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Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Ocimum (Phytochemical Investigations of Medicinal Plants)
by Brijesh Kumar Surabhi Tiwari Vikas Bajpai Renu PandeyOcimum species has been used as a traditional remedy for various ailments such as arthritis, bronchitis, cold, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysentery, and flatulence, as well as for healing wounds and lowering blood glucose level. These are characterized by variations in their morphology such as the shape, size and pigmentation of leaves, which cause differences in chemical composition and affect the commercial value of this genus. This book describes phytochemical investigations of Ocimum species using LC-MS/MS instruments to study qualitative and quantitative variations of phytochemicals in different Ocimum species. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific analytical and pharmacological evidence of most important medicinal plants of genus Ocimum. Chemical signatures for the identification of Ocimum species. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of plants of Ocimum species and its herbal products.
Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Phyllanthus (Phytochemical Investigations of Medicinal Plants)
by Sunil Kumar Brijesh Kumar K. P. MadhusudananSeveral Phyllanthus species are widely used in traditional medicine and herbal formulation for the treatment of a variety of ailments such as flu, dropsy, diabetes, jaundice and bladder calculus. The medicinal properties of these species are due to the presence of lignans, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are the major lignans from Phyllanthus species having estrogenic properties that reduce toxicity and vascular tension, and protect hepatocytes. This book deals with the importance of separation techniques in screening of major lignans, flavonoids and terpenoids in Phyllanthus species using HPLC/UPLC coupled with mass spectrometric techniques. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of important medicinal plants. Screening of major lignans, flavonoids and terpenoids in plant parts/whole plant extracts and their geographical variations in Phyllanthus amarus. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for the quality control of Phyllanthus and its products.
Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Piper (Phytochemical Investigations of Medicinal Plants)
by Brijesh Kumar Surabhi Tiwari Vikas Bajpai Bikarma SinghPiper is the representative genus of family Piperaceae. Piper species are pan-tropical in distribution and found in both the hemispheres. As the king of all spices, black pepper, Piper nigrum, led to the global expeditions culminating in the discovery of India and the new world. Piper species have been reported to possess various pharmacological activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, anti-hypertensive, antithyroid, antitumor activities and hepatoprotective properties. Botanical authentication of the plants of Piper species is difficult because of the morphological similarity among the species. This book describes ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode to study the quantitative variation of thirteen bioactive markers in different plant parts of ten Piper species. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of the most important medicinal plants of Piper species. Describes chemical signatures for identification of Piper species. Provides easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of Piper species and its products.
Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Rauvolfia (Phytochemical Investigations of Medicinal Plants)
by Sunil Kumar Brijesh Kumar Vikas Bajpai K. P. MadhusudananRauvolfia species, commonly known as Sarpagandha, has been traditionally used in Ayurveda for curing high blood pressure, hypertension, snake bites, fever, and mental illnesses. Due to its wide variety and differences in chemical composition, it is necessary to develop an efficient and reliable method for rapid screening and determination of phytochemicals in the extracts of the Rauvolfia species. This book will provide qualitative and quantitative comparative phytochemical investigations of selected medicinal plants from the Rauvolfia genus using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. The results will help in assuring the efficacy and safety of Rauvolfia herbal products. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of important medicinal plants. Discusses chemical signatures for the identification of Rauvolfia (Sarpagandha) and its products. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of Rauvolfia and its products.
Phytochemistry of Tinospora cordifolia (Phytochemical Investigations of Medicinal Plants)
by Brijesh Kumar Vikas Bajpai Nikhil KumarTinospora cordifolia stem is used as a tonic, vitalizer, and as a remedy for metabolic disorders to treat allergies, diabetes, dysentery, jaundice, heart diseases, leprosy, rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, and urinary disorders. It shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic actions and immunosuppressive effects. This book focuses on providing gender and geographical location-based differences in the phytoconstituents of T. cordifolia by the liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method. These methods have potential use in the quality control of T. cordifolia and the screening of herbal preparations. Features: Compilation of ayurvedic features of one of the most important plants of the Indian system of medicines. Useful for all ayurvedic practitioners, researchers, faculty, students, and herbal product manufacturers. Application of advance hyphenated LC-MS techniques for variation study in phytoconstituents.
