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Performance Evaluation Criteria in Heat Transfer Enhancement (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Sujoy Kumar Saha Hrishiraj Ranjan Madhu Sruthi Emani Anand Kumar BhartiThis Brief deals with Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC) for heat exchangers, single phase flow, objective function and constraints, algebraic formulation, constant flow rate, fixed flow area, thermal resistance, heat exchanger effectiveness, relations for St and f, finned tube banks, variations of PEC, reduced exchanger flow rate, exergy based PEC, PEC for two-phase heat exchangers, work consuming, work producing and heat actuated systems. The authors explain Performance Criteria of Enhanced Heat Transfer Surfaces—the ratio of enhanced performance to the basic performance—and its importance for Heat Transfer Enhancement and efficient thermal management in devices.
Performance Measurement with Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis
by Ali Emrouznejad Madjid TavanaThe intensity of global competition and ever-increasing economic uncertainties has led organizations to search for more efficient and effective ways to manage their business operations. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been widely used as a conceptually simple yet powerful tool for evaluating organizational productivity and performance. Fuzzy DEA (FDEA) is a promising extension of the conventional DEA proposed for dealing with imprecise and ambiguous data in performance measurement problems. This book is the first volume in the literature to present the state-of-the-art developments and applications of FDEA. It is designed for students, educators, researchers, consultants and practicing managers in business, industry, and government with a basic understanding of the DEA and fuzzy logic concepts.
Performance Metrics for Sustainable Cities (Advances in Urban Sustainability)
by SylvieManish Albert PandeyPerformance Metrics for Sustainable Cities provides an overview of measurement systems and tools to enable communities to self-assess and benchmark their progress along a continuum of smart, intelligent, and sustainable development. It begins by explaining the importance of measurement and evaluation for cities and smaller communities, as well as future factors that will need to be considered and embedded into planning processes. Across 14 chapters, the book describes existing evaluation mechanisms that are being used for government funding decisions, awards of recognition, and new measurement systems to assess what makes a city smarter and more sustainable, such as broader sustainable goal targets (UN SDGs), green cities, fabrication cities, and compassionate cities. It presents examples of metrics used for important sustainability and liveability concepts for cities such as how to measure trust, engagement, compassion, circular economy, and so forth. The book ends with reflections on the feasibility of a holistic system of measurement and the implications of its implementation. This volume will be of great interest to students, researchers, and professionals of urban sustainability, planning, smart cities, and sustainable communities.
Performance Modelling and Analysis of Heterogeneous Networks (River Publishers Series In Information Science And Technology Ser.)
by Demetres D. KouvatsosOver the recent years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the performance modelling, evaluation and prediction of convergent multi-service heterogeneous networks, such as wireless and optical networks, towards the design and dimensioning of the next and future generation Internets.This book follows Heterogeneous Networks: Traffic Engineering, Performance Evaluation Studies and Tools and presents recent advances in networks of diverse technology reflecting the state-of-the-art technology and research achievements in performance modelling, analysis and applications worldwide.Technical topics discussed in the book include:• Multiservice Switching Networks;• Multiservice Switching Networks;• Wireless Ad Hoc Networks;• Wireless Sensor Networks;• Wireless Cellular Networks;• Optical Networks;Heterogeneous Networks:- Performance Modelling and Analysis contains recently extended research papers, which have their roots in the series of the HET-NETs International Working Conferences focusing on the 'Performance Modelling and Evaluation of Heterogeneous Networks' under the auspices of the EU Networks of Excellence Euro-NGI and Euro-FGI.Heterogeneous Networks: Performance Modelling and Analysis is ideal for personnel in computer/communication industries as well as academic staff and master/research students in computer science, operational research, electrical engineering and telecommunication systems and the Internet.KeywordsHeterogeneous networks, performance modelling and analysis, wired networks, wireless networks: ad hoc, sensor and cellular, optical networks, next and future generation Internets.
Performance and Technology: Practices of Virtual Embodiment and Interactivity (Palgrave Studies In Performance And Technology Ser.)
by Susan Broadhurst Josephine MachonThis collection interrogates the interaction between new technologies and performance practice, linking the sensuous contact that must exist between the physical and virtual, together with the resultant corporeal transformation. It features writings from international contributors who specialize in digital art and performance practices.
Performance of Bolting Materials in High Temperature Plant Applications: Conference Proceedings, 16-17 June 1994, York, UK
by Andrew StrangThis book discusses the technology of high-temperature bolting materials and the design considerations of high-temperature bolted joints. It is based on the second international conference on high-temperature creep resistant materials held in York.
