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Pollen Chemistry & Biotechnology
by Nesrin Ecem Bayram Aleksandar Ž. Kostic Yusuf Can GercekPollen is made up of many chemical constituents such as proteins, sugars, lipids, minerals and phytochemicals. These components make pollen products an excellent source of nutrients and antioxidants for consumers. However, mycotoxigenic fungi are also common in pollen, creating contamination from generated mycotoxins. With adequate monitoring, sampling, processing and storage of pollen the development of mycotoxins can be significantly prevented. Since pollen grain has strong membranes which can limit the bioavailability of some nutrients and phytochemicals, novel methods and pretreatments are required with special emphasis on microbiological pretreatment methodologies. Pollen Chemistry & Biotechnology summarizes current knowledge of the chemical composition of pollen, its importance as a functional food ingredient and its health promoting properties. As Introduction part a short elaborate about botanical characteristics and data, including morphology and anatomy of pollen and bee preferences, is given. Important factors such as the botanical and geographical origin, best practices for preservation of nutritional composition, bioactivity and safety of pollen are covered in full. The nutritional profile of pollen based on data for minerals, lipids and nutrients is presented. A detailed phytochemical profile of pollen based on data for phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, bioactive compounds is also covered. Areas for the improvement of the bioavailability of different nutrients and bioactive compounds of pollen via applied pretreatments are presented, as are best practices for adequate pollen collection, procession and storage in order to obtain safe products. At the end, an overview about pollen bioactivity as reason to use it as source of pharmaceuticals is made.
Pollen Cryopreservation Protocols (Springer Protocols Handbooks)
by P. E. Rajasekharan M. R. RohiniThis volume focuses upon pollen cryopreservation in various crops from the most widely cultivated tomato to the lesser known medicinal species like Decalepis arayalpatra. Chapters detail standard techniques such as pollen collection, cryopreservation, pollen , germination tests for viability, and specific crops. Step-by-step protocols are complemented by personal notes, precautions, and specifying the reagents to be used in each step to ensure the repeatability of the procedure across labs. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Pollen Cryopreservation Protocols aims to serve as reference for researchers studying plant breeding and plant conservation biology.
Pollen Partners
by Amy TaoDo you know how new flowers are made? It’s a process called pollination, which is what happens when pollen is moved from one flower to another! The flowers rely on animals like bees and hummingbirds to do this for them, and in return, they offer the animals delicious nectar to eat. What is your favorite pollen-moving animal?
Pollen Tip Growth
by Gerhard Obermeyer José FeijóThis book focuses on the biophysical aspects of tip growth: How do physical parameters like pressure, water potential, electrical fields, or ion currents contribute to and influence this specialized and highly dynamic form of cell growth? It provides an updated and balanced overview of the current state of knowledge and future research perspectives regarding how pollen tubes' growth is driven and regulated by molecular interactions underlying the cellular processes. The individual chapters address topics ranging from molecular biophysical concepts to comprehensive omic studies and computational modeling of the tip growth process. In addition, a chapter on root hair cells is included to provide an alternative view on the underlying molecular principles of tip growth in general. Each chapter provides a summary of cutting-edge techniques, results and experimental data; a statement, hypothesis or conclusion on the importance of the aspect described for tip growth, particularly pollen tip growth; and addresses open gaps in our understanding and potential approaches to remedying them. The book offers experimental and theoretical solutions to help established researchers and newcomers to the field alike solve the many mysterious behaviors of pollen tube tips.
Pollen and Pollen Tube Biology: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2160)
by Anja GeitmannThis volume explores a collection of experimental techniques used to investigate different aspects of pollen development and function, including its role in reaching the ovule and delivering the two sperm cells. The techniques discussed range from basic methodology to cultivate pollen in vitro to the sophisticated experiments involving micromanipulation, Lab-on-Chip technology, or high-end imaging. The chapters in this book cover topics such as pollen grain counting using a cell counter; restricted pollination for tracing individual pollen tubes in a pistil; obtaining mutant pollen for phenotypic analysis and pollen tube dual-staining; analyzing intracellular gradients in pollen tubes; and measuring exocytosis rate in Arabidopsis pollen tube using corrected fluorescence recovery after photoconversion (cFRAPc) technique. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Pollen and Pollen Tube Biology: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for novice and expert scientists interested in learning more about the field of plant reproduction.
Pollen and Spores: Applications with Special Emphasis on Aerobiology and Allergy
by S N AgashePalynology finds applications in various fields. Some of them are taxonomy, plant evolution, plant breeding programmes, biotechnology, microbiology of water, soil and air, the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry, energy food industry, forensic science, aerobiology, allergy, epidemiology, meteorology, fossil fuel exploration and biodiversity.