Phytochemistry: Advances in Phytochemical Research
by Shashank Kumar Chukwuebuka EgbunaPhytochemistry is the branch of science that deals with the study of plant-derived chemicals or compounds, which are also known as phytochemicals or plant-derived secondary metabolites. Plants are known to produce phytochemicals that are essential for their growth and reproduction, as they protect them from insects, pathogens, and herbivores. Some of the major groups of plant-derived secondary metabolites are phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannin etc. Plant-derived phytochemicals are pharmacologically active and have the potential to cure various human diseases and disorders. Natural plant products have been known for their medicinal properties for untold years, and form the basis of several medicinal systems such as Chinese, Unani, and Ayurvedic Medicine. This book offers an essential introduction to phytochemicals and their synthetic analogues. It discusses various in silico approaches used to identify pharmacologically active phytochemicals and their biological activities, as well as in vitro and in vivo models/assays that have been utilized for the pharmacological profiling of plant-derived products to combat cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. The intended audience includes upper-level undergraduate and graduate students; researchers and scientists from the pharmaceutical/food chemistry/nutrition sciences/biochemistry, and clinical biochemistry fields; and medical students. Sharing the latest findings, the book will familiarize these readers with the concepts, chemistry, and tremendous potential of phytochemistry.
Phytochromes: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2026)
by Andreas HiltbrunnerThis volume aims at providing readers with protocols to enhance their research for the next decade of phytochrome research. The chapters in this book cover topics such as tests for light-dependent interaction of phytochrome binding proteins using yeast two hybrid assays, in vitro pull down, and co-immunoprecipitation from stable transgenic lines; investigations into phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination of phytochromes and other proteins; a look at how in vivo spectroscopy can be used to measure Pfr levels of phytochrome in planta; identifying hormonal action and co-action in light-regulated processes; and ways to use the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate Physcomitrella mutant lines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Phytochromes: Methods and Protocols serves as a guideline to researchers who are new to the field, and a stepping stone for experienced researchers looking to expand their knowledge of this evolving field.
Phytoecdysteroids: Properties, Biological Activity and Applications
by Ugiloy Yusufovna Yusupova Nurmurod Sheralievich Ramazonov Vladimir Nikolaevich Syrov Shomansur Shosaidovich SagdullaevThis book presents the results of comprehensive research of an inadequately studied class of secondary plant metabolites: phytoecdysteroids, which are structural analogs of the hormones of molting and metamorphosis of arthropods. The chemical structures of ecdysteroids isolated from plants of the genera Ajuga, Rhaponticum, and Silene have been established. Data on the physicochemical characteristics, reactivity, metabolism, and biological activity of these compounds are presented in this book. Considerations of the role of ecdysteroids in plants are expressed and data on their pharmacological properties are also given. Issues regarding the use of phytoecdysteroids in practical medicine and, accordingly, the technological aspects of deriving drugs on their basis and biologically active food additives of a fortifying type of action are considered as well.The book is intended for specialists in the fields of bioorganic and organic chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, and pharmacology. It is also relevant to scientists of various profiles and teachers and students interested in the problems of the chemistry of natural and physiologically active substances.
Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
by Naser A. Anjum Nafees A. Khan Noushina Iqbal Rahat NazarPlants are sessile and prone to multiple stresses in the changing environmental conditions. Of the several strategies adopted by plants to counteract the adverse effects of abiotic stress, phytohormones provide signals to allow plants to survive under stress conditions. They are one of the key systems integrating metabolic and developmental events in the whole plant and the response of plants to external factors and are essential for many processes throughout the life of a plant and influence the yield and quality of crops. The book 'Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants' summarizes the current body of knowledge on crosstalk between plant stresses under the influence of phytohormones, and provides state-of-the-art knowledge of recent developments in understanding the role of phytohormones and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This book presents information on how modulation in phytohormone levels affect regulation of biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
Phytohormones in Abiotic Stress
by Dhandapani Raju R Ambika Rajendran Ayyagari Ramlal Virendra Pal SinghPlants are continuously exposed to different environmental stresses that negatively impact their physiology and morphology, resulting in production reduction. As a result of constant pressure, plants evolve different mechanisms for sustenance and survival. Hormones play a major role in defences against the stresses and stimulate regulatory mechanisms. One of the ways through which they mitigate stress is via the production of hormones like auxins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, etc. The phytohormones help in signaling and enhance the chances of their survival. Plant hormones play many vital roles from integrating developmental events, physiological and biochemical processes to mediating both abiotic and biotic stresses. This book aims to highlight these issues and provide scope for the development of tolerance in crops against abiotic stresses to maximize yield for the growing population. There is an urgent need for the development of strategies, methods and tools for the broad-spectrum tolerance in plants supporting sustainable crop production under hostile environmental conditions.The salient features are as follows:• It includes both traditional and non-traditional phytohormones and focuses on the latest progress emphasizing the roles of different hormones under abiotic stresses.• It provides a scope of the best plausible and suitable options for overcoming these stresses and puts forward the methods for crop improvement.• It is an amalgamation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones and also provides molecular intricacies and signalling mechanisms in different abiotic stresses.• This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators from recent graduates, academicians and researchers working on phytohormones and abiotic stresses.