Performance of Metals and Ceramics in Total Hip Arthroplasty (Synthesis Lectures on Biomedical Engineering)
by Armando Reyes Rojas Alfredo Aguilar Elguezabal Alessandro Alan Porporati Miguel Bocanegra Bernal Hilda Esperanza Esparza PonceThis book offers expert guidance on materials for total hip arthroplasty (THA), providing readers with quick access to well-organized summaries on biomaterials such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It also includes in-depth coverage of biocompatibility and implant problems such as necrosis, ulceration, high toxicity with metals, and allergic reactions. Coverage also emphasizes the mechanical properties of the materials used for prostheses applications, immunity to corrosion, enhanced biocompatibility, complete inertness to the body environment, and the high capacity to join with the bone and other tissues. Performance of Metals and Ceramics in Total Hip Arthroplasty is an essential reference for engineers and scientists specializing in prostheses design and manufacturing and orthopedic medical professionals. The book can also be used as a study guide for materials science and orthopedics students.
Performance-Based Gear Metrology
by William D. MarkA mathematically rigorous explanation of how manufacturing deviations and damage on the working surfaces of gear teeth cause transmission-error contributions to vibration excitationsSome gear-tooth working-surface manufacturing deviations of significant amplitude cause negligible vibration excitation and noise, yet others of minuscule amplitude are a source of significant vibration excitation and noise. Presently available computer-numerically-controlled dedicated gear metrology equipment can measure such error patterns on a gear in a few hours in sufficient detail to enable accurate computation and diagnosis of the resultant transmission-error vibration excitation. How to efficiently measure such working-surface deviations, compute from these measurements the resultant transmission-error vibration excitation, and diagnose the manufacturing source of the deviations, is the subject of this book. Use of the technology in this book will allow quality spot checks to be made on gears being manufactured in a production run, to avoid undesirable vibration or noise excitation by the manufactured gears. Furthermore, those working in academia and industry needing a full mathematical understanding of the relationships between tooth working-surface deviations and the vibration excitations caused by these deviations will find the book indispensable for applications pertaining to both gear-quality and gear-health monitoring.Key features:Provides a very efficient method for measuring parallel-axis helical or spur gears in sufficient detail to enable accurate computation of transmission-error contributions from working-surface deviations, and algorithms required to carry out these computations, including examplesProvides algorithms for computing the working-surface deviations causing any user-identified tone, such as 'ghost tones,' or 'sidebands' of the tooth-meshing harmonics, enabling diagnosis of their manufacturing causes, including examplesProvides explanations of all harmonics observed in gear-caused vibration and noise spectra.Enables generation of three-dimensional displays and detailed numerical descriptions of all measured and computed working-surface deviations, including examples
Performance-Improvement Limits in Optical Wireless Coherent Communication (Optical Wireless Communication Theory and Technology)
by Xizheng Ke Chenghu KeThis book presents some of the recent developments in the field of optical-wireless coherence communication. The factors affecting the coherence detection sensitivity are analyzed and the approach to approximate the coherence detection limit is discussed. The wavefront distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence is analyzed, and the influence of the wavefront distortion on the coherence detection performance is examined. A new concept of vortex-beam coherence-detection is proposed, and the problem of signal light decomposition into partially coherent light detection is analyzed. This book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the field of telecommunications. It is suitable for engineering and technical personnel engaged in applied optics and communications engineering, university teachers, graduate students, and senior undergraduates.
Performing Climates (Routledge Advances in Theatre & Performance Studies)
by Eddie Paterson Lara StevensPerforming Climates features 13 interconnected essays exploring theatre and performance’s relationship with more-than-human elements at a time of climate emergency. This book argues that Western performance – how we conceive of it, as well as how we train and educate people in and about it – needs to reorient its ways of making and thinking about itself to reconsider patterns of breakdown, decay and renewal happening on and off stage in a literal play of cells and particles. Performing Climates examines live performance as a uniquely compostable artform, formed by sonic vibrations and movements of air and matter, more-than-human elements, composition and decomposition. This book will appeal to undergraduate audiences, postgraduate scholars and performance studies colleagues, offering exciting possibilities for reconsidering theatre and performing in an age of crisis.
