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Nucleic Acid-Based Nanomaterials: Stabilities and Applications
by Yunfeng Lin Shaojingya GaoNucleic Acid-Based Nanomaterials Learn about the cutting-edge nanotechnologies that play an important role in clinical and medical therapies Nucleic acids, the biomolecules that carry most of nature’s critical genetic information, are an omnipresent component of life on earth. Nanomaterials incorporating or otherwise built around nucleic acids and their key properties have a number of clinical and medical applications, including drug delivery and more. Biomaterials scientists and other professionals in these fields can benefit enormously from increased knowledge of these invaluable materials. Nucleic Acid-Based Nanomaterials supplies a thorough, rigorous overview of these materials and their possible applications. Beginning with an introduction to the history of nanomaterials and their nucleic acid-based subcategories, the book offers a detailed and state-of-the-art survey of the current research into these molecules, efforts to increase their biostability, and their incorporation into a range of industries. The result is an essential contribution to materials science in a variety of life-saving contexts. Nucleic Acid-Based Nanomaterials readers will also find: Application-oriented structure that grounds general concepts in their specific instantiationsDetailed discussion of applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial therapy, and moreA rigorous yet accessible approach suitable for both academia and industry Nucleic Acid-Based Nanomaterials is ideal for chemists of all types, particularly biochemists and medical chemists, and those in industry.
Nucleic Acids In Plants: Volume I
by Timothy C. HallOur ambition in the organization of this book was to explore the current stus of knowledge about nucleic acids in plants. We wanted the reader to be able to learn how this research is being undertaken. Therefore, we asked the contributing authors to include details of approaches and methods. Where feasible, the have provided protocols that can be followed by those who wish to repeat results, extend data, make improvements, or use them in new applications.
Nucleic Acids In Plants: Volume II
by Timothy C. HallOur ambition in the organization of this book was to explore the current stus of knowledge about nucleic acids in plants. We wanted the reader to be able to learn how this research is being undertaken. Therefore, we asked the contributing authors to include details of approaches and methods. Where feasible, the have provided protocols that can be followed by those who wish to repeat results, extend data, make improvements, or use them in new applications.
Nucleic Acids as Molecular Diagnostics
by Andreas Keller Eckart MeeseBy integrating technology, supporting infrastructure and efficient application, this all-in-one guide presents molecular diagnostics as an essential component of modern, personalized clinical practice. It considers all important aspects, from the hardware and software needed, to recent improvements in blood- and non-blood-based biomarker tests. Chapters on ethical challenges and a look at current trends and the latest innovations are also included.Bridging the gap between industry and academia, this is a highly useful resource for practitioners as well as for developers of modern, DNA- and RNA-based molecular diagnostics.
Nucleic Acids in Innate Immunity
by Ken J. Ishii Shizuo AkiraUntil recently, innate immunity was regarded as a relatively nonspecific system designed to engulf and destroy pathogens. However, new studies show that the innate immune system is highly developed in its ability to discriminate between self and foreign entities. Understanding this mechanism can lead to therapeutic strategies based on manipulation
Nucleic Acids in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology: Drug Development and Clinical Applications (Wiley Series in Drug Discovery and Development)
by Zhen Xi Jyoti Chattopadhyaya Lihe Zhang Xinjing TangNucleic Acids in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology An up-to-date and comprehensive exploration of nucleic acid medicinal chemistry and its applications In Nucleic Acids in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology: Drug Development and Clinical Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive overview of the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids and their therapeutic applications. The book emphasizes the latest research in the field, including new technologies like CRISPR that create novel possibilities to edit mutated genes at the genomic DNA level and to treat inherited diseases and cancers. The authors explore the application of modified nucleosides and nucleotides in medicinal chemistry, a variety of current topics on nucleic acid chemistry and biology, nucleic acid drugs used to treat disease, and more. They also probe new domains of pharmaceutical research, offering the reader a wealth of new drug discovery opportunities emerging in this dynamic field. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the basic terminology and knowledge of the field of nucleic acid medicinal chemistry Comprehensive explorations of the methods used to determine the development of nucleic acid drugs Practical discussions of new technologies, like CRISPR, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, synthetic biology, and DNA-encoded chemical libraries In-depth examinations of the latest, cutting-edge developments in nucleic acid medicinal chemistry Perfect for medicinal and nucleic acid chemists, Nucleic Acids in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology will also earn a place in the libraries of biochemists, chemical biologists, and pharmaceutical researchers.
