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Nuclear and Particle Physics (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
by Wolfgang DemtröderThis introduction to nuclear physics and particle physics provides an accessible and clear treatment of the fundamentals. Starting with the structure of nuclei and explaining instability of nuclei, this textbook enables the reader to understand all basics in nuclear physics. The text is written from the experimental physics point of view, giving numerous real-life examples and applications of nuclear forces in modern technology. This highly motivating presentation deepens the reader's knowledge in a very accessible way. The second part of the text gives a concise introduction to elementary particle physics, again together with applications and instrumentation. Nuclear fusion, fission, radionuclides in medicine and particle accelerators are amongst the many examples explained in detail. Numerous problems with solutions are perfect for self-study.
Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction (Cambridge Monographs On Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics And Cosmology Ser. #25)
by Graham Shaw Brian R. MartinUpdated and expanded edition of this well-known Physics textbook provides an excellent Undergraduate introduction to the field This new edition of Nuclear and Particle Physics continues the standards established by its predecessors, offering a comprehensive and highly readable overview of both the theoretical and experimental areas of these fields. The updated and expanded text covers a very wide range of topics in particle and nuclear physics, with an emphasis on the phenomenological approach to understanding experimental data. It is one of the few publications currently available that gives equal treatment to both fields, while remaining accessible to undergraduates. Early chapters cover basic concepts of nuclear and particle physics, before describing their respective phenomenologies and experimental methods. Later chapters interpret data through models and theories, such as the standard model of particle physics, and the liquid drop and shell models of nuclear physics, and also discuss many applications of both fields. The concluding two chapters deal with practical applications and outstanding issues, including extensions to the standard model, implications for particle astrophysics, improvements in medical imaging, and prospects for power production. There are a number of useful appendices. Other notable features include: New or expanded coverage of developments in relevant fields, such as the discovery of the Higgs boson, recent results in neutrino physics, research to test theories beyond the standard model (such as supersymmetry), and important technical advances, such as Penning traps used for high-precision measurements of nuclear masses. Practice problems at the end of chapters (excluding the last chapter) with solutions to selected problems provided in an appendix, as well as an extensive list of references for further reading. Companion website with solutions (odd-numbered problems for students, all problems for instructors), PowerPoint lecture slides, and other resources. As with previous editions, the balanced coverage and additional resources provided, makes Nuclear and Particle Physics an excellent foundation for advanced undergraduate courses, or a valuable general reference text for early graduate studies.
Nuclear and Radiochemistry
by Karl Heinrich Lieser Jens-Volker KratzThe third edition of this classic in the field is completely updated and revised with approximately 30% new content so as to include the latest developments.The handbook and ready reference comprehensively covers nuclear and radiochemistry in a well-structured and readily accessible manner, dealing with the theory and fundamentals in the first half, followed by chapters devoted to such specific topics as nuclear energy and reactors, radiotracers, and radionuclides in the life sciences. The result is a valuable resource for both newcomers as well as established scientists in the field.
Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications
by Jens-Volker KratzThe leading resource for anyone looking for an accessible and authoritative introduction to nuclear and radiochemistry In the newly revised Fourth Edition of Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications, distinguished chemist Jens-Volker Kratz delivers a two-volume handbook that has become the gold standard in teaching and learning nuclear and radiochemistry. The books cover the theory and fundamentals of the subject before moving on the technical side of nuclear chemistry, with coverage of nuclear energy, nuclear reactors, and radionuclides in the life sciences. This latest edition discusses the details and impact of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disasters, as well as new research facilities, including FAIR and HIM. It also incorporates new methods for target preparation and new processes for nuclear fuel recycling, like EURO-GANEX. Finally, the volumes extensively cover environmental technological advances and the effects of radioactivity on the environment. Readers will also find: - An accessible and thorough introduction to the fundamental concepts of nuclear physics and chemistry, including atomic processes, classical mechanics, relativistic mechanics, and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - Comprehensive explorations of radioactivity in nature, radioelements, radioisotopes and their atomic masses, and other physical properties of nuclei - Practical discussions of the nuclear force, nuclear structure, decay modes, radioactive decay kinetics, and nuclear radiation - In-depth examinations of the statistical considerations relevant to radioactivity measurements Written for practicing nuclear chemists and atomic physicists, Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications is also an indispensable resource for nuclear physicians, power engineers, and professionals working in the nuclear industry.
Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery
by Gerrit Viljoen Ivancho Naletoski Anthony G. LuckinsThis Open Access volume explains how major nuclear and radiological emergencies (NREs) can have implications at local, national and international level. The response to NREs requires a competent decision-making structure, clear communication and effective information exchange. National veterinary services have the responsibility to plan, design and manage animal production system in their countries. These activities cover animal health, animal movement control, production control and improvement, and control of the products of animal origin before their placement on the market. Release of radionuclides after NREs can cause substantial contamination in the animal production systems. Critical responsibility of veterinary authorities is therefore to prevent such contamination, establish early response mechanisms to mitigate the consequences and prevent placement of contaminated products of animal origin on the market for human consumption. This work summarizes the critical technical points for effective management of NREs for national veterinary services.
Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Terrorism: Emergency Response and Public Protection
by Mark E. Byrnes David A. King Philip M. Tierno Jr.This book provides guidance on measures that should be considered to protect human lives from terrorist activities involving nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. It provides a historical summary of the development and use of these weapons, and continues with a detailed discussion of the types of radiation and warfare agents that are available
Nuclear, Chromosomal, and Genomic Architecture in Biology and Medicine (Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation #70)
by Jacek Z. Kubiak Malgorzata KlocThis volume reviews the latest research on the functional implications of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic organization and architecture on cell and organismal biology, and development and progression of diseases.The architecture of the cell nucleus and non-random arrangement of chromosomes, genes, and the non-membranous nuclear bodies in the three-dimensional (3D) space alters in response to the environmental, mechanical, chemical, and temporal cues. The changes in the nuclear, chromosomal, or genomic compaction and configuration modify the gene expression program and induce or inhibit epigenetic modifications. The intrinsically programmed rearrangements of the nuclear architecture are necessary for cell differentiation, the establishment of cell fate during development and maturation of tissues and organs including the immune, muscle, and nervous systems.The non-programmed changes in the nuclear architecture can lead to fragmentation of the nucleus and instability of the genome and thus cause cancer. Microbial and viral infections can lead to a clustering of centromeres, telomeres and ribosomal DNA and alter the properties of the nuclear membrane, allowing large immobile macromolecules to enter the nucleus. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies combined with nucleus/chromosome conformation capture, super-resolution imaging, chromosomal contact maps methods, integrative modeling, and genetic approaches, are uncovering novel features and importance of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic architecture. This book is an interesting read for cell biologists, researchers studying the structure and function of chromosomes, and anyone else who wants to get an overview of the field of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic architecture.
Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Transport (Nucleic Acids And Molecular Biology Ser. #33)
by Weidong YangDysfunction of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport systems has been associated with many human diseases. Thus, understanding of how functional this transport system maintains, or through dysfunction fails to maintain remains the core question in cell biology. In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope (NE) separates the genetic transcription in the nucleus from the translational machinery in the cytoplasm. Thousands of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded on the NE selectively mediate the bidirectional trafficking of macromolecules such as RNAs and proteins between these two cellular compartments. In this book, the authors integrate recent progress on the structure of NPC and the mechanism of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport system in vitro and in vivo.