Performing Complexity: Building Foundations for the Practice of Complex Thinking (SpringerBriefs in Complexity)
by Ana Teixeira de MeloIn the face of growing challenges, we need modes of thinking that allow us to not only grasp complexity but also perform it. In this book, the author approaches complexity from the standpoint of a relational worldview. The author recasts complex thinking as a mode of coupling between an observer and the world. Further, she explores the process and outcome of that coupling, namely, meaningful information that may have transformative effects and impact the management of change in the ‘real world’. The author presents a new framework for operationalising complex thinking in a set of dimensions and properties through which it may be enacted. This framework may inform the development and coordination of new tools and strategies to support the practice and evaluation of complex thinking across a variety of domains. Intended for a wide interdisciplinary audience of academics, practitioners and policymakers alike, the book is an invitation to pursue inter- and transdisciplinary dialogues and collaborations.
Performing Farmscapes (Performing Landscapes)
by Susan C. HaedickeThis book argues that the performance-based work in the featured case studies contributes to the construction of food democracy where the public takes back decision-making in shaping the food system. It explores how contemporary artists translate scientific research about local and global agricultural issues into life stories that inform and engage their audiences and, in so doing, transform passive food consumers into proactive food citizens. The pairing of performing and farmscapes (complex webs of farmlands and storylines) enables artists to use embodied practices to encourage audiences to imagine a just and sustainable agri-food system and to collaborate on making it a reality. The book arranges the case studies on a trajectory that moves from projects that foreground knowledge acquisition to ones that emphasize social engagement by creating conversations and coalitions between farming and nonfarming communities to a final one that pairs protest art and political activism to achieve legally-binding changes in the agricultural landscape.
Performing Feeling in Cultures of Memory
by Bryoni TrezisePerforming Feeling in Cultures of Memory brings memory studies into conversation with a focus on feelings as cultural actors. It charts a series of memory sites that range from canonical museums and memorials, to practices enabled by the virtual terrain of Second Life, popular 'trauma TV' programs and radical theatre practice.
Performing Homescapes (Performing Landscapes)
by Sally Mackey Adelina OngPart of the Performing Landscapes series, Performing Homescapes is an edited collection comprising a contemporary exploration of performing many iterations of landscapes of homes. Authors were invited to respond to a detailed brief with home to be deliberately reconsidered as homescape, represented by landscapes, sites and practices often outside, and occasionally including a conventional home-as-house and intimate dwelling. We wanted a diverse range of geographical sites to be represented and a global offer, encompassing a pluriverse of homescapes. Voices, practices, and epistemologies from the Global South and global majority were important to us, including Indigenous ways of knowing and practicing. This curated collection offers an expanded understanding of the performance of home/scapes as a new intervention into the fields of performance and home scholarship. Performing Homescapes moves beyond spatial meditations within rooms of a house to offer an original critical engagement with the social, political, ecological and cultural landscapes that shape and sustain affects related to the notion of home, unhomeliness and, even, solastalgia. While the impact of the social, political and cultural landscapes on relationships with - and within - the house are implied in most academic literature on forms of performing home, it is foregrounded in the chapters of this edited collection. In addition, certain chapters attend to the more-than-human, human relationships with the Earth as homescape and the co-creation of homescapes within and beyond dwellings.
Performing the Nonhuman: Towards a Theatre of Transformation (ISSN)
by Conrad AlexandrowiczThis book radically reimagines theatre/performance pedagogy and dramaturgy in response to the accelerating climate crisis.This text is founded upon the principle that the theatre is the most anthropocentric of all the arts: the means of its representation, the human figure, is identical with its conventional object, the human narrative, broadly considered. In order to respond ethically to the climate crisis, it must expand its range to include performing as/in response to the nonhuman. Conrad Alexandrowicz concisely explores theoretical approaches to the other‑than‑human, found in the work of, among others, Jane Bennett, Timothy Morton, Rosi Braidotti, and Cary Wolfe. The implications of this move are far‑reaching and commence with displacing realism from its traditional position of dominance. The practices of 20th century physical theatre visionaries such as Tadeusz Kantor, Jacques Lecoq, and Jerzy Grotowski are revisited and reconsidered for their applicability to forms of theatre that might serve the needs of establishing storytelling deriving from nonhuman phenomena. This logically leads to the matter of responding appropriately to Indigenous ways of knowing and being. The work finds guidance in Indigenous, pre‑scientific ways of knowing and being, such as those articulated by Robin Wall Kimmerer (Braiding Sweetgrass, 2013). In contemplating our kinship with vegetative life, the work finds inspiration in the latest research into the ways tree communities communicate, collaborate, and share resources, including the work of Suzanne Simard (Finding the Mother Tree, 2021). It next imagines transformations in how theatre is situated, delivered, and received and considers the ways in which the performer/spectator binary may have to be reconfigured, with particular reference to Grotowski’s experiments in participatory theatre. It poses an even more provocative question: is such theorized performance work pointing in the direction of some re‑imagined version of ritual and ceremony that may find antecedents in pre‑Christian European belief and practice? Finally, it locates such eco‑theatre in the realm of healing: climate anxiety, depression, and grief on the part of instructors, students, and artists will require us to consider and activate the healing power of the art form; perhaps, the core purpose of all the arts will shift to support the need to generate solace in times of fear, anger, and uncertainty.This book is intended for instructors, both scholars and performance pedagogues, in theatre and performance studies, as well as graduate and undergraduate students in these areas.
