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Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism
by Satish C Bhatla Manju A. LalThis book focuses on the fundamentals of plant physiology for undergraduate and graduate students. It consists of 34 chapters divided into five major units. Unit I discusses the unique mechanisms of water and ion transport, while Unit II describes the various metabolic events essential for plant development that result from plants’ ability to capture photons from sunlight, to convert inorganic forms of nutrition to organic forms and to synthesize high energy molecules, such as ATP. Light signal perception and transduction works in perfect coordination with a wide variety of plant growth regulators in regulating various plant developmental processes, and these aspects are explored in Unit III. Unit IV investigates plants’ various structural and biochemical adaptive mechanisms to enable them to survive under a wide variety of abiotic stress conditions (salt, temperature, flooding, drought), pathogen and herbivore attack (biotic interactions). Lastly, Unit V addresses the large number of secondary metabolites produced by plants that are medicinally important for mankind and their applications in biotechnology and agriculture. Each topic is supported by illustrations, tables and information boxes, and a glossary of important terms in plant physiology is provided at the end.
Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism
by Manju A. Lal Satish C. BhatlaThis textbook is second edition of popular textbook of plant physiology and metabolism. The first edition of this book gained noteworthy acceptance (more than 4.9 Million downloads) among graduate and masters level students and faculty world over, with many Universities recommending it as a preferred reading in their syllabi. The second edition provides up to date and latest information on all the topics covered while also including the basic concepts. The text is supported with clear, easy to understand Figures, Tables, Box items, summaries, perspectives, thought-provoking multiple-choice questions, latest references for further reading, glossary and a detailed subject index. Authors have also added a number of key concepts, discoveries in the form of boxed- items in each chapter. Plant physiology deals with understanding the various processes, functioning, growth, development and survival of plants in normal and stressful conditions. The study involves analysis of the above-stated processes at molecular, sub-cellular, cellular, tissue and plant level in relation with its surrounding environment. Plant physiology is an experimental science, and its concepts are very rapidly changing through applications from chemical biology, cytochemical, fluorometric, biochemical and molecular techniques, and metabolomic and proteomic analysis. Consequently, this branch of modern plant biology has experienced significant generation of new information in most areas. The newer concepts so derived are being also rapidly put into applications in crop physiology. Novel molecules, such nanourea, nitric oxide, gaseous signalling molecules like hydrogen sulphide, are rapidly finding significant applications among crop plants. This textbook, therefore, brings forth an inclusive coverage of the field contained in 35 chapters, divided into five major units. It serves as essential reading material for post-graduate and undergraduate students of botany, plant sciences, plant physiology, agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. This textbook is also of interest to teachers, researchers, scientists, and policymakers.
Plant Polysaccharides-Based Multiple-Unit Systems for Oral Drug Delivery (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Amit Kumar Nayak Md Saquib HasnainThis book explores the use of various plant polysaccharides for pharmaceutical purposes, including drug delivery. It examines the exploitation of plant polysaccharides’ auxiliary functions to enhance drug release, stability, bioavailability and target specificity. Plant-derived materials are at the center of drug-delivery research thanks to their non-toxicity, biodegradability, ready availability, eco-friendliness and low extraction costs. These materials include polysaccharides, a class of naturally occurring polymers consisting of glucose monomers, which serve as storage carbohydrates in cereals, root vegetables, rhizomes, seeds, fruits, etc.
Plant Power: The Importance of Plants in our World
by Claire LlewellynPlants are amazing! They are found in every part of the world, growing from tiny seeds into beautiful blooms, gigantic trees and the delicious fruit and vegetables we eat. Plants are vitally important to humans, animals and even the climate, providing food, shelter, medicines and even helping to clean our planet's air and water. This book tells you everything you need to know about plants, from how they grow, reproduce and make their own food to the variety of ways that humans and animals use plants every single day.Readers can find out about plant parts and plant life cycles, pollination, food chains, photosynthesis, seeds and plant uses, such as in food, homes, furniture, musical instruments and medicines. We find out how plants can inspire us and how we need to protect plants so they can help protect us.This book is perfect for children aged 7+.