Phytohormones in Soils Microbial Production & Function (Books In Soils, Plants, And The Environment Ser.)
by Muhammad Arshad W. T. Frankenberger Jr.Details the various physiological responses in plants caused by microbially derived phytohormones--examining the microbial synthesis of the five primary classes of plant hormones. Exploring novel methods for improving symbiotic associations vital for plant growth and development.
Phytohormones: A Window to Metabolism, Signaling and Biotechnological Applications
by Lam-Son Phan Tran Sikander PalAbiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect plant growth and productivity. The phytohormones regulate key physiological events under normal and stressful conditions for plant development. Accumulative research efforts have discovered important roles of phytohormones and their interactions in regulation of plant adaptation to numerous stressors. Intensive molecular studies have elucidated various plant hormonal pathways; each of which consist of many signaling components that link a specific hormone perception to the regulation of downstream genes. Signal transduction pathways of auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellins and ethylene have been thoroughly investigated. More recently, emerging signaling pathways of brassinosteroids, jasmonates, salicylic acid and strigolactones offer an exciting gateway for understanding their multiple roles in plant physiological processes. At the molecular level, phytohormonal crosstalks can be antagonistic or synergistic or additive in actions. Additionally, the signal transduction component(s) of one hormonal pathway may interplay with the signaling component(s) of other hormonal pathway(s). Together these and other research findings have revolutionized the concept of phytohormonal studies in plants. Importantly, genetic engineering now enables plant biologists to manipulate the signaling pathways of plant hormones for development of crop varieties with improved yield and stress tolerance. This book, written by internationally recognized scholars from various countries, represents the state-of-the-art understanding of plant hormones' biology, signal transduction and implications. Aimed at a wide range of readers, including researchers, students, teachers and many others who have interests in this flourishing research field, every section is concluded with biotechnological strategies to modulate hormone contents or signal transduction pathways and crosstalk that enable us to develop crops in a sustainable manner. Given the important physiological implications of plant hormones in stressful environments, our book is finalized with chapters on phytohormonal crosstalks under abiotic and biotic stresses.
Phytomedicines, Herbal Drugs, and Poisons
by Ben-Erik van WykPlants have been used to treat disease throughout human history. On a clay slab that dates back approximately five thousand years, the Sumerians recorded medicinal recipes that made use of hundreds of plants, including poppy, henbane, and mandrake. During the Middle Ages, monks commonly grew and prescribed plants such as sage, anise, and mint in their monasteries. And as the market for herbal remedies and natural medicine grows, we continue to search the globe for plants and plant compounds to combat our various ailments. In Phytomedicines, Herbal Drugs, and Poisons, Ben-Erik van Wyk offers a richly illustrated, scientific guide to medicinal and poisonous plants, including those used for their mind-altering effects. Van Wyk covers approximately 350 species—from Aloe vera and Ephedra sinica to Cannabis sativa and Coffea arabica—detailing their botanical, geographical, pharmacological, and toxicological data as well as the chemical structures of the active compounds in each. Readers learn, for example, that Acacia senegal, or gum acacia, is used primarily in Sudan and Ethiopia as a topical ointment to protect the skin and mucosa from bacterial and fungal infections, and that Aconitum napellus, more commonly known as aconite, is used in cough syrups but can be psychedelic when smoked or absorbed through the skin. With 350 full-color photographs featuring the plants and some of their derivative products, Phytomedicines, Herbal Drugs, and Poisons will be an invaluable reference not only for those in the health care field but also for those growing their own medicinal herb gardens, as well as anyone who needs a quick answer to whether a plant is a panacea or a poison.