Perfusion Cell Culture Processes for Biopharmaceuticals: Process Development, Design, and Scale-up (Cambridge Series in Chemical Engineering)
by Massimo Morbidelli Moritz Wolf Jean-Marc BielserMaster the design and operation of perfusion cell cultures with this authoritative reference. Discover the current state-of-the-art in the design and operation of continuous bioreactors, with emphasis on mammalian cell cultures for producing therapeutic proteins. Topics include the current market for recombinant therapeutic proteins, current industry challenges and the potential contribution of continuous manufacturing. Provides coverage of every step of process development and reactor operation, including small scale screening to lab-scale and scale-up to manufacturing scale. Illustrated through real-life case studies, this is a perfect resource for groups active in the cell culture field, as well as graduate students in areas such as chemical engineering, biotechnology, chemistry and biology, and to those in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly biopharma, biotechnology and food or agro industry.
Peri-urban Landscape: The Next Challenge (River Publishers Series in Social, Urban, Economic and Environmental Sustainability)
by Jacopo Mughini Gras Letizia PaceThis book underlines the importance of establishing, in the planning and urban policies oriented towards sustainability, a relationship between the urban expansion – observed in its different forms and dynamics – and the ability of soil and landscape to support agricultural productivity and interface processes. This is the development of a specific investigation theme linked to the problem of soil degradation and peri-urban lands allows a valuable re-interpretation in the field of landscape studies. This book queries the value of the "rural" around a city, in a multidisciplinary perspective encompassing land transformations, good practices, and urban planning trends.Land transformations are at the center of analysis and discussions on the management, planning, and design of the landscape everywhere. This topic is particularly appropriate for European landscapes where land changes are often associated with the degradation of rural and natural areas. This issue represents a crucial point within the framework of the ecological transition towards a truly sustainable society and economy, as established by the European Union.This book is the result of detailed bibliographic research, of in-depth historical research on the most recent challenges and topics of greatest interest in the field of urban studies. Original landscape transformations analyses were performed, introducing also some practical cases, considered relevant contributions in spatial planning.
Peri-urban Water and Sanitation Services
by Mathew Kurian Patricia MccarneyMore than 2.6 billion people in the developing world lack access to safe water and sanitation service. The Millennium Development Goal's (MDG) target is to halve the number of people without access to a sustainable source of water supply and connection to a sewer network by 2015. That target is unlikely to be met. If there is anything that can be learnt from European experience it is that institutional reform occurs incrementally when politically enfranchised urban populations perceive a threat to their material well-being due to contamination of water sources.
Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe
by Simon Bell Kjell Nilsson Stephan Pauleit Carmen Aalbers Thomas A. Sick NielsenPresently, peri-urbanisation is one of the most pervasive processes of land use change in Europe with strong impacts on both the environment and quality of life. It is a matter of great urgency to determine strategies and tools in support of sustainable development. The book synthesizes the results of PLUREL, a large European Commission funded research project (2007-2010). Tools and strategies of PLUREL address main challenges of managing land use in peri-urban areas. These results are presented and illustrated by means of 7 case studies which are at the core of the book. This volume presents a novel, future oriented approach to the planning and management of peri-urban areas with a main focus on scenarios and sustainability impact analysis. The research is unique in that it focuses on the future by linking quantitative scenario modeling and sustainability impact analysis with qualitative and in-depth analysis of regional strategies, as well as including a study at European level with case study work also involving a Chinese case study.