Plant Production for Sustainable Society as a Semi-closed Ecosystem
by Yoshiaki KitayaThis book introduces the concept of a semi-closed ecosystem, which is necessary for the social implementation of plant production, such as agriculture, in harmony with the environment. While aiming at achieving a sustainable balance of human activities and environmental protection, this book focuses on the material cycle within each semi-closed system listed below. 1) Mangrove forests as semi-closed systems in coastal ecosystems 2) Environmental control in facility-based plant production systems as semi-closed systems 3) Control of the gaseous environment in the root zone as a semi-closed system 4) Controlled ecological life support system as a completely closed ecosystem in space 5) A sustainable balance of human activities and environmental conservation in urban ecosystems. Developing efficient food production with less environmental loads is an important issue. Plant production is vital to human health and welfare, especially in urban areas as semi-closed ecosystems. Producing food efficiently under consideration of environmental protection is necessary with material-cycling systems, especially in semi-closed ecosystems. Establishing a resource recycling production system with reduced waste emissions has also become important in agriculture. Plant production will play an important role not only in food production (Goal 2 in SDGs) but also in many other goals. This book explains how we must regard plant production as semi-closed ecosystems, reduce material and energy resource inputs, and recycle waste emissions generated during production and consumption processes to solve the various issues. Students and researchers studying Agricultural Environmental Engineering, Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Systems Design for Sustainable Society, Environmental Control in Agriculture, etc., will find this publication a helpful reference.
Plant Programmed Cell Death
by Arunika N. Gunawardena Paul F. MccabeProgrammed cell death (PCD) is a genetically encoded, active process which results in the death of individual cells, tissues, or whole organs. PCD plays an essential role in plant development and defense, and occurs throughout a plant's lifecycle from the death of the embryonic suspensor to leaf and floral organ senescence. In plant biology, PCD is a relatively new research area, however, as its fundamental importance is further recognized, publications in the area are beginning to increase significantly. The field currently has few foundational reference books and there is a critical need for books that summarizes recent findings in this important area. This book contains chapters written by several of the world's leading researchers in PCD. This book will be invaluable for PhD or graduate students, or for scientists and researchers entering the field. Established researchers will also find this timely work useful as an up-to-date overview of this fascinating research area.
Plant Programmed Cell Death
by Arunika N. Gunawardena Paul F. McCabeProgrammed cell death (PCD) is a genetically encoded, active process which results in the death of individual cells, tissues, or whole organs. PCD plays an essential role in plant development and defense, and occurs throughout a plant’s lifecycle from the death of the embryonic suspensor to leaf and floral organ senescence. In plant biology, PCD is a relatively new research area, however, as its fundamental importance is further recognized, publications in the area are beginning to increase significantly. The field currently has few foundational reference books and there is a critical need for books that summarizes recent findings in this important area. This book contains chapters written by several of the world’s leading researchers in PCD. This book will be invaluable for PhD or graduate students, or for scientists and researchers entering the field. Established researchers will also find this timely work useful as an up-to-date overview of this fascinating research area.
Plant Propagation Concepts and Laboratory Exercises
by Robert N. Trigiano Caula A. BeylIncludes a DVD Containing All Figures and Supplemental Images in PowerPointThis new edition of Plant Propagation Concepts and Laboratory Exercises presents a robust view of modern plant propagation practices such as vegetable grafting and micropropagation. Along with foundation knowledge in anatomy and plant physiology, the book takes a look into t
Plant Proteases and Plant Cell Death: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2447)
by Marina Klemenčič Simon Stael Pitter F. HuesgenThis volume presents current methods to detect and measure the activity of proteolytic enzymes in organisms ranging from unicellular algae to flowering plants. Chapters detail in vitro production, characterization of plant proteases, tools for in vivo modifications, proteomic approaches for identification of substrates, inhibitors and interacting partners, and the function of plant proteases in plant programmed cell death. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant Proteases: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Plant Protein Foods
by Loong-Tak Lim Annamalai Manickavasagan Amanat AliRegular consumption of plant-based protein foods instead of animal-based protein foods reduces the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and certain cancers. Apart from human health, the adverse effects to the environment due to the production of protein is much higher for animal sources than plant sources. Greenhouse gas emissions from the production of one pound of lamb meat, for example, are thirty times higher than one pound of lentils.As consumers are increasingly aware of personal health and environmental impact of food production, the demand for plant protein foods is increasing globally. This trend has prompted several large-scale collaborative research projects on plant-based protein products supported by the industry and governmental agencies. Several established multinational meat companies have started adding plant-protein product lines to meet the current demand.This book presents the first comprehensive compilation of literature on plant-based protein foods. Chapters cover protein extraction technologies from plants, comparison of amino acid profiles of plant- and animal-based proteins, approaches to product development for plant-based protein products, health benefits of plant-based protein foods, market opportunities, and future challenges. Plant Protein Foods is an essential reference for consumers, students, researchers, food manufacturers and other stakeholders interested in this domain.