Phytomicrobiome Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture
by Harikesh Bahadur Singh Abd El-Latif Hesham Amit Verma Jitendra Kumar SainiA guide to the role microbes play in the enhanced production and productivity of agriculture to feed our growing population Phytomicrobiome Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture offers an essential guide to the importance of ‘Phytomicrobiome’ and explores its various components. The authors – noted experts on the topic – explore the key benefits of plant development such as nutrient availability, amelioration of stress and defense to plant disease. Throughout the book, the authors introduce and classify the corresponding Phytomicrobiome components and then present a detailed discussion related to its effect on plant development: controlling factors of this biome, its behaviour under the prevailing climate change condition and beneficial effects. The book covers the newly emerging technical concept of Phytomicrobiome engineering, which is an advanced concept to sustain agricultural productivity in recent climatic scenario. The text is filled with comprehensive, cutting edge data, making it possible to access this ever-growing wealth of information. This important book: Offers a one-stop resource on phytomicrobiome concepts Provides a better understanding of the topic and how it can be employed for understanding plant development Contains a guide to sustaining agriculture using phytomicrobiome engineering Presents information that can lead to enhanced production and productivity to feed our growing population Written for students, researchers and policy makers of plant biology, Phytomicrobiome Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture offers a clear understanding of the importance of microbes in overall plant growth and development.
Phytomycology and Molecular Biology of Plant Pathogen Interactions
by Dr Imran Ul Haq Dr Siddra Ijaz Dr Iqrar Ahmad KhanPlants are exposed to highly diverse microbiota forming complex interactions in natural environments. Phytomycology and Molecular Biology of Plant Pathogen Interactions presents information on defense mechanisms of the plants, as various microbes can have positive effects on their plant hosts. Key Features Delineates the journey from Koch’s postulate to molecular systems biology. Provides comprehensive information on fungal biology, pathogenicity genes, and their expression while interacting with host plants. Highlights the techniques and approaches involved in phytofungi identification and detection. Describes multi-omics approaches and metabolic engineering in plant fungi. This book is beneficial to readers including plant scientists and researchers, particularly plant pathologists, molecular biologists, and mycologists.
Phytonanotechnology
by Maulin P. Shah Arpita RoyThis book provides essential information on the role of phytonanotechnology in the removal of environmental pollutants and covers recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies on plant-derived nanoparticles. It also discusses their current and potential applications and challenges.The combination of nanotechnology and phytoremediation, which is called phytonanotechnology, have the potential to remove contaminants from the environment or degrade them. The efficiency of contaminant removal can be improved by combining both methods as they are complementary to each other.Phytonanotechnology offers the advantages of increased bioavailability, prolongation of heavy metal absorption time, and multiple metal removal, all contributing to improved efficacy and decreased toxicity in plants and surroundings. Therefore, there is immense scope for nature-derived molecules to be formulated into nanotechnology-based phytoremediation approaches targeting the specific heavy metal removal from effluents and surroundings. This encourages research initiatives to synthesize more phytonanotechnology based uptake plant systems with high efficiency. Efficient formulation targeting strategies and the evaluation of targeting efficiency of phytonanotechnology, conforming to international standards of their toxicology and biocompatibility, could pave the way for heavy metal uptake and removal by plant-based systems.This book serves as a valuable resource for postgraduate students, environmental scientists and materials scientists in academia and corporate research.
Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Plant Diseases
by BS ThindThe field of Phytobacteriology is rapidly advancing and changing, because of recent advances in genomics and molecular plant pathology, but also due to the global spread of bacterial plant diseases and the emergence of new bacterial diseases. So, there is a need to integrate understanding of bacterial taxonomy, genomics, and basic plant pathology that reflects state-of-the-art knowledge about plant-disease mechanisms. This book describes seventy specific bacterial plant diseases and presents up-to-date classification of plant pathogenic bacteria. It would be of great help for scientists and researchers in conducting research on ongoing projects or formulation of new research projects. The book will also serve as a text book for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of disciplines of Phytobacteriology and Plant Pathology. Contains latest and updated information of plant pathogenic bacteria till December 2018 Describes seventy specific bacterial diseases Presents classification of the bacteria and associated nomenclature based on Bergey’s Manual Systematic Bacteriology and International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Discusses practical and thoroughly tested disease management strategies that would help in controlling enormous losses caused by these plant diseases Reviews role of Type I-VI secretion systems and peptide- or protein-containing toxins produced by bacterial plant pathogens Briefs about plants and plant products that act as carriers of human enteric bacterial pathogens, like emphasizing role of seed sprouts as a common vehicle in causing food-borne illness Dr B. S. Thind was ex-Professor-cum-Head, Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, India. He has 34 years of experience in teaching, research, and transfer of technology. He has conducted research investigations on bacterial blight of rice, bacterial stalk rot of maize, bacterial blight of cowpea, bacterial leaf spot of green gram, bacterial leaf spot of chillies and bacterial soft rot of potatoes. He also acted as Principal Investigator of two ICAR-funded research schemes entitled, "Detection and control of phytopathogenic bacteria from cowpea and mungbean seeds from 1981 to 1986 and "Perpetuation, variability, and control of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice" from 1989 to 1993, and also of a DST funded research scheme "Biological control of bacterial blight, sheath blight, sheath rot, and brown leaf spot of rice" from 1999 to 2002. He also authored a manual entitled, "Plant Bacteriology" and a text book entitled, "Phytopathogenic Procaryotes and Plant Diseases" published by Scientific Publishers (India). He is Life member of Indian Phytopathological Society, Indian Society of Plant Pathologists, Indian Society of Mycology and Plant Pathology, and Indian Science Congress Association.
Phytopharmaceuticals for Brain Health
by Manashi Bagchi Shahnaz SubhanResearch studies demonstrate diet and proper nutrition in conjunction with cognitive, mental, social, and physical activities can significantly help in improving brain health with advancing age, and potentially reduce the risk of cognitive decline. These studies of phytopharmaceuticals and medicinal plants, demonstrate the efficacy of Huperzine A, berry anthocyanins, trans-resveratrol, Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monniera, Centella asiatica, tocotrienols, and palm oil in boosting brain health and physical well-being. In addition, consumption of marine fishes and general seafood is recommended for long-term nutritional intervention to preserve mental health, hinder neurodegenerative processes, and sustain cognitive capacities in humans. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3/n-6 PUFAs, flavonoids, and antioxidants prevent the initiation and progression of many neurological disorders. This book is a comprehensive review of phytopharmaceuticals impacting brain health with emphasis on diverse applications in food and nutrition sciences, biomedicine, neurology and other scientific and medical fields. It details available methods and contains numerous references making this the perfect guide for scientists who want to explore the fascinating world of phytopharmaceuticals with relation to brain health. Phytopharmaceuticals for Brain Health appeals to a diverse range of readers in industry, medical doctors, research and academia, including biologists, biochemists, food scientists, nutritionists and health professionals. Overall, this book brings a classic scenario of neurological problems to possible amelioration using novel nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Phytopharmaceuticals in Cancer Chemoprevention
by Harry G. Preuss Debasis BagchiDuring the past decade, a significant amount of research has been conducted on phytopharmaceuticals. Today, a growing body of evidence demonstrates the efficacy of a wide variety of natural products and affirms their potential in the treatment of cancer. Phytopharmaceuticals in Cancer Chemoprevention focuses on the role of natural supplemen
Phytopharmaceuticals: Potential Therapeutic Applications
by Durgesh Nandini Chauhan Kamal ShahMedicinal plants contain a variety of bioactive compounds, (also referred to as phytochemicals). in the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. This book covers these bioactive compounds, their available sources, how the bioactive molecules are isolated from the plants, the biochemistry, structural composition and potential biological activities. Also discussed are the pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants, phytochemistry and biological activities of different natural products, ethnobotany and medicinal properties, as well as a novel dietary approach for various disease management and therapeutic potential. The importance of phytopharmaceutical of plants and potential applications in the food and pharma industries is highlighted.
