content has been meticulously compiled, organized, and analyzed by a team of experts to ensure accuracy, relevance, and currency. The book provides up-to-date information suitable for a broad audience, reflecting the wide scope of the NDDS field. The first section covers the foundational principles of NDDS, including their scientific and therapeutic basis, as well as the epidemiological and economic trends driving their development. Subsequent sections explore market-oriented aspects, such as global trends and projections. Chapters 3 to 12 present a taxonomy of NDDS categorized by their routes of administration. The book concludes with a forward-looking report on the potential future directions of NDDS. Written in clear, concise language, the book is accessible to non-native English readers, ensuring broad usability. Original figures, created by experts with scientific and graphic design expertise, enhance the reading experience and aid in understanding complex concepts. Audience A wide variety of professional readers from universities and other research institutions to health industries (industrial pharmaceutical and related), to the relevant high-tech startups to health and pharma policymakers and managers will be among the audiences of this book.