Plant Protein Secretion: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2841)
by Liwen Jiang Jinbo Shen Caiji Gao Xiangfeng WangThis volume explores the latest developments in protein secretion research in plants, as compared to yeast and mammalian systems. The chapters in this book present a diverse and thorough perspective of the field and cover topics such as bioinformatic analysis, proteomic studies, ultrastructural analysis, and genetic screening methods. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Plant Protein Secretion: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for researchers and students in the field of plant biology, and will inspire further advancements in our understanding of protein secretion in plant cells and beyond.
Plant Proteomics
by Hervé ThiellementPlant Proteomics: Methods and Protocols provides up-to-date methods and protocols for plant proteomics, each written by expert researchers from leading laboratories. Experimental methodologies are explained in clear and complete detail for both the wet and dry laboratories. The methods and protocols presented in this volume will inspire the novice as well as the expert researcher to undertake new experimental endeavors in plant proteomics. Chapters 1 and 2 describe standard protocols and chapters 3 through 10 contain optimized protocols for protein extraction of tissues such as cereal seeds, xylem, phloem sap, of woody plants, and of cellular compartments, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. These methods rely on improvements to solubilization of proteins, which is the emphasis of Chapters 11 and 12. Chapters 13 to 23 outline methods for protein identification, including 2DLC or LC of intact proteins, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and MS/MS) with proteins separated by 2D gels, blue native ID gels, and Edman sequencing. Chapters 24 to 29 focus on the rapidly expanding area of analysis of post-translational modifications and protein-protein relationships. Attention is also given to data that proteomics produces, including management of that data, and to statistical tools used for effective analysis.
Plant Proteomics
by Wolfram Weckwerth Jesus V. Jorrin-Novo Setsuko Komatsu Stefanie WienkoopPlant Proteomics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition presents recent advances made in the field of proteomics and their application to plant biology and translational research. In recent years, improvements in techniques and protocols for high-throughput proteomics have been made at all workflow stages, from wet (sampling, tissue and cell fractionation, protein extraction, depletion, purification, separation, MS analysis, quantification) to dry lab (experimental design, algorithms for protein identification, bioinformatics tools for data analysis, databases, and repositories). Divided into nine convenient sections, chapters cover topics such as applications of gel-free, label- or label-free, imaging and targeted approaches to experimental model systems, crops and orphan species, as well as the study and analysis of PTMs, protein interactions, and specific families of proteins, and finally proteomics in translational research. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Plant Proteomics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition seeks to serve both professionals and novices looking to exploit the full potential of proteomics in plant biology research.
Plant Proteomics: Implications in Growth, Quality Improvement, and Stress Resilience
by Aryadeep RoychoudhuryThere have been several advancements made in high-throughput protein technologies creating immense possibilities for studying proteomics on a large scale. Researchers are exploring various proteomic techniques to unravel the mystery of plant stress tolerance mechanisms. Plant Proteomics: Implications in Growth, Quality Improvement, and Stress Resilience introduces readers to techniques and methodologies of proteomics and explains different physiological phenomena in plants and their responses to various environmental cues and defense mechanisms against pathogens. The main emphasis is on research involving applications of proteomics to understand different aspects of the life cycle of plant species including dormancy, flowering, photosynthetic efficiency, nitrogen assimilation, accumulation of nutritional parameters, secondary metabolite production, reproduction and grain yield as well as signalling responses during abiotic and biotic stresses. The book takes a unique approach, encompassing high throughput and sophisticated proteomic techniques while integrating proteomics with other “omics.”Features: Integrates the branch of proteomics with other “omics” approaches including genomics and metabolomics, giving a holistic view of the overall “omics” approaches Covers various proteomics approaches for the identification of biological processes, future perspectives, and upcoming applications to identify diverse genes in plants Presents readers with various proteomics tools for the improvement of plant growth, quality, and resilience against climate change, and pathogen infection Enables researchers in identifying novel proteins that could be used as target to generate plants with improved traits
Plant Proteomics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2139)
by Jesus V. Jorrin-Novo Luis Valledor Mari Angeles Castillejo Maria-Dolores ReyThis third edition details recent advances made in the field of proteomics and the application to plant biology and translational research. In recent years, improvements have been made to protocols on high-throughput proteomics at all workflow stages, from wet to dry labs. Chapters are divided into nine parts, covering methods and protocols such as applications of gel-free, label- or label-free, imaging and targeted approaches to experimental model systems, crops and orphan species, study and analysis of PTMs, protein interactions, specific families of proteins, and finally proteomics in translational research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant Proteomics: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Plant Proteostasis
by Rune Matthiesen L. Maria LoisThis volume is a collection of detailed protocols describing state-of-art approaches that will facilitate the understanding of protein homeostasis in plant stress responses and development. "Plant Proteostasis: Methods and Protocols" is broken into four parts focusing on the study of ubiquitin-dependent post-translational modifications, protocols focused on Ubl post-translational modifications, protein homeostasis, and protocols for the in silico analysis. Written in the highly successful "Methods in Molecular Biology "series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, "Plant Proteostasis: Methods and Protocols "aims to address next challenges in agriculture such as precision horticulture.