Pollination Biology
by Dharam P. AbrolThis book has a wider approach not strictly focused on crop production compared to other books that are strictly oriented towards bees, but has a generalist approach to pollination biology. It also highlights relationships between introduced and wild pollinators and consequences of such introductions on communities of wild pollinating insects. The chapters on biochemical basis of plant-pollination interaction, pollination energetics, climate change and pollinators and pollinators as bioindicators of ecosystem functioning provide a base for future insights into pollination biology. The role of honeybees and wild bees on crop pollination, value of bee pollination, planned honeybee pollination, non-bee pollinators, safety of pollinators, pollination in cages, pollination for hybrid seed production, the problem of diseases, genetically modified plants and bees, the role of bees in improving food security and livelihoods, capacity building and awareness for pollinators are also discussed.
Pollination Biology of Cultivated Oil Seeds and Pulse Crops
by DP AbrolThe book provides in detail information on pollination biology of oilseed and pulse crops. The book presents information on improving productivity of oilseed crops and pulses through planned pollination and safety of pollinators from pesticides. Covering the latest information on various major world oil crops and pulses, this book brings the latest advances together in a single volume for researchers and advanced-level students. The book will enlighten the readers with the latest technological developments in pollination of oilseed crops and pulses and shall be useful to agricultural and applied scientists, extension workers, policy planners, and policymakers to improve rural economy and conservation of global biodiversity.Salient Features Covers the latest information on various aspects of pollination biology of oilseed and pulses crops and brings the latest advances together in a single volume for researchers and advanced level students. An excellent source of advanced study material for academics, researchers, and students and program planners Provides an excellent source of livelihood through enhanced productivity of oilseed and pulse crops. Aims to promote a large, diverse, sustainable, and dependable bee pollinator workforce that can meet the challenge for optimizing production of oil and pulse crops well into the twenty-first century. The pollination requirements of most of the pulse crops have been reported to benefit production of pulse crops both qualitatively and quantitatively. This book will be useful for pollination biologists; honeybee biologists; scientists working in agriculture, animal behaviour, conservation, biology, and ecology; entomologists; environmental biologists, etc.
Pollination Biology, Vol.1
by Dharam P. AbrolThe book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators. Detailed information is provided on pests and pollinators of temperate, subtropical and tropical fruit crops. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. The book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators. Detailed information is provided on pests and pollinators of temperate, subtropical and tropical fruit crops. Pollinators play a crucial role in flowering plant reproduction and in the production of most fruits and vegetables. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. The book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators.
Pollination and Floral Ecology
by Pat WillmerPollination and Floral Ecology is the most comprehensive single-volume reference to all aspects of pollination biology--and the first fully up-to-date resource of its kind to appear in decades. This beautifully illustrated book describes how flowers use colors, shapes, and scents to advertise themselves; how they offer pollen and nectar as rewards; and how they share complex interactions with beetles, birds, bats, bees, and other creatures. The ecology of these interactions is covered in depth, including the timing and patterning of flowering, competition among flowering plants to attract certain visitors and deter others, and the many ways plants and animals can cheat each other. Pollination and Floral Ecology pays special attention to the prevalence of specialization and generalization in animal-flower interactions, and examines how a lack of distinction between casual visitors and true pollinators can produce misleading conclusions about flower evolution and animal-flower mutualism. This one-of-a-kind reference also gives insights into the vital pollination services that animals provide to crops and native flora, and sets these issues in the context of today's global pollination crisis. Provides the most up-to-date resource on pollination and floral ecology Describes flower advertising features and rewards, foraging and learning by flower-visiting animals, behaviors of generalist and specialist pollinators--and more Examines the ecology and evolution of animal-flower interactions, from the molecular to macroevolutionary scale Features hundreds of color and black-and-white illustrations
Pollutant Dispersion in Built Environment
by Tingzhen Ming Chong Peng Tingrui Gong Zhengtong LiThis book discusses energy transfer, fluid flow and pollution in built environments. It provides a comprehensive overview of the highly detailed fundamental theories as well as the technologies used and the application of heat and mass transfer and fluid flow in built environments, with a focus on the mathematical models and computational and experimental methods. It is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of buildings and environment, heat transfer and global warming.
