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Plasmodesmata: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2457)
by Manfred Heinlein Yoselin Benitez-AlfonsoThis fully updated book aims to facilitate the study of the nanochannels that connect plant cells, known as plasmodesmata, and to instigate new research that will further advance our knowledge of these structures. Beginning with the general structural composition and regulation of plasmodesmata as well as their role in plant development and disease, the volume continues with chapters exploring plasmodesmata architectures and distribution in cell interfaces, approaches to dissect plasmodesmata composition, protocols to quantify changes in plasmodesmata permeability using fluorescent tracers and mobile proteins, as well as a section with protocols that contribute to plasmodesmata research but fall outside the previous classifications. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Plasmodesmata: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as a vital guide for all plant scientists, both novice and expert, especially those studying the intricacies of cell-to-cell communication pathways.
Plasmon-enhanced light-matter interactions (Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology #31)
by Zhiming M. Wang Hongxing Xu Peng YuThis book highlights cutting-edge research in surface plasmons, discussing the different types and providing a comprehensive overview of their applications. Surface plasmons (SPs) receive special attention in nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties when operating at the nanoscale. The excitation of SPs in metal nanostructures enables the manipulation of light beyond the diffraction limit, which can be utilized for enhancing and tailoring light-matter interactions and developing ultra-compact high-performance nanophotonic devices for various applications. With clear and understandable illustrations, tables, and descriptions, this book provides physicists, materials scientists, chemists, engineers, and their students with a fundamental understanding of surface plasmons and device applications as a basis for future developments.
Plasmonic Instabilities in Bidimensional Materials (Springer Theses)
by Pedro Afonso Cosme e SilvaThis book provides an in-depth analysis of the hydrodynamics of two-dimensional (2D) electronic systems, with a particular focus on graphene and other Dirac materials. It explores the theoretical framework and numerical simulations to uncover the potential of plasmonic instabilities in advancing nanotechnology. Moreover, the book also addresses the collective behaviour of quasiparticles in 2D materials and offers insights into the complex interplay between hydrodynamic behaviours and plasmonic phenomena. The main topics covered in this book include the hydrodynamic description of charge carriers, nonlinear waves, and topological effects in 2D electronic systems. It provides a comprehensive treatment of the Boltzmann equation to derive fluid-like transport equations, which are then used to study the collective responses and behaviours of these systems. The book also relies on the concept of electrostatic excitations, the plasmons, as an additional fluid and explores their effects and interplay with the charge carriers. One of the significant contributions of this book is the investigation of plasmonic instabilities and their potential applications in creating new active nanodevices, such as THz radiation sources. The theoretical findings are supported by extensive numerical simulations, providing a deeper understanding of the principles governing electronic flow in 2D materials. Further, this work also examines the nonlinear dynamics of electrohydrodynamics, revealing phenomena such as solitary waves, and the criteria for their occurrence. Lastly, the novel aspects of topological efects on the charge flow are also investigated. The importance of this work lies in its dual contribution to fundamental research and practical applications. On the theoretical side, it advances our understanding of the hydrodynamic regime of 2D materials and the transient and dynamic responses of these systems. On the practical side, it proposes novel device implementations, such as plasmonics oscillators and waveguides. On that topic, the book addresses the challenges of these devices, offering solutions to enhance controllability and to boost performance as well. This book is essential for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of quantum plasmas, 2D materials, and plasmonics. It is particularly valuable for plasma scientists interested in exploring 2D materials and condensed matter physicists who wish to study the hydrodynamic regime and the dynamic responses of these systems. By providing a detailed and comprehensive understanding of these advanced topics, this book paves the way for future research and technological innovations in the rapidly evolving fields of electrohydrodynamics and plasmonics.