Plant Proteostasis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2581)
by L. Maria Lois Marco TrujilloThis second edition compiles state-of-art protocols to study the molecular mechanisms that determine proteome composition and contribute to maintaining protein homeostasis. Chapters describe methods that range from the in vitro analysis of enzyme cascades to real-time in vivo studies. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant Proteostasis: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Plant Protoplasts
by FowkeThe present book thus emphasizes the importance of plant protoplasts for fundamental research. This book is intended to be used b senior undergraduates, graduate students, and research scientists in plant biology.
Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety
by Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam Salah M. Abdel-MomenThe effects of climate change on food safety and plant health represent a relatively new area of study. However, evidence from recent studies is clear: climate change contributes to increased and new food safety & plant health risks as one of several global change factors. This volume analyzes the scientific understanding of the relationship between climate change, food safety, plant pests, plant diseases, and trade. It identifies and discusses four key areas for future policy consideration: risk assessment, SPS capacity in developing countries, climate change resilience, and basic research challenges. We must effectively communicate the impacts of climate change on plant health and build the capacity of national plant protection organizations. More importantly, we need to mobilize resources that will help build stronger national phytosanitary systems that can prevent the spread of plant pests, thereby protecting our food sources and environment, and facilitating safe trade.The present volume is an asset for plant quarantine personnel working in the field, agricultural university students, plant health workers, farmers doing agriculture, plant & seed traders, and all those who use agricultural produce and products. The book is a useful resource for students and professional plant pathologists, entomologists, and plant breeders because it summarizes current knowledge and suggests new research directions. It is also suitable for ecologists & researchers working on crop protection, climate change, and pest control.
Plant Receptor Kinases
by Reidunn Birgitta AalenThis is volume presents protocols relevant for plant receptor kinases(PRK) both in development and defence. Chapters guide readers through comprehensive experimental approach for molecular investigations of plant receptor kinases, from the simplest methods for expression and purification of receptor domains to the most advanced methods aiming at understanding the dynamics of receptor complex formation and specificity of signaling pathways. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Receptor Kinases: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Plant Reintroduction in a Changing Climate: Promises and Perils (Science Practice Ecological Restoration)
by Kristin E. Haskins Joyce MaschinskiThis volume presents a comprehensive review of reintroduction projects and practices, the circumstances of their successes or failures, lessons learned, and the potential role for reintroductions in preserving species threatened by climate change. Contributors examine current plant reintroduction practices, from selecting appropriate source material and recipient sites to assessing population demography. The findings culminate in a set of Best Reintroduction Practice Guidelines, included in an appendix to the book. These guidelines cover stages from planning and implementation to long-term monitoring, and offer not only recommended actions but also checklists of questions to consider that are applicable to projects around the world. Plant Reintroduction in a Changing Climate is a comprehensive and accessible reference for practitioners to use in planning and executing rare plant reintroductions.
Plant Relationships: Fungal-Plant Interactions (The Mycota #5)
by Barry Scott Carl MesarichThis fully revised 3rd edition provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of fungi associated with plants. Since the publication of the 2nd Edition in 2009, tremendous new knowledge has been gained in the field of fungal-plant interactions, which is reflected in the contributions of this book. World-leading scientists in the field provide authoritative insights into fungal-plant interactions covering the following main topics:Mutualistic and pathogenic fungal-plant interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystemsSensing and signalling in fungus-plant interactionsRegulation of fungal gene expression and developmentFungal genomes and evolutionGlobal pandemics caused by fungal pathogens and their implications for food securityThis volume will be of great interest to both specialists and generalists. It is an indispensable resource for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology, and plant sciences, as well as agriculture and biotechnology.