Nucleares, ¿por qué no?: Cómo afrontar el futuro de la energía
by Manuel Lozano LeyvaUna visión global del problema energético y de la necesidad de reabrir el debate sobre la energía nuclear. El futuro de la energía es uno de los mayores retos del siglo XXI. Los combustibles fósiles se acaban y son muy contaminantes, las energías renovables aún están en desarrollo y la controvertida energía nuclear vive en el alambre: está sujeta a una moratoria en países como España o Alemania, se ha prohibido en algunos y es clave en otros como Francia y Suecia. Lozano Leyva se enfrenta, con este libro, a los prejuicios que a menudo impiden un debate sereno e informado, y nos habla de la energía nuclear sin eludir sus aspectos más espinosos: su historia, su papel en la naturaleza, su uso militar y pacífico, los problemas de residuos, seguridad, contaminación y proliferación. Es un libro que no está a favor ni en contra de la energía nuclear, sino que defiende la necesidad de información veraz a fin de que cada uno pueda tener su propia opinión en una cuestión clave para nuestras sociedades. «Uno de nuestros mejores cerebros.»ABC
Nuclease Methods and Protocols
by Catherine H. ScheinScientists at the forefront of academic research and pharmaceutical drug development offer their well-polished methodologies for protein nucleases that can be used to determine their activity, structure, interaction with other molecules, and physiological role. Protocols range from methods for characterizing nucleases, to correlating nuclease structure and function, to the use of nucleases in cloning. Recombinant techniques for expressing and isolating nucleases are covered, as well as methods specific for dealing with protein/nucleic acid complexes. Each chapter contains a minireview of a specific nuclease or nuclease-related theme, a discussion of why and when to use the assay in question, and an explanation of the thinking that went into its development. Comprehensive and highly practical, Nuclease Methods and Protocols offers both novice and experienced researchers a deeper understanding of their importance in cell metabolism, growth control mechanisms, and, increasingly, in diagnostics and therapeutics.
Nucleation Theory
by V. I. KalikmanovOne of the most striking phenomena in condensed matter physics is the occurrence of abrupt transitions in the structure of a substance at certain temperatures or pressures. These are first order phase transitions, and examples such as the freezing of water are familiar in everyday life. The conditions at which the transformation takes place can sometimes vary. For example, the freezing point of water is not always 0°C, but the liquid can be supercooled considerably if it is pure enough and treated carefully. The reason for this phenomenon is nucleation. This monograph covers all major available routes of theoretical research of nucleation phenomena (phenomenological models, semi-phenomenological theories, density functional theories, microscopic and semi-microscopic approaches), with emphasis on the formation of liquid droplets from a metastable vapor. Also, it illustrates the application of these various approaches to experimentally relevant problems. In spite of the familiarity of the involved phenomena, it is still impossible to calculate nucleation accurately, as the properties and the kinetics of the daughter phase are insufficiently well known. Existing theories based upon classical nucleation theory have on the whole explained the trends in behavior correctly. However they often fail spectacularly to account for new data, in particular in the case of binary or, more generally, multi-component nucleation. The current challenge of this book is to go beyond such classical models and provide a more satisfactory theory by using density functional theory and microscopic computer simulations in order to describe the properties of small clusters. Also, semi-phenomenological models are proposed, which attempt to relate the properties of small clusters to known properties of the bulk phases. This monograph is an introduction as well as a compendium to researchers in soft condensed matter physics and chemical physics, graduate and post-graduate students in physics and chemistry starting on research in the area of nucleation, and to experimentalists wishing to gain a better understanding of the efforts being made to account for their data.
Nucleation and Crystal Growth: Metastability of Solutions and Melts
by Keshra SangwalA unique text presenting practical information on the topic of nucleation and crystal growth processes from metastable solutions and melts Nucleation and Crystal Growth is a groundbreaking text thatoffers an overview and description of the processes and phenomena associated with metastability of solutions and melts. The author—a noted expert in the field—puts the emphasis on low-temperature solutions that are typically involved in crystallization in a wide range of industries. The text begins with a review of the basic knowledge of solutions and the fundamentals of crystallization processes. The author then explores topics related to the metastable state of solutions and melts from the standpoint of three-dimensional nucleation and crystal growth. Nucleation and Crystal Growth is the first text that contains a unified description and discussion of the many processes and phenomena occurring in the metastable zone of solutions and melts from the consideration of basic concepts of structure of crystallization. This important text: Outlines an interdisciplinary approach to the topic and offers an essential guide for crystal growth practitioners in materials science, physics, and chemical engineering Contains a comprehensive content that details the crystallization processes starting from the initial solutions and melts, all the way through nucleation, to the final crystal products Presents a unique focus and is the first book on understanding, and exploiting, metastability of solutions and melts in crystallization processes Written for specialists and researchers in the fields of materials science, condensed matter physics, and chemical engineering. Nucleation and Crystal Growth is a practical resource filled with hands-on knowledge of nucleation and crystal growth processes from metastable solutions and melts.