Pollutant Fate and Transport in Environmental Multimedia
by Frank M. Dunnivant Elliot AndersBridges the gaps between regulatory, engineering, and science disciplines in order to comprehensively cover pollutant fate and transport in environmental multimedia This book presents and integrates all aspects of fate and transport: chemistry, modeling, various forms of assessment, and the environmental legal framework. It approaches each of these topics initially from a conceptual perspective before explaining the concepts in terms of the math necessary to model the problem so that students of all levels can learn and eventually contribute to the advancement of water quality science. The first third of Pollutant Fate and Transport in Environmental Multimedia is dedicated to the relevant aspects of chemistry behind the fate and transport processes. It provides relatively simple examples and problems to teach these principles. The second third of the book is based on the conceptual derivation and the use of common models to evaluate the importance of model parameters and sensitivity analysis; complex equation derivations are given in appendices. Computer exercises and available simulators teach and enforce the concepts and logic behind fate and transport modeling. The last third of the book is focused on various aspects of assessment (toxicology, risk, benefit-cost, and life cycle) and environmental legislation in the US, Europe, and China. The book closes with a set of laboratory exercises that illustrate chemical and fate and transport concepts covered in the text, with example results for most experiments. Features more introductory material on past environmental disasters and the continued need to study environmental chemistry and engineering Covers chemical toxicology with various forms of assessment, United States, European, and Chinese regulations, and advanced fate and transport modeling and regulatory implications Provides a conceptual and relatively simple mathematical approach to fate and transport modeling, yet complex derivations of most equations are given in appendices Integrates the use of numerous software packages (pC-pH, EnviroLab Simulators, Water, Wastewater, and Global Issues), and Fate©2016 Contains numerous easy-to-understand examples and problems along with answers for most end-of-the-chapter problems, and simulators for answers to fate and transport questions Includes numerous companion laboratory experiments with EnviroLab Requiring just a basic knowledge of algebra and first-year college chemistry to start, Pollutant Fate and Transport in Environmental Multimedia is an excellent textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate faculty and students studying environmental engineering and science.
Pollutant Studies In Marine Animals
by C. S. GiamThis volume attempts to summarize the joint efforts of a group of workers who developed systems for analysing marine pollution for use with marine animals and then use these systems to monitor certain select marine populations. Approach taken is to seek pollutant-induced changes in metabolite (e.g. glutathione, ascorbate) concentrations, in hormone concentrations, in enzymes associated with pollutant metabolism (e.g. the cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase system), in immunological capacity and in cellular morphology. The work reported here details the specific methods used and summarizes the results of measurement of the parameters in both pristine and exposed animals. Not all systems exhibited changes in response to the pollutants tested; these systems are also discussed here to help others avoid these potential, but insensitive, markers.
Pollutant Transfer and Transport in The Sea: Volume I
by Gunnar KullenbergThis book covers those subject areas considered essential for the transfer and transport of pollutants in the marine environment. This publication will stimulate discussions and interdisciplinary research relevent to pollution problems as well as serve as an educational reference book.
Pollutant Transfer and Transport in the Sea: Volume II
by Gunnar KullenbergThis book covers those subject areas considered essential for the transfer and transport of pollutants in the marine environment. This publication will stimulate discussions and interdisciplinary research relevent to pollution problems as well as serve as an educational reference book.
Pollutants Generated by the Combustion of Solid Biomass Fuels
by Lin Ma Jenny M. Jones Alan Williams Amanda R. Lea-Langton Mohamed PourkashanianThis book considers the pollutants formed by the combustion of solid biomass fuels. The availability and potential use of solid biofuels is first discussed because this is the key to the development of biomass as a source of energy. This is followed by details of the methods used for characterisation of biomass and their classification. The various steps in the combustion mechanisms are given together with a compilation of the kinetic data. The chemical mechanisms for the formation of the pollutants: NOx, smoke and unburned hydrocarbons, SOx, Cl compounds, and particulate metal aerosols are given in detail. Combustion kinetics required for the application for design purposes are given. Examples are given of emission levels of a range different types of combustion equipment. Data is given of NOx, particulates and other pollutant arising from combustion of different fuels in fixed bed combustion, fluidized bed combustion and pulverised biomass combustion and co-firing. Modeling methods including computational fluid dynamics for the various pollutants are outlined. The consequential issues arising from the wide scale use of biomass and future trends are then discussed. In particular the role of carbon capture and storage in large biomass combustion plants is considered as well as the opportunity of reducing the concentration of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide.
Pollutants from Energy Sources: Characterization And Control (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Avinash Kumar Agarwal Rashmi Avinash Agarwal Tarun Gupta Nikhil SharmaThis book discusses different aspects of energy consumption and environmental pollution, describing in detail the various pollutants resulting from the utilization of natural resources and their control techniques. It discusses diagnostic techniques in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. It will be useful for engineers, agriculturists, environmentalists, ecologists and policy makers involved in area of pollutants from energy, environmental safety, and health sectors.