Pericyte Biology - Novel Concepts (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1109)
by Alexander BirbrairThis volume explores novel concepts of pericyte biology. The present book is an attempt to describe the most recent developments in the area of pericyte biology which is one of the emergent hot topics in the field of molecular and cellular biology today. Here, we present a selected collection of detailed chapters on what we know so far about the pericytes. Together with its companion volumes Pericyte Biology in Different Organs and Pericyte Biology in Disease, Pericyte Biology - Novel Concepts presents a comprehensive update on the latest information and most novel functions attributed to pericytes. To those researchers newer to this area, it will be useful to have the background information on these cells' unique history. It will be invaluable for both advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in cell biology, stem cells and researchers or clinicians involved with specific diseases.
Pericyte Biology in Disease (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1147)
by Alexander BirbrairThis volume explores pericytes' roles under distinct pathological conditions, ranging from tumors, ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, stroke, diabetes, atherosclerosis, muscular dystrophies and more. Together with its companion volumes Pericyte Biology in Different Organs and Pericyte Biology – Novel Concepts, Pericyte Biology in Disease presents a comprehensive update on the latest information and most novel functions attributed to pericytes. To those researchers newer to this area, it will be useful to have the background information on these cells' unique history. It will be invaluable for both advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in cell biology, stem cell biology and clinicians involved with these specific diseases.
Pericytes: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2235)
by Bruno M. PéaultThis volume explores the techniques used to study human and animal pericytes. Chapters in this volume cover a range of topics such as pericyte dissociation from tissues, and analysis by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry; avian chimaeras to investigate the embryonic development of cell lineage; pericyte purification by fluorescence activated cell sorting and ensuing culture; tissue turnover and regeneration; and the dynamic study of pericyte involvement in cancer dissemination, in situ, and in culture. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and practical, Pericytes: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that helps researchers define the biologic identity, functions, and potentials of a cell lineage of increasing interest and therapeutic significance.
Peridynamic Theory and Its Applications
by Erdogan Madenci Erkan OterkusThis book presents the peridynamic theory, which provides the capability for improved modeling of progressive failure in materials and structures, and paves the way for addressing multi-physics and multi-scale problems. The book provides students and researchers with a theoretical and practical knowledge of the peridynamic theory and the skills required to analyze engineering problems. The text may be used in courses such as Multi-physics and Multi-scale Analysis, Nonlocal Computational Mechanics, and Computational Damage Prediction. Sample algorithms for the solution of benchmark problems are available so that the reader can modify these algorithms, and develop their own solution algorithms for specific problems. Students and researchers will find this book an essential and invaluable reference on the topic.
Peridynamics and Its Applications Using Ansys
by Yanan Zhang Erdogan Madenci Sundaram Vinod AnicodeThis book introduces a unified implementation of bond- and state-based peridynamic theory (PD) within a commercial finite element framework, Ansys, utilizing its native elements. It details the implementation of the PD theory and its integration with traditional finite elements. The primary objective is to equip students, researchers, and practicing engineers with both theoretical and practical knowledge of the PD theory, along with the skills necessary for analyzing engineering problems using Ansys. The book demonstrates that, unlike the conventional finite element method (FEM), the PD theory is highly suitable for progressive failure analysis, the multi-scale analysis of materials involving fracture and failure, and multi-physics analysis, including electromigration, corrosion, and electrodeposition. Additionally, it provides a step-by-step illustration of the specific procedures in the pre-processing, solution, and post-processing phases of the analysis through the Graphical User Interface (GUI) for various applications. The book is designed to be introductory and self-contained, minimizing the need for additional reference material.
Perimeter, Area, and Volume: A Monster Book of Dimensions
by David A. AdlerGrab your jumbo popcorn—you're invited to the premiere of a 3-D movie, all about those three dimensions!Trusted math picture book duo David A. Adler and Ed Miller tackle the differences between two- and three-dimensional objects in their signature bright and kid-friendly way. Explaining length, width, and height-- and all the different ways we represent those figures-- Adler shows how changing the dimensions of an object affects its size. . . . with some help from a cast of funny, friendly movie monsters. Explaining key vocabulary in simple text and offering numerous concrete examples and sample math problems with included solutions, Perimeter, Area, and Volume is a perfect introduction to two- and three-dimensional geometry. The star-studded cast of monsters will help you calculate the perimeter of the set, the area of the movie screen, and the volume of your box of popcorn.Learning about dimensions has never been so entertaining!