Nucleic Acids in the Gas Phase
by Valérie GabelicaThis book gives physical chemists a broader view of potential biological applications of their techniques for the study of nucleic acids in the gas phase. It provides organic chemists, biophysicists, and pharmacologists with an introduction to new techniques they can use to find the answers to yet unsolved questions. Laboratory sciences have bloomed with a variety of techniques to decipher the properties of the molecules of life. This volume introduces techniques used to investigate the properties of nucleic acids in the absence of solvent. It highlights the specificities pertaining to the studies of nucleic acids, although some of the techniques can similarly be applied to the study of other biomolecules, like proteins. The first part of the book introduces the techniques, from the transfer of nucleic acids to the gas-phase, to their detailed physico-chemical investigation. Each chapter is devoted to a specific molecular property, and illustrates how various approaches (experimental and theoretical) can be combined for the interpretation. The second part of the book is devoted to applying the gas-phase approaches to solve specific questions related to the biophysics, biochemistry or pharmacology of nucleic acids.
Nucleoside Mimetics: Their Chemistry and Biological Properties
by Claire SimonsNucleosides exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity that generally results from their ability to inhibit specific enzymes. This activity has led to their use in the development of various pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of cancers and to combat harmful viruses, bacteria and parasites.An introduction to the chemistry of nucleoside mimetics, which combines carbohydrate, heterocyclic, and asymmetric synthesis, this book examines the diversity of nucleosides and the range of elegant chemistry involved. It emphasizes the importance of nucleosides as both therapeutic agents and as probes for studying biochemical processes.
Nucleoside Triphosphates and their Analogs: Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Biological Applications
by Morteza VaghefiWhile adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is described as the universal currency of energy in all living organisms at the cellular level, the actual power lies in its phosphate tail. This book is the first dedicated to the field of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Its 13 chapters encompass the contributions of twenty scientists from both academia and industry. It provides collective information on the chemical, physiochemical, and biological properties of both natural and modified NTP and their application in life sciences. Three chapters review families of enzymes that depend on nucleotides for assembling DNA and RNA molecules. The appendix includes supporting NMR data.
Nucleotides and Regulation of Bone Cell Function
by Geoffrey Burnstock Timothy R. ArnettATP's powerful impact on the heart and blood vessels was first described in 1929, but it was not until the 1970s that ATP was proposed as the 'purinergic' neurotransmitter in autonomic nerves. The door to this area of research was thrown open when receptors for ATP and its ectoenzymatic breakdown product adenosine were first cloned in the early 199
Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (Routledge Revivals)
by I. Robin BarracoFirst Published in 1994, this book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date compilation of reviews of recent literature on the anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The chapters are written by internationally recognized experts in the field and include never-before-published data, diagrams, and figures.