Nucleation of Gas Hydrates
by Nobuo MaedaThis book introduces readers to experimental techniques of general utility that can be used to practically and reliably determine nucleation rates. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation.The formation of gas hydrates is a first-order phase transition that begins with nucleation. Understanding nucleation is of interest to many working in the chemical and petroleum industry, since nucleation, while beneficial in many chemical processes, is also a concern in terms of flow assurance for oil and natural gas pipelines. A primary difficulty in the investigation of gas hydrate nucleation has been researchers’ inability to determine and compare the nucleation rates of gas hydrates across systems with different scales and levels of complexity, which in turn has limited their ability to study the nucleation process itself.This book introduces readers to experimental techniques that can be used to practically and reliably determine the nucleation rates of gas hydrate systems. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation.
Nucleation of Particles from the Gas Phase
by Steven L. GirshickFormation of small solid and liquid particles is vital for a variety of natural and technological phenomena, from the evolution of the universe, through atmospheric air pollution and global climate change. Despite its importance, nucleation is still not well understood, and this unique book addresses that need. It develops the theory of nucleation from first principles in a comprehensive and clear way, and uniquely brings together classical theory with contemporary atomistic approaches. Important real-world situations are considered, and insight is given into cases typically not considered such as particle formation in flames and plasmas. Written by an author with more than 35 years of experience in the field, this will be an invaluable reference for senior undergraduates and graduate students in a number of disciplines, as well as for researchers in fields ranging from climate science and astrophysics to design of systems for semiconductor processing and materials synthesis.
Nuclei in the Cosmos XV (Springer Proceedings in Physics #219)
by Alba Formicola Matthias Junker Lucio Gialanella Gianluca ImbrianiThese peer-reviewed NIC XV conference proceedings present the latest major advances in nuclear physics, astrophysics, astronomy, cosmochemistry and neutrino physics, which provide the necessary framework for a microscopic understanding of astrophysical processes. The book also discusses future directions and perspectives in the various fields of nuclear astrophysics research. In addition, it also includes a limited number of section of more general interest on double beta decay and dark matter.
Nuclei in the Cosmos: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Nuclear Astrophysics, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, 6-10 July 1992
by F Käppeler K Wisshak Kernforschungszentrum KarlsruheNuclei in the Cosmos, a volume of conference papers, gathers together astronomers, astrophysicists, and nuclear physicists for a thorough discussion of nucleosynthesis, its role in the evolution of the universe, and its intriguing possibilities as a diagnostic tool for stellar interiors. Nineteen invited papers provide a solid review of nucleosynthesis topics, and approximately another 70 papers bring you up-to-date on the forefront of research in this quickly-developing area.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Strategies for Biosensing, Bioimaging and Biomedicine
by Shusheng Zhang Sai Bi Xinyue SongThis book describes the rational design, development and application of nucleic acid amplification strategies for biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine. It consists of fifteen chapters demonstrating the use of these strategies in various areas, including fluorescence techniques, Chemiluminescence biosensors, electrochemiluminescence biosensors, colorimetric assays, surface plasmon resonance technologies, electrochemical DNA sensors, photoelectrochemical biosensor, nanopore sensors, quartz crystal microbalance, fluorescence imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in vitro and in vivo metal ions detection, theranostics and microdroplet chips. Offering a collection of reviews illustrating the latest advances in biochemical analysis and therapeutics, the book shares valuable insights into current challenges and future prospects, making it a valuable resource for a wide readership in the various fields of biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine.
Nucleic Acid Aptamers: Selection, Characterization, and Application (Methods in Molecular Biology #2570)
by Günter Mayer Marcus M. MengerThis updated book reflects improvements in a variety of techniques used to study the aptamer field. Beginning with a section on selection procedures, the volume continues with methods to characterize aptamers’ interaction and structural properties by biophysical approaches, as well as a variety of applications that have been adapted to the aptamer compound class. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Nucleic Acid Aptamers: Selection, Characterization, and Application, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide for researchers aiming to further our understanding of aptamer biology and more.