Plasmonic MEMS (Synthesis Lectures on Materials and Optics)
by John X. ZhangThis book covers key topics in the emerging field of plasmonic MEMS, with an emphasis on practical aspects. Although readers can find many comprehensive textbooks on electromagnetic waves, nanophotonics and plasmonics, most of these lack the focus needed for a thorough grasp of plasmonic micromachining and MEMS.This book introduces the main framework of plasmonic MEMS, providing an overview of introductory concepts, a thorough description of the basic foundations, along with the state-of-the-art and existing challenges. The author presents an abbreviated overview of the basic physics and devices related to electromagnetic waves and surface plasmons. Additional coverage includes recent advances in the fabrication of sub-100-nm patterns on micro scale devices and structures and a review of emerging techniques in the fabrication of plasmonic systems. A comprehensive and historical review of the current advances in the area of plasmonic nanofabrication is also included.This book focuses on an appealing and distinctive aspect of plasmonics, as a tool for patterning and the fabrication of ultra-fine resolution structures. The author reviews the recent developments in plasmonic MEMS and microsystems for biosensing applications, including refractive-index based label-free biosensing, plasmonic integrated lab-on-chip systems, plasmonic for near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and plasmonics on-chip system for cellular imaging.
Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications
by Caixia KanFirsthand insights on a unique class of optoelectronic materials, covering technologies and applications in catalysis, sensing, and spectroscopy Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures provides broad coverage of the field of plasmonic technologies, from fundamentals to real-world applications such as highly sensitive spectroscopy and surface analysis techniques, summarizing the recent progress in plasmonics and their applications, with a focus on comprehensive and authoritative discussions of fabrication and characterization of the materials and their technological uses. The text also addresses current trends and advances in materials for plasmonics, such as nanostructures with novel shapes, composite nanostructures, and thin films. Starting with an overview of optical properties in materials from macro- to micro- and nanoscale, the text then moves on to discuss the fundamentals and dielectric modifications and advanced characterization methods of plasmonic nanostructures. Next, the latest development of metal nanostructures, such as core-shell and porous nanorods, nanowires for conductive films, new star-like nanoplates, different open nanostructures, and metal-semiconductor composite nanostructures, are explained in detail. The final portion of the text discusses applications of plasmonics for semiconductor optoelectronic devices, catalysis, sensing, SERS (surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy), and energy. Written by a highly qualified academic, Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures covers sample topics such as: Drude model for free electron gas, dielectric function of the free electron gas, surface plasmon polaritons, plasmon at metal-vacuum interface, and surface plasmon effects Drude-Lorentz model of metal nanoparticles, dielectric properties of complex nanostructures, optical property analysis of isolated nanoparticles, and numerical simulation of optical properties One-dimensional Au nanostructures, core-shell nanostructures, alloy Au/Ag nanorods, porous nanorods, and yolk-shell nanostructures FCC nanoplates, Au nanoplates with novel and well-defined shapes, metal decorated semiconductors, and optical properties of Au NBP-embedded nanostructures Providing complete coverage of plasmonic nanostructures and their applications in catalysis, sensing, spectroscopy, thin-film, analysis, optoelectronics, and a variety of other fields. The book about Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures is an essential resource for materials scientists, physics researchers and photochemists, along with catalytic, biomedical, and physical chemists.
Plasmonic Nanosensors for Biological and Chemical Threats
by Adil DenizliBiological and chemical warfare agents, including viruses, bacteria, and explosive and radioactive compounds, can induce illness or death in humans, animals, and plants. Plasmonic nanosensors as detection tools of these agents offer significant advantages, including rapid detection, sensitivity, selectivity, and portability. This book explores novel and updated research on different types of plasmonic nanosensors for analysis of biological and chemical threat agents. It covers a brief theory of plasmonic nanosensors, summarizes the state-of-art in the molecular recognition of biological and chemical threat agents, and describes the application of various types of nanosensors in the detection of these threat agents.This book: Brings together recent academic research from an interdisciplinary approach including chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology Discusses current trends and developments Describes applications of a variety of different types of plasmonic nanosensors Explores outlooks and expectations for this technology Showcasing the latest achievements in plasmonic nanosensors, this book will appeal to researchers in materials, chemical, and environmental engineering as well as chemistry interested in exploring the application of sensors to support environmental monitoring and global health.