Phytopharmacy: An Evidence-Based Guide to Herbal Medicinal Products
by Michael Heinrich Elizabeth M. Williamson Sarah E. Edwards Ines da Costa RochaHealthcare professionals, including doctors, pharmacists and nurses, are often confronted with patients who use over-the-counter (OTC) herbal medicinal products and food supplements. While taking responsibility for one’s own health and treatment options is encouraged, many patients use these products based on limited (and sometimes inaccurate) information from non-scientific sources, such as the popular press and internet. There is a clear need to offer balanced, well-informed advice to patients, yet a number of studies have shown that, generally, conventionally trained health practitioners consider their knowledge about herbal medicinal products and supplements to be weak. Phytopharmacy fills this knowledge gap, and is intended for use by the busy pharmacist, nurse, or doctor, as well as the ‘expert patient’ and students of pharmacy and herbal medicine. It presents clear, practical and concise monographs on over a hundred popular herbal medicines and plant-based food supplements. Information provided in each monograph includes: • Indications• Summary and appraisal of clinical and pre-clinical evidence• Potential interactions• Contraindications• Possible adverse effectsAn overview of the current regulatory framework is also outlined, notably the EU Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive. This stipulates that only licensed products or registered traditional herbal medicinal products (THRs), which have assured quality and safety, can now legally be sold OTC. Monographs are included of most of the major herbal ingredients found in THRs, and also some plant-basedfood supplements, which while not strictly medicines, may also have the potential to exert a physiological effect.
Phytophthora: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2892)
by Monica L. Gerth Rosie E. BradshawThis comprehensive volume examines techniques for studying Phytophthora species, a devastating group of plant pathogens that cause diseases in crops and natural ecosystems worldwide. The book compiles essential molecular techniques and methods, such as CRISPR-Cas genome editing for investigating pathogenicity and resistance, as well as tools for detecting, visualizing, and quantifying disease. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to its respective topic, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Phytophthora: Methods and Protocols equips researchers with the tools needed to address the challenges posed by these destructive microorganisms.
Phytoplankton Pigments
by Suzanne Roy Einar Skarstad Egeland Geir Johnsen Carole A. LlewellynPigments act as tracers to elucidate the fate of phytoplankton in the world's oceans and are often associated with important biogeochemical cycles related to carbon dynamics in the oceans. They are increasingly used in in situ and remote-sensing applications, detecting algal biomass and major taxa through changes in water colour. This book is a follow-up to the 1997 volume Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography (UNESCO Press). Since then, there have been many advances concerning phytoplankton pigments. This book includes recent discoveries on several new algal classes particularly for the picoplankton, and on new pigments. It also includes many advances in methodologies, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and developments and updates on the mathematical methods used to exploit pigment information and extract the composition of phytoplankton communities. The book is invaluable primarily as a reference for students, researchers and professionals in aquatic science, biogeochemistry and remote sensing.
Phytoplankton Whispering: An Introduction to the Physiology and Ecology of Microalgae
by Patricia M. GlibertPhytoplankton, or algae, are the engines of the Earth. They form the base of the aquatic food web and, although microscopic, they produce 50% of the oxygen in the air. Many of our ideas of what makes these cells “tick” come from ideas developed decades ago. But, lakes and oceans are changing- and so, too are phytoplankton. Our understanding has to change accordingly. Nutrient pollution is a major problem worldwide, and climate is changing, altering temperature, CO2 and pH, as well as the physics that control water stratification. All of these factors control which species of phytoplankton may grow well at any particular time. While algae grow in all types of aquatic systems, not all algae are favorable for the production of fish and other food resources. The prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has increased. At the core of this effort is a drive to understand–and to convey to researchers, students and managers–what kinds of phytoplankton are likely to thrive as conditions change and why this matters. There has not yet been a synthetic summary that unravels the mysteries of phytoplankton in a modern world. This book aims to provide such a resource.
Phytoplasma
by Matt Dickinson Jennifer HodgettsPhytoplasmas are a group of bacteria that are capable of multiplying and causing severe diseases in a wide range of plant species and are transported between plants by insect vectors in which the bacteria can also multiply. Phytoplasmas can cause serious and devastating problems for crop plants, especially in developing countries. In Phytoplasmas: Methods and Protocols experts in the field cover topics pertinent to scientists intending to develop a research program on phytoplasmas. The volume opens with an introductory chapter on the importance of phytoplasma diseases, followed by methods for detection and diagnosis as well as techniques for separating and classifying the phytoplasmas into their different taxonomic groups and subgroups. The final chapters cover methods for separating phytoplasma genomic and plasmid DNA from plant DNA for whole genome sequencing. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Phytoplasmas: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to plant pathologists and molecular biologists aiming to set up a diagnostics facility for identifying the presence of these pathogens in plants or their insect vectors.