Nudging Green: Behavioral Economics and Environmental Sustainability (World Sustainability Series)
by Pardeep Singh Shikha Daga Kiran YadavOur use or rather overuse of natural resources is having an increasingly drastic and adverse effect on the environment. Behavioural economics uses the concepts and elements of psychology and applies them in economic decision-making. It has been identified that behavioural economics can be used to tackle the issue of climate change by using ‘nudges’ to influence people to make choices that are more eco-friendly. Behavioural economics also accept the presence of cognitive biases in the decision-making process, and one solution to reduce the biases is instigating ‘nudges’ that increase the probability of making optimal decisions. The book therefore provides an in-depth understanding of the environmental and climatic issues and the role played by people’s psychology in addressing them. The book highlights cognitive biases and nudges that can be used to negate or reduce the negative impact of decision-making on the environment. The book provides a detailed explanation of the topic along with illustrations, tables, and case studies that make it easy to understand and apply the concepts. The methods, results, and topics covered in the book will be of particular interest to readers interested in behavioural economics, sustainable development, environmental conservation, and various biases that impact decision-making and the nudges that are used and can be used to bring environment protection. The main benefit that readers will derive from the book is a comprehensive understanding of behaviour, biases and nudge-based solutions and their potential to address major challenges faced while making decisions. The book is helpful for policymakers, researchers, practitioners, and students interested in behavioural economics, biases, sustainable development, and environmental protection.
Nuestro planeta, nuestro futuro
by Manuel Rodríguez BecerraUn panorama global para comprender el fenómeno del cambio climático, apreciar el planeta en el que vivimos y proteger los recursos naturales. Estamos atravesando una profunda crisis ambiental con el cambio climático y el declive de la biodiversidad como sus más graves expresiones. La estamos viviendo en las intensas temporadas de sequía y de lluvia, la agudización de los huracanes, el derretimiento de los glaciares y la acelerada extinción de especies. Millones de personas mueren anualmente por la contaminación del aire y del agua. Todo esto lleva a pensar: ¿cuál es el panorama global? ¿Cuál ha sido el papel de Colombia en crear esta situación y cómo la afecta? ¿Qué tanto incide en las decisiones que tomamos en nuestra vida diaria? Gracias a una aguda y minuciosa reflexión de Manuel Rodríguez Becerra, una de las voces ambientalistas más destacadas del panorama actual, es posible entender los alcances de esta crisis y cómo llegamos a ella, pero también podemos descubrir cómo enfrentarla y el rol que en ese desafío juegan los individuos, las comunidades, los empresarios y los gobiernos. Se trata de una lucha que es de todos y que compromete nuestro presente, nuestro futuro y el de las generaciones venideras.
Nuklearmedizin bei endokrinen Erkrankungen: Diagnose und Therapie
by George Barberio Coura-Filho Mayara Torres Silva de Oliveira Ana Luiza Morais de CamposDieses Buch enthält aktuelle Informationen über die allgemeinen Grundsätze der diagnostischen und therapeutischen Nuklearmedizin im Kontext der Endokrinologie.Der Inhalt ist in sechs Teile gegliedert. In Abschnitt I werden allgemeine Aspekte der Radiopharmaka, der Szintigraphie, der Single-Photon-Emissions-Computertomographie (SPECT), der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET), der Radionuklidtherapien und der strahlengesteuerten Chirurgie behandelt. Abschnitt II befasst sich mit diagnostischen Anwendungen bei gutartigen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen und der Beurteilung von Schilddrüsenknoten. Abschnitt III gibt einen Überblick über die Behandlung von Nebenschilddrüsenerkrankungen. In Abschnitt IV werden diagnostische Verfahren bei gut differenziertem Schilddrüsenkrebs vorgestellt. Abschnitt V befasst sich mit Verfahren und Therapie bei gut- und bösartigen Erkrankungen der Nebenniere (Phäochromozytome und Paragangliome). Schließlich werden in Abschnitt VI die Diagnose und Behandlung neuroendokriner Tumoren vorgestellt.Nuklearmedizin bei endokrinen Erkrankungen: Diagnose und Therapie richtet sich an nicht spezialisierte Nuklearmediziner, die auf dem Gebiet der Endokrinologie arbeiten, und ist auch für Forscher und Studenten eine wertvolle Ressource.