Plasmonic Nanosensors for Detection of Aqueous Toxic Metals
by Dinesh Kumar Rekha SharmaDelving into the development of plasmonic nanosensors to detect toxic heavy metal ions in aqueous media, this book explores a significant and burgeoning branch of nanosensor technology based on plasmon resonance and serves as a guide for conducting research in this area. All types of nanosensors for water treatment and detection of heavy metals are also introduced. Plasmonic Nanosensors for Detection of Aqueous Toxic Metals provides up-to-date data upon which researchers and ecologists, industrialists, and academicians can build to create a variety of plasmonic nanosensors. This book also covers paper-based devices based on plasmon for quantifying toxic metals in water and considers important applications of different plasmon-based nanomaterials—graphene, core-shell, quantum dots, nanoporous membrane, carbon nanotubes, and nanofibers. It is an accessible resource for all those involved in the field of nanosensors and their applications and can pave the way for a better understanding of nanosensor technology with regard to toxic metals. Key features: Gives an in-depth account of the extraordinary optical property at the nanoscale and its use in sensing Offers up-to-date study and practical results for academia, researchers, and engineers working in water treatment and purification Provides sensing application of thematic nanomaterials such as quantum dots and core-shell
Plasmonic Photocatalysis: Principles and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Zhenglong ZhangThis book highlights the principles, research advances, and applications of plasmonic photocatalysis. As a new class of catalysts, plasmonic nanostructures with the unique ability to harvest solar energy across the entire visible spectrum and produce effective photocatalysis are viewed as a promising pathway for the energy crisis. Although plasmonic catalysis has been widely reported, the excitation mechanism and energy transfer pathway are still controversial. Meanwhile, the latest discovery of catalysis on nanomaterials is less reported. This book outlines the basics of plasmonic photocatalysis, including the electromagnetic properties of metal materials and surface plasmon, and discusses the catalytic mechanisms including the nearfield enhancements, hot electron, and thermal effects. In addition, the measurement methods and current advances on molecules and nanocrystals are presented in detail. Suitable for graduate students and researchers in physics, optics and optical engineering, and materials science, the book will deepen readers' understanding of the interaction between light and nanomaterials and expand their knowledge of the principles and applications of nanophotonics.
Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications
by Adil DenizliPlasmonic Sensors and their Applications A practically-focused reference and guide on the use of plasmonic sensing as a faster and cheaper alternative to conventional sensing platforms Plasmons, the collective oscillations of electrons occurring at the interface between any two materials, are sensitive to changes in dielectric properties near metal surfaces. Plasmonic sensors enable the real-time study of unique surface properties by monitoring the effect of the material interaction at the sensor surface. Plasmonic sensing techniques offer fast, label-free analysis, and hold advantages over labelling techniques such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications examines the development and use of highly sensitive and selective plasmonic sensing platforms in chemistry, biotechnology, and medicine. Contributions by an international panel of experts provide timely and in-depth coverage of both real-world applications and academic research in the dynamic field. The authors describe advances in nanotechnology, polymer chemistry, and biomedicine, explore new and emerging applications of plasmonic sensing, discuss future trends and potential research directions, and more. This authoritative volume: Demonstrates why plasmonic sensing is a profitable method for easy and label-free analysis in real-timeCovers a variety of applications of plasmonic sensors, such as disease diagnostics, vitamin detection, and detection of chemical and biological warfare agents Includes a brief introduction to the history and development of plasmonic sensorsProvides concise theory and background for every application covered in the text Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications is an invaluable resource for analytical chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, protein and surface chemists, and advanced students of biotechnology.
Plasmonics and Light–Matter Interactions in Two-Dimensional Materials and in Metal Nanostructures: Classical and Quantum Considerations (Springer Theses)
by Paulo André GonçalvesThis thesis presents a comprehensive theoretical description of classical and quantum aspects of plasmonics in three and two dimensions, and also in transdimensional systems containing elements with different dimensionalities. It focuses on the theoretical understanding of the salient features of plasmons in nanosystems as well as on the multifaceted aspects of plasmon-enhanced light–matter interactions at the nanometer scale. Special emphasis is given to the modeling of nonclassical behavior across the transition regime bridging the classical and the quantum domains. The research presented in this dissertation provides useful tools for understanding surface plasmons in various two- and three-dimensional nanostructures, as well as quantum mechanical effects in their response and their joint impact on light–matter interactions at the extreme nanoscale. These contributions constitute novel and solid advancements in the research field of plasmonics and nanophotonics that will help guide future experimental investigations in the blossoming field of nanophotonics, and also facilitate the design of the next generation of truly nanoscale nanophotonic devices.