Plant Resistance to Insects in Major Field Crops
by Michael Furlong Sarwan KumarThis edited book is a comprehensive collection of information on host plant resistance to insects in major field crops. The focus of the book is to make the audience aware of the latest developments in host plant resistance in major field crops and how it can be used for sustainable pest management solutions. It deals with the insect-plant interactions, plant defence responses to herbivore attacks, plant phenotyping, and breeding for insect resistance. Insects are an important group of biotic stresses that limit crop productivity in many regions of the world. At present, they are largely managed by synthetic insecticides which have their own adverse effects including insecticide resistance, pest resurgence, environmental pollution, and pesticide residues, to name a few. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternate pest management strategies that can provide a sustainable solution to pest problems. Host plant resistance is considered an important pest management strategy as it offers an effective, economical, and environmental friendly solution to pest problems. This book is of interest to postgraduate students, crop entomologists, and breeders working on host plant resistance to insect pests. It is also valuable for teachers, researchers, and climate change scientists.The book serves as an additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, ecology, and environmental sciences. Agricultural experts from around the world, as well as policymakers, will also find this book helpful.
Plant Respiration: Metabolic Fluxes and Carbon Balance (Advances In Photosynthesis And Respiration Ser. #43)
by Guillaume Tcherkez Jaleh GhashghaieThere are currently intense efforts devoted to understand plant respiration (from genes toecosystems) and its regulatory mechanisms; this is because respiratory CO2 productionrepresents a substantial carbon loss in crops and in natural ecosystems. Thus, in addition tomanipulating photosynthesis to increase plant biomass production, minimization ofrespiratory loss should be considered in plant science and engineering. However, respiratorymetabolic pathways are at the heart of energy and carbon skeleton production and therefore, itis an essential component of carbon metabolism sustaining key processes such asphotosynthesis. The overall goal of this book is to provide an insight in such interactions aswell as an up-to-date view on respiratory metabolism, taking advantage of recent advancesand concepts, from fluxomics to natural isotopic signal of plant CO2 efflux. It is thus a nonoverlapping,complement to Volume 18 in this series (Plant Respiration From Cell toEcosystem) which mostly deals with mitochondrial electron fluxes and plant-scale respiratorylosses.
Plant Response to Gold Nanoparticles: Plant Growth, Development, Production, and Protection (Smart Nanomaterials Technology)
by Azamal HusenIn this book, overall plant and soil system are examined exclusively in terms of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) exposure. Au-NPs influence plant growth and yield performance. They also affect plant and soil system interactions. Au-NPs responses are primarily depends on the concentration, plant species or cultivars, exposure time, shape and size of NPs. Investigation have shown that the lower concentrations of Au-NPs increase seed germination, beneficial biochemical components, rate of photosynthesis, and overall growth, however, at higher concentrations, all these responses are declined in different plant species. At higher concentration, Au-NPs induce stress in plant, create phytotoxicity and produce reactive oxygen species which leads to the disruption of cellular metabolism. Further, at higher concentration, Au-NPs hampered the physico-chemical process of plant and soil system. Moreover, the molecular and physiological performance showed that the exposure of Au-NPs resulted in oxidative stress and induced antioxidative and defense responses. The energy production related to metabolic pathways were also influenced by Au-NPs exposure. Au-NPs exposure accelerated the number of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and decreased the mitotic index in plant root tip cells. Proteomic study has shown that the exposure Au-NPs resulted in an accumulation of protein precursors, indicative of the dissipation of a proton motive force. Au ions were noticed in roots and shoots, while Au-NPs were absorbed only in the plant root tissues. Au-NPs exposure also influence flowering process and seed germination. Beside the terrestrial plants, these particles have also influenced the growth of some wetland and aquatic plants. It was also noticed that the addition of Au-NPs into the culture medium had also influence the in vitro development and multiplication of plants. Studies have begun to examine how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might affect the uptake of specific nanoparticles include Au and how these particles might influence the plant-mycorrhizal relationships. The impact of Au-NPs on the size and structure of microbial communities in soil; and soil enzymatic activities for β-glucosidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogenase has been examined. In the present book, environmental safety, and ethical issues related to use of Au-NPs in plant and soil system has been also explored. Overall, this book is provide an up to date, most important and selected information associated with the plant response to Au-NPs. This book will be a good resource for upper-level students, faculty, scientists, and researchers working specially on plant biology, plant nanobiotechnology, plant biochemistry, plant microbiology, agricultural and other allied subjects and or science.