Nulling Interferometers for Space-based High-Contrast Visible Imaging and Measurement of Exoplanetary Environments
by Brian HicksHigh-contrast astronomical imaging has progressed significantly in the past decade. Many of these techniques have been laboratory demonstrated to perform at contrast levels adequate for the detection of Solar System-like planets and dust around nearby stars. None of them, however, have been demonstrated in space. The state of the art in high-contrast imaging systems that have been built for space-based observation, the environment best suited for spectroscopic study of exo-Earths, is the nulling interferometer that was flown on the Planetary Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Rocket Experiment (PICTURE). The PICTURE nulling interferometer, built from multiple optical elements, relies on the incorporation of additional dispersive components in order to deliver the broadband performance preferred for faint object imaging. These elements add to the cost, complexity, and misalignment risk of the instrument. The Monolithic Achromatic Nulling Interference Coronagraph (MANIC) Brian Hicks describe in this thesis the first optic of its kind. He has taken the multiple optical element concept described in earlier works from theory to a flyable monolithic optic. Brian has advanced the state of the art in nulling interferometers by improving optical stability and robustness. Following application of the fabrication method described in this work, the design of MANIC also allows for broader band performance at higher contrast than that achieved with the PICTURE nulling interferometer.
Number Power 10: Pre-Algebra
by Robert MitchellNumber Power Series (Revised) The first choice for those who want to develop and improve their math skills. Every Number Power book targets a particular set of math skills with straightforward explanations, easy-to-follow, step-by-step instruction, real-life examples, and extensive reinforcement exercises. Use these texts across the full scope of the basic math curriculum, from whole numbers to pre-algebra and geometry. NUMBER POWER: PRE-ALGEBRA NEW! From basic number skills to data analysis and probability and on to beginning algebra, this book covers material necessary to pass many educational and occupational tests.
Numbers (Picture This)
by Judith NouvionNumbers are everywhere in nature. From one tiny red-eyed frog to ten sweet and scruffy dogs, children will practice counting to ten all while finding out some fun facts about animals in our natural world. Vibrant photography and simple, fun read-aloud text make this board book a perfect first look at nonfiction for very new and curious learners! The Picture This series pairs learning concepts with extraordinary photographs of animals in their habitats. Check out all four books in the Picture This series: Colors, Homes, Numbers, and Shapes!
Numbers Don't Lie: 71 Stories to Help Us Understand the Modern World
by Vaclav Smil"There is no author whose books I look forward to more than Vaclav Smil."--Bill GatesAn essential guide to understanding how numbers reveal the true state of our world--exploring a wide range of topics including energy, the environment, technology, transportation, and food production.Vaclav Smil's mission is to make facts matter. An environmental scientist, policy analyst, and a hugely prolific author, he is Bill Gates' go-to guy for making sense of our world. In Numbers Don't Lie, Smil answers questions such as: What's worse for the environment--your car or your phone? How much do the world's cows weigh (and what does it matter)? And what makes people happy? From data about our societies and populations, through measures of the fuels and foods that energize them, to the impact of transportation and inventions of our modern world--and how all of this affects the planet itself--in Numbers Don't Lie, Vaclav Smil takes us on a fact-finding adventure, using surprising statistics and illuminating graphs to challenge conventional thinking. Packed with fascinating information and memorable examples, Numbers Don't Lie reveals how the US is leading a rising worldwide trend in chicken consumption, that vaccination yields the best return on investment, and why electric cars aren't as great as we think (yet). Urgent and essential, with a mix of science, history, and wit--all in bite-sized chapters on a broad range of topics--Numbers Don't Lie inspires readers to interrogate what they take to be true.
Numbers and the Making of Us: Counting and the Course of Human Cultures
by Caleb EverettNumber concepts are a human invention developed and refined over millennia. They allow us to grasp quantities precisely: recent research shows that most specific quantities are not perceived in the absence of a number system. Numbers are not innate or universal; yet without them, the world as we know it would not exist.