Plasmonics for Hydrogen Energy (SpringerBriefs in Energy)
by Katsuaki TanabeThis book provides an overview of the fundamentals of plasmonic field enhancement phenomena and the recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy technologies that utilize plasmonics for their performance enhancement. Hydrogen energy is currently a representative clean energy without polluting or greenhouse emission in its use. However, industrial production of hydrogen molecules, or other usable hydrogen-containing molecules, is required for the use of hydrogen energy. It is also important to produce hydrogen in clean, renewable manners, to contribute to the solution of the environmental problems, such as atmospheric pollution and global warming, and of the depletion of energy resources. For the widespread use of hydrogen energy, technical developments particularly for hydrogen production and storage are highly sought after. Free electrons in metals, particularly around metal surfaces or interfaces with dielectric materials, exhibit a strong interaction with electromagnetic fields or light in the form of collective oscillation, named surface plasmons. The electromagnetic field intensity around subwavelength-size metal particles can be highly localized due to the coupling between the incident photons and collective oscillation of free electrons at the metal surface, resulting in focusing of electromagnetic energy density, or namely local field enhancement.
Plasmonics: Theory and Applications
by Tigran V. Shahbazyan Mark I. StockmanThis contributed volume summarizes recent theoretical developments in plasmonics and its applications in physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, and medicine. It focuses on recent advances in several major areas of plasmonics including plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies, light scattering, many-body effects, nonlinear optics, and ultrafast dynamics. The theoretical and computational methods used in these investigations include electromagnetic calculations, density functional theory calculations, and nonequilibrium electron dynamics calculations. The book presents a comprehensive overview of these methods as well as their applications to various current problems of interest.
Plasmons as Sensors
by Jan BeckerPlasmons as Sensors covers the fundamental developments of plasmonic nanosenor design over the last few years. In his acclaimed thesis, Jan Becker addresses the relevant theoretical concepts and then applies these to discuss the properties and trends in nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. The first discovery Jan makes in his PhD research is that there is an optimal shape for plasmonic nanoparticles used for sensing purposes. In further chapters he goes on to describe novel experimental methods to use plasmonic nanoparticles for molecular sensing. The approach he develops in parallel sensing is one which revolutionizes the field and allows investigation of a variety of topics from nanoparticle growth to membrane protein attachment. Many of the experiments described in this thesis have led to highly visible publications in international journals.
Plastic Bottles: Processing, Recycling, Regulations and Alternatives
by Tanvi Vats Shubhanshi SharmaPlastic Bottles: Processing, Recycling, Regulations and Alternatives explores the lifecycle of plastic bottles, from creation to disposal, offering a comprehensive and accessible look at bottle packaging. The book is divided into five parts as follows Part 1: The History of Plastic Bottles Traces the development and integration of plastic bottles into daily life. Covers materials used, labeling, and manufacturing processes in the industry. Part 2: Environmental Impact Examines the limitations of plastic bottles and their environmental consequences. Discusses challenges in recycling and showcases case studies. Highlights advanced recycling technologies and techniques. Part 3: Biopolymers as an Alternative Introduces biopolymers as sustainable alternatives to traditional plastic. Explores types of biopolymers suitable for bottle production. Discusses potential benefits and challenges of biopolymer adoption. Part 4: Regulations and Policies Focuses on global regulatory frameworks for plastic and biopolymer use. Covers Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and its role in waste management. Part 5: Future of Bottle Packaging Looks ahead at developments in sustainable packaging solutions. Discusses innovations in recycling and emerging research trends. Target Audience✓ Accessible to students, academics, and industry professionals from both scientific and non-scientific backgrounds.✓ Concise and easy-to-read, making it suitable for a wide ranging audience.This book provides a thorough yet compact overview of the plastic and biopolymer bottle packaging industry, offering valuable insights for both academia and industry.
Plastic Deformation of Nanostructured Materials
by A.M. Glezer E.V. Kozlov N.A. Koneva N. A. Popova I. A. KurzinaPlastic Deformation of Nanostructured Materials offers comprehensive analysis on the most important data and results in the field of materials strength and mechanics. This reference systematically examines the special features of the mechanical behavior and corresponding structural mechanisms of crystal structure defects with grain sizes that range from meso- to micro- levels.