Pollutants of Global Concern: A Comprehensive Overview of Persistent Organic Pollutants (Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies)
by Kanchan KumariThis book is a compilation of all the necessary attributes associated with the knowledge of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) that have been meticulously identified and charted down by the Stockholm Convention. Essential details starting from technical characteristics of the POPs to their expanse of nationwide usage, their remedial procedures adopted in India in comparison to available international data, and their consequent effects on biota and future perspectives are summarized with precision. Additionally, in-house scientific works that have been performed on each chemical are presented. Moreover, a unique feature of this book is that each chapter is dedicated to focusing on a single POP so that all the aspects of its usage, effects and fate can be accurately laid out. The book aims to be a go-to guidebook for stakeholders and academicians dealing with these chemicals who wish to be more acquainted with the present scenario of POPs and their status.
Polluted Earth: The Science of the Earth's Environment
by Alexander GatesPOLLUTED EARTH A fresh and engaging introduction to the science behind pollution disasters for science and non-science majors Coming generations will have to reckon with a growing number of environmental challenges, whether caused by climate change, population growth or industrial production. Polluted Earth: The Science of the Earth’s Environment combines the best features of a textbook and a popular science book. It retains the organization needed for a course while adopting a highly illustrative style that is mirrored in a multitude of case studies: short, self-contained and well-illustrated stories of well-known pollution disasters that are highly engaging for both science and non-science majors, from the historic Black Sunday dust storm in the midwestern United States to the more recent Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico. From the very start, it also introduces the concept of environmental justice that ties pollution to economic and social life, bringing its subject into the world of the reader in an unprecedented way. Polluted Earth readers will also find: Well-known case studies including the Great London smog, the Pacific Gas and Electric case (made famous by Erin Brockovitch), the Exxon Valdez, and more Detailed illustrations showing the spatial and temporal relations of various pollution sources Modern technological solutions already in use by environmental industries A comprehensive list of pollutants, their health & environmental impact and their regulated exposure limits With its fresh and engaging style, Polluted Earth is an ideal introduction to the concepts, tasks and challenges of environmental science for undergraduate students of all disciplines.
Polluted Promises: Environmental Racism and the Search for Justice in a Southern Town
by Melissa CheckerAssociation for Humanist Sociology 2007 Book Award co-winnerJulian Steward Award 2006 Runner-UpOne community's fight against industrial contamination and environmental racismOver the past two decades, environmental racism has become the rallying cry for many communities as they discover the contaminations of toxic chemicals and industrial waste in their own backyards.Living next door to factories and industrial sites for years, the people in these communities often have record health problems and debilitating medical conditions. Melissa Checker tells the story of one such neighborhood, Hyde Park, in Augusta, Georgia, and the tenacious activism of its two hundred African American families. This community, at one time surrounded by nine polluting industries, is struggling to make their voices heard and their community safe again.Polluted Promises shows that even in the post-civil rights era, race and class are still key factors in determining the politics of pollution.
Pollution Control Handbook for Oil and Gas Engineering
by Nicholas P. CheremisinoffThis is a major new handbook that covers hundreds of subjects that cross numerous industry sectors; however, the handbook is heavily slanted to oil and gas environmental management, control and pollution prevention and energy efficient practices. Multi-media pollution technologies are covered : air, water, solid waste, energy. Students, technicians, practicing engineers, environmental engineers, environmental managers, chemical engineers, petroleum engineers, and environmental attorneys are all professionals who will benefit from this major new reference source. The handbook is organized in three parts. Part A provides an extensive compilation of abbreviations and concise glossary of pollution control and engineering terminology. More than 400 terms are defined. The section is intended to provide a simple look-up guide to confusing terminology used in the regulatory field, as well as industry jargon. Cross referencing between related definitions and acronyms are provided to assist the user. Part B provides physical properties and chemical safety information. This part is not intended to be exhaustive; however it does provide supplemental information that is useful to a number of the subject entries covered in the main body of the handbook. Part C is the Macropedia of Subjects. The part is organized as alphabetical subject entries for a wide range of pollution controls, technologies, pollution prevention practices and tools, computational methods for preparing emission estimates and emission inventories and much more. More than 100 articles have been prepared by the author, providing a concise overview of each subject, supplemented by sample calculation methods and examples where appropriate, and references. Subjects included are organized and presented in a macropedia format to assist a user in gaining an overview of the subject, guidance on performing certain calculations or estimates as in cases pertinent to preliminary sizing and selection of pollution controls or in preparing emissions inventories for reporting purposes, and recommended references materials and web sites for more in-depth information, data or computational tools. Each subject entry provides a working overview of the technology, practice, piece of equipment, regulation, or other relevant issue as it pertains to pollution control and management. Cross referencing between related subjects is included to assist the reader to gain as much of a practical level of knowledge.