Numerical Algebra, Matrix Theory, Differential-Algebraic Equations and Control Theory
by Peter Benner Matthias Bollhöfer Daniel Kressner Christian Mehl Tatjana StykelThis edited volume highlights the scientific contributions of Volker Mehrmann, a leading expert in the area of numerical (linear) algebra, matrix theory, differential-algebraic equations and control theory. These mathematical research areas are strongly related and often occur in the same real-world applications. The main areas where such applications emerge are computational engineering and sciences, but increasingly also social sciences and economics. This book also reflects some of Volker Mehrmann's major career stages. Starting out working in the areas of numerical linear algebra (his first full professorship at TU Chemnitz was in "Numerical Algebra," hence the title of the book) and matrix theory, Volker Mehrmann has made significant contributions to these areas ever since. The highlights of these are discussed in Parts I and II of the present book. Often the development of new algorithms in numerical linear algebra is motivated by problems in system and control theory. These and his later major work on differential-algebraic equations, to which he together with Peter Kunkel made many groundbreaking contributions, are the topic of the chapters in Part III. Besides providing a scientific discussion of Volker Mehrmann's work and its impact on the development of several areas of applied mathematics, the individual chapters stand on their own as reference works for selected topics in the fields of numerical (linear) algebra, matrix theory, differential-algebraic equations and control theory. "
Numerical Analysis in Electromagnetics: The TLM Method
by Pierre SaguetThe aim of this book is to give a broad overview of the TLM (Transmission Line Matrix) method, which is one of the “time-domain numerical methods”. These methods are reputed for their significant reliance on computer resources. However, they have the advantage of being highly general. The TLM method has acquired a reputation for being a powerful and effective tool by numerous teams and still benefits today from significant theoretical developments. In particular, in recent years, its ability to simulate various situations with excellent precision, including complex materials, has been demonstrated. Application examples are included in the last two chapters of the book, enabling the reader to draw conclusions regarding the performance of the implemented techniques and, at the same time, to validate them. Contents 1. Basis of the TLM Method: the 2D TLM Method. 2. 3D Nodes. 3. Introduction of Discrete Elements and Thin Wires in the TLM Method. 4. The TLM Method in Matrix Form and the Z Transform. Appendix A. Development of Maxwell’s Equations using the Z Transform with a Variable Mesh. Appendix B. Treatment of Plasma using the Z Transform for the TLM Method.
Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
by J.M.P.Q. Delgado Antonio Gilson Lima Marta Vázquez SilvaThe purpose of 'Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media' is to provide a collection of recent contributions in the field of computational heat and mass transfer in porous media. The main benefit of the book is that it discusses the majority of the topics related to numerical transport phenomenon in engineering (including state-of-the-art and applications) and presents some of the most important theoretical and computational developments in porous media and transport phenomenon domain, providing a self-contained major reference that is appealing to both the scientists, researchers and the engineers. At the same time, these topics encounter of a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines, such as chemical, civil, agricultural, mechanical engineering, etc. The book is divided in several chapters that intend to be a resume of the current state of knowledge for benefit of professional colleagues.
Numerical Approximation of Exact Controls for Waves
by Enrique Zuazua Sylvain ErvedozaThis book is devoted to fully developing and comparing the two main approaches to the numerical approximation of controls for wave propagation phenomena: the continuous and the discrete. This is accomplished in the abstract functional setting of conservative semigroups.The main results of the work unify, to a large extent, these two approaches, which yield similaralgorithms and convergence rates. The discrete approach, however, gives not only efficient numerical approximations of the continuous controls, but also ensures some partial controllability properties of the finite-dimensional approximated dynamics. Moreover, it has the advantage of leading to iterative approximation processes that converge without a limiting threshold in the number of iterations. Such a threshold, which is hard to compute and estimate in practice, is a drawback of the methods emanating from the continuous approach. To complement this theory, the book provides convergence results for the discrete wave equation when discretized using finite differences and proves the convergence of the discrete wave equation with non-homogeneous Dirichlet conditions. The first book to explore these topics in depth, "On the Numerical Approximations of Controls for Waves" has rich applications to data assimilation problems and will be of interest to researchers who deal with wave approximations.