Plastic Eaters: Wax Worms on the Job (Fountas & Pinnell Classroom, Guided Reading Grade 6)
by Catherine JohnWorms Hold the Key Plastic is piling up everywhere, clogging landfills and oceans. Even as people around the globe recycle and reuse plastic, the problem persists. But scientists may have discovered a solution: WORMS! Yes, wax worms may hold the key to solving our plastic problem. Read on to discover why scientists are so excited about these white wiggly worms. NIMAC-sourced textbook
Plastic Forming Processes (Wiley-iste Ser.)
by Maurice ReynePlastics may undergo an industrial treatment for many reasons including strength, chemical inertness, biodegradability, and heat resistance. Providing an overview of the various treatments utilized in the plastics industry, this title examines the numerous treatments in use as well as the differences in treatments based on the type of plastic and the type of component being treated.
Plastic Free: The Inspiring Story of a Global Environmental Movement and Why It Matters
by Joanna Atherfold Finn Rebecca Prince-RuizIn July 2011, Rebecca Prince-Ruiz challenged herself to go plastic free for the whole month. Starting with a small group of people in the city of Perth, the Plastic Free July movement has grown into a 250-million strong community across 177 countries, empowering people to reduce single-use plastic consumption and create a cleaner future.This book explores how one of the world’s leading environmental campaigns took off and shares lessons from its success. From narrating marine-debris research expeditions to tracking what actually happens to our waste to sharing insights from behavioral research, it speaks to the massive scale of the plastic waste problem and how we can tackle it together. Interweaving interviews from participants, activists, and experts, Plastic Free tells the inspiring story of how ordinary people have created change in their homes, communities, workplaces, schools, businesses, and beyond.It is easy to feel overwhelmed in the face of global environmental problems and wonder what difference our own actions could possibly make. Plastic Free offers hope for the future through the stories of those who have taken on what looked like an insurmountable challenge and succeeded in innovative and practical ways, one step—and one piece of plastic—at a time.
Plastic Matter (Elements)
by Heather DavisPlastic is ubiquitous. It is in the Arctic, in the depths of the Mariana Trench, and in the high mountaintops of the Pyrenees. It is in the air we breathe and the water we drink. Nanoplastics penetrate our cell walls. Plastic is not just any material—it is emblematic of life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In Plastic Matter Heather Davis traces plastic’s relations to geology, media, biology, and race to show how matter itself has come to be understood as pliable, disposable, and consumable. The invention and widespread use of plastic, Davis contends, reveals the dominance of the Western orientation to matter and its assumption that matter exists to be endlessly manipulated and controlled by humans. Plastic’s materiality and pliability reinforces these expectations of what matter should be and do. Davis charts these relations to matter by mapping the queer multispecies relationships between humans and plastic-eating bacteria and analyzing photography that documents the racialized environmental violence of plastic production. In so doing, Davis provokes readers to reexamine their relationships to matter and life in light of plastic’s saturation.
Plastic Mechanics of Geomaterial (Springer Geophysics)
by Yuanxue Liu Yingren Zheng<p>This book presents the basic theories of Plastic Mechanics of Geomaterial, including the static and dynamic mechanical properties, nonlinear and classical plastic theory, yield surface theory, hardening model, flow rule and loading–unloading criterion, the calculation theory of principal stress axe rotation, and limit analysis of geomaterial and the latest advances in FEM limit analysis. It also set forth the typical static and dynamic constitutive model of geomaterial in detail. <p>Broadening our understanding of the basic mechanical properties and constitutive model for geomaterial, the book helps readers to establish and select the most appropriate constitutive model according to the specific engineering problems and geomaterial characteristics. This book is a valuable resource for designers and researchers in fields related to geotechnical engineering, and it can also be used as a textbook for graduate courses.</p>
Plastic Ocean
by Capt. Charles MooreA prominent seafaring environmentalist and researcher shares his shocking discovery of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, and inspires a fundamental rethinking of the Plastic Age. In the summer of 1997, Charles Moore set sail from Honolulu returning home after competing in a trans-Pacific race. To get to California, he and his crew took a shortcut through the seldom-traversed North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, a vast "oceanic desert" where winds are slack and sailing ships languish. There, Moore realized his catamaran was surrounded by a "plastic soup." He had stumbled upon the largest garbage dump on the planet--a spiral nebula where plastic outweighed zooplankton, the ocean's food base, by a factor of six to one. In Plastic Ocean, Moore recounts his ominous findings and unveils the secret life and hidden proper ties of plastics. From milk jugs to polymer molecules small enough to penetrate human skin or be unknowingly inhaled, plastic is now suspected of contributing to a host of ailments, including infertility, autism, thyroid dysfunction, and some cancers. An urgent call to action, Moore's sobering revelations will be embraced by activists, concerned parents, and anyone concerned about the deadly impact and implications of this man-made blight.
Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors: Science, Technology and Applications (Series in Fiber Optic Sensors)
by Marcelo M. Werneck Regina Célia S. B. AllilPlastic Optical Fiber Sensors cover the fundamentals and applications of a new class of fiber sensors. With contributions from leading academics in the area, this book covers the theory of plastic optical fiber sensors or (POFs), as well as applications in oil, gas, biotechnology, and energy fields. Using multiple examples, the editors showcase the advantageous characteristics of POFs, such as ease of handling, large diameter, inexpensive peripheral components and simple termination tools. By doing so, the editors assert that there has been a proliferation of the use of POFs in new consumer products. The book also highlights uses for building various products, such as a POF sensor for oil trucker valve monitoring, a monitoring system for high voltage substation switch, an oil leaking sensor for offshore platforms and a solar tracker for illumination. Including over 300 black and white images, this book would be highly beneficial for professionals in manufacturing as well as academics in universities, particularly those who use optical fiber sensors on a regular basis.
Plastic Pollution: Challenges and Green Solutions
by Malti Goel Neha G. TripathiThis book provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges being faced in managing plastic waste and showcases innovative solutions that can mitigate the adverse effects of plastic pollution on the environment. This timely book brings together a multi-disciplinary group of experts to outline the scale and complexity of the plastics pollution issue while advancing innovative and inclusive solutions. Spanning perspectives from policy, industry, advocacy, technology, and academia, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of plastic waste sources, impacts, and management approaches. Policymakers, municipal authorities, industry leaders, entrepreneurs, researchers, students, advocates and informed citizens seeking to drive progress on sustainable plastic waste management will find crucial insights and inspirational models in this book.
Plastic Purge: How to Use Less Plastic, Eat Better, Keep Toxins Out of Your Body, and Help Save the Sea Turtles!
by Michael SanClementsNow a Denver Post #1 bestseller. Plastic is everywhere we look. Our computers and children's toys are made out of it, and our water and slices of American cheese are packaged in it. But why is there so much and what is it doing to our bodies? Is it possible to use less plastic and be happier and healthier?In Plastic Purge, ecologist, SanClements has put together the most up-to-date and scientifically-backed information available to explain how plastics release toxins into your body and the effect they have on your and your children's health. Both approachable and engaging, Plastic Purge provides easy-to-follow advice for how to use less plastic, thereby reaping the benefits such as eating a healthier diet and living with less clutter. Dividing plastics into three separate categories: the good, the bad, and the ugly, SanClements shows you how to embrace the good (items like your phone or medical equipment), avoid the bad (food storage containers and toys that contain toxic chemicals), and use less of the ugly (single-use plastic that's just plain wasteful).With the help of Michael SanClements's Plastic Purge, you and your family will develop easy habits to live a healthier and happier lives.
Plastic Scintillators: Chemistry and Applications (Topics in Applied Physics #140)
by Matthieu HamelThis book introduces the physics and chemistry of plastic scintillators (fluorescent polymers) that are able to emit light when exposed to ionizing radiation, discussing their chemical modification in the early 1950s and 1960s, as well as the renewed upsurge in interest in the 21st century. The book presents contributions from various researchers on broad aspects of plastic scintillators, from physics, chemistry, materials science and applications, covering topics such as the chemical nature of the polymer and/or the fluorophores, modification of the photophysical properties (decay time, emission wavelength) and loading of additives to make the material more sensitive to, e.g., fast neutrons, thermal neutrons or gamma rays. It also describes the benefits of recent technological advances for plastic scintillators, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots, which allow features that were previously not achievable with regular organic molecules or organometallics.