Nucleic Acid Biology and its Application in Human Diseases
by Subhrangsu Chatterjee Samit ChattopadhyayThis book reviews the structure-function relationship of nucleic acids, their role in the pathophysiology of the diseases, and as therapeutic targets for human diseases. The chapters discuss the role of nucleic acids in inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The book also describes recent advancements in nucleic acid-based therapy, the application of nucleic acids in diagnostics, in the development of nano-carriers, logic gates, and sensors. It explores the use of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) as a unique and multifunctional platform for numerous applications, including therapeutics, diagnostics, nanodevices, and materials. It further examines the role of DNA methylation, histone modifiers and readers, chromatin remodelers, microRNAs, and other components of chromatin in the progression of cancer. The book also discusses the applications of nucleic acid as a vaccine and as a gene-editing tool. It also provides an overview of the clinical trials using genome editing platforms for disease treatment and the challenges in implementing the editing technology. Finally, the book elucidates a representative description of challenges associated with nucleic acid-mediated therapy.
Nucleic Acid Blotting
by D C Darling P M BricknellDiscusses very widely-used techniques. Aimed specifically at the newcomer. Provides detailed explanations unavailable elsewhere. Points out pitfalls and provides solutions. Invaluable help for experienced laboratories training newcomers.
Nucleic Acid Crystallography
by Eric EnnifarThis volume includes comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of all nucleic-acid-specific steps used in X-ray crystallography, from macromolecule production to structure determination. Chapters dedicated to RNA preparation and crystallogenesis will be of interest to beginners, while chapters focused on data collection, phasing and refinement will be particularly useful to researchers with a higher level of expertise. Several functional case studies are also presented in the last part of the book. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and thorough, Nucleic Acid Crystallography: Methods and Protocols presents protocols that are aimed at both researchers and students who are interested in the structural biology of DNA or RNA, alone or in complex with proteins or ligands.
Nucleic Acid Detection
by Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov Yulia V. GerasimovaIn Nucleic Acid Chemistry: Methods and Protocols, expert researches in the field detail techniques and approaches for the detection of DNA and RNA. These techniques include the recovery of trace amounts of DNA for amplification and analysis, new qPCR chemistries, new application of isothermal amplification techniques, assays with visual or electric signals for point-of-care diagnostics, improvement of fluorescent in situ hybridization, and new signal amplification techniques. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Nucleic Acid Chemistry: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of detection for DNA and RNA.
Nucleic Acid Detection and Structural Investigations: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2063)
by Kira Astakhova Syeda Atia BukhariThis book volume provides in depth coverage of the nucleic acid field and aims to represent a broad diversity of the methodologies and a wide range of nucleic-acid-related topics within the fields of molecular biology and biomedicine. Chapters are divided in three sections detailing in vitro detection, nanotechnology and imaging, biomedical applications, and big data. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Nucleic Acid Detection and Structural Investigations: Methods and Protocols aims present aims to present methodologies combine cutting-edge innovation with sound theory and practical applications in life sciences.
Nucleic Acid Drugs
by Akira MurakamiNew Antisense Strategies: Chemical Synthesis of RNA Oligomers, by Junichi Yano und Gerald E. Smyth Development and Modification of Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides for Clinical Application, by Mariana Kiomy Osako, Hironori Nakagami und Ryuichi Morishita Modulation of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Immune Responses by Synthetic Oligonucleotides, by Ekambar R. Kandimalla und Sudhir Agrawal Delivery of Nucleic Acid Drugs, by Yan Lee und Kazunori Kataoka Aptamer: Biology to Applications, by Yoshikazu Nakamura Development and Clinical Applications of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, by Veenu Aishwarya, Anna Kalota und Alan M. Gewirtz
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
by M.L.M. AndersonFirst published in 1998. This book is targeted at the beginner who has little or no knowledge of the principles or practice of hybridization. This text concentrates on solution and filter hybridization with a final chapter on current developments which includes DNA chips and advances in probe design.