Pollution Control Technologies: Current Status and Future Prospects (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Avinash Kumar Agarwal Tarun Gupta Swatantra P. Singh Karthik RathinamThis monograph is based on pollution control technologies available to deal with water and air pollution. It includes removal of variety of pollutants including arsenic, chromium, uranium, pesticides and arsenic from water using adsorption technique. In addition, this book deals with the sampling and removal of microplastics using various techniques. The contents also focus on the role of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment, and particulate matter air pollution and its control techniques. This volume will be a useful guide for researchers, academics and scientists.^
Pollution Control for Clean Environment — Volume 2: Proceedings of ICPCCE 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #416)
by Sankarsan Mohapatro Manaswini Behera Rajesh Roshan DashThis book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Pollution Control for Clean Environment (ICPCCE-2023). It introduces readers to the recent emerging pollutants in air and water environments and in solid waste and sheds light on the newly developed control strategies. The book discusses various topics including the occurrence of emerging contaminants, micropollutants in water, wastewater and aquatic environments, occurrence pathways, surface and groundwater pollution, and risk and impact assessment of pollution. The chapters provide advanced information topics including effective monitoring, detection, sustainable practices, cleaner and innovative water and wastewater treatment technologies, and emerging contaminant removal. The book also includes information on energy-positive technologies and recent advances in the upgradation of existing systems. It also extensively discusses life cycle assessment and the application of environmental indicators and circular economy in pollution control strategies. The book covers the interaction of pollutants in the atmosphere and discusses innovative air pollution control strategies, including a detailed discussion of carbon capture and storage. The book presents various strategies for managing solid waste and discusses several novel technologies for the management of the present-day concern of plastic waste and e-waste. Given the present-day need for the recovery and re-use of various waste materials, this book delves extensively into how waste materials can be used for different purposes. It also talks about the recovery of energy and other useful by-products contributing towards economical and sustainable solutions. The book discusses various case studies on recently developed technologies and evaluates a wide range of technologies for pollutant removal and their implementation in the field. This book provides a ready reference for environmental engineers, practitioners, policymakers, and planners. It also served as a practical guide for industrial engineers, government bodies, ecologists, and researchers.
Pollution Control for Clean Environment—Volume 1: Proceedings of ICPCCE 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #415)
by Sankarsan Mohapatro Manaswini Behera Rajesh Roshan DashThis book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Pollution Control for Clean Environment (ICPCCE-2023). It introduces readers to the recent emerging pollutants in air and water environments and in solid waste and sheds light on the newly developed control strategies. The book discusses various topics including the occurrence of emerging contaminants, micropollutants in water, wastewater and aquatic environments, occurrence pathways, surface and groundwater pollution and risk and impact assessment of pollution. The chapters provide advanced information topics including effective monitoring, detection, sustainable practices, cleaner and innovative water and wastewater treatment technologies, and emerging contaminant removal. The book also includes information on energy-positive technologies and recent advances in the upgradation of existing systems. It also extensively discusses life cycle assessment and the application of environmental indicators and circulareconomy in pollution control strategies. The book covers the interaction of pollutants in the atmosphere and discusses innovative air pollution control strategies, including a detailed discussion of carbon capture and storage. The book presents various strategies for managing solid waste and discusses several novel technologies for the management of the present-day concern of plastic waste and e-waste. Given the present-day need for the recovery and re-use of various waste materials, this book delves extensively into how waste materials can be used for different purposes. It also talks about the recovery of energy and other useful by-products contributing towards economical and sustainable solutions. The book discusses various case studies on recently developed technologies and evaluates a wide range of technologies for pollutant removal and their implementation in the field.This book provides a ready reference for environmental engineers, practitioners, policymakers and planners. It also served as a practical guide for industrial engineers, government bodies, ecologists and researchers.
Pollution Control for the Petrochemicals Industry
by M.Brett BorupThe petrochemicals industry is very complex and requires considerable knowledge of the individual processes to develop effective pollution control plans and processes. Information in this small book is intended to provide a base from which one can build. It is not exhaustive in describing the segments of the industry or pollution control techniques; however, it does provide a basic knowledge that should lead to intelligent, environmentally sound solutions to pollution prevention, control, and treatment.