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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Environmental Behavior and Toxicity in East Asia
by Kazuichi HayakawaThis book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (Methods in Signal Transduction Series)
by Yong Yu Jinghua HuThis volume focuses on the investigatory methods applied to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common human genetic diseases. ADPKD is caused by mutations in PKD1 and TRPP2, two integral membrane proteins that function as receptor/ion channels in primary cilia of tubular epithelial cells. Thus, ADPKD belongs to ciliopathies, a group of disorders caused by abnormal cilia formation or function. This proposed book will cover the state-of-the-art methods ranging from molecular biology, biochemistry, electrophysiology, to tools in model animal studies. Key Features Explores the role of cilia in polycystic kidney disease Focuses on myriad state-of-the-art methods and techniques Reviews specific mutations integral to this autosomal genetic disease Includes discussions of model systems
Polyelectrolytes
by Visakh P. M. Oguz Bayraktar Guillermo Alfredo PicóThis book offers a valuable reference source to graduate and post graduate students, engineering students, research scholars polymer engineers from industry. The book provides the reader with current developments of theoretical models describing the thermodynamics polyelectrolytes as well as experimental findings. A particular emphasis is put on the rheological description of polyelectrolyte solutions and hydrogels.
Polyembryonic Insects: An Extreme Clonal Reproductive Strategy (Entomology Monographs)
by Kikuo IwabuchiThis book provides an overview of our current understanding of polyembryony in insects. The study of polyembronic insects has advanced considerably over the last several decades.The book shows the exciting potential of polyembryonic insects and their impact on life sciences. It describes the mechanisms of polyembryogenesis; tissue-compatible invasion of the host, which is the first case of compatible cellular interaction between phylogenetically distant organisms without rejection; the sex differences in defense; and the environmental regulation of caste structure. The first book devoted to polyembryony in insects, it draws on the author’s research on polyembryonic wasps from 1990 to the present day, covering various topics such as polyembryogenesis in vitro, host-parasite interaction, sex differences in soldier function/humoral toxic factor, and the transcription analysis of polyembryogenesis.It is intended not only for researchers in the field of entomology, parasitology, ontogeny, reproductive biology, developmental biology, sociobiology, and evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo), but also for postgraduate students in these fields.
Polyester Films: Materials, Processes and Applications
by Jehuda Greener Miko CakmakThis volume presents a comprehensive review of key aspects of polyester film technology, ranging from first principles to practical applications Bringing together world-class experts to review the state-of-the-art of key materials and processing elements of polyester film technology, Polyester Films covers a wide range of topics with direct utility to students, practitioners, business managers and researchers, in academia and industry. Topics covered in this volume include survey of optical and physical properties, microlayer coextrusion, polyester ionomers, polyester blends, biomedical applications and recycling . In particular, the text focuses on novel design and application of polyester films, such as those used in the production of flat panel displays, flexible electronics, and barrier films. The overriding objective of the book is to scope the multitude of options available to material and product designers in manipulating the properties of polyester films to meet specific performance and product criteria. These options include synthetic modifications (copolymerization), physical enhancements (blending), and process upgrades (tenter-frame changes, coextrusion, and coating). Edited by two highly qualified material scientists with extensive experience in academia and industry, Polyester Films covers topics such as: Historical review of polyester film technology Overview of physical performance and applications of key polyester films, especially PET and PEN Synthetic options available for manipulating the structure and properties of polyesters, with special focus on polyester ionomers Main blending options available to enhance the performance of commodity polyesters Rheo-optical properties of polyester films and corresponding testing methodology Micro-layer coextrusion technology as applied to modify the performance of polyester films Bio-medical applications Polyester recycling, with special focus on upcyclingWith an interdisciplinary approach covering the performance of real-life products and components, Polyester Films is an essential resource for researchers and engineers in academia and industry working in physics, material science, chemistry and process engineering. This volume should also be invaluable for graduate students and early-career researchers in similar fields.
Polyether Antibiotics: Naturally Occurring Acid Ionophores--Volume 2: Chemistry
by J. W. WestleyThis collection of essays will stimulate the use of ionophores in different research areas. It includes information on potential breakthroughs in the halogenated derivatives of lasalocid and ethers of antibiotic A204A, polyethers and analytical techniques used to unravel their complex structures.
Polyethylene-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites (Thermoplastic Bionanocomposites Series)
by Sigrid Lüftl Visakh. P. M.Biodegradable polymers have experienced a growing interest in recent years for applications in packaging, agriculture, automotive, medicine, and other areas. One of the drivers for this development is the great quantity of synthetic plastic discarded improperly in the environment. Therefore, R&D in industry and in academic research centers, search for materials that are reprocessable and biodegradable. This unique book comprises 12 chapters written by subject specialists and is a state-of-the-art look at all types of polyethylene-based biocomposites and bionanocomposites. It includes deep discussion on the preparation, characterisation and applications of composites and nanocomposites of polyethylene-based biomaterials such as cellulose, chitin, starch, soy protein, PLA, casein, hemicellulose, PHA and bacterial cellulose.
Polyethylene-Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposities
by Visakh P. M. María José MorlanesThe book focusses on the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of polyethylene-based blends, composites and nanocomposites by looking at the various aspects of processing, morphology, properties and applications. <P><P> In particular, the book details the important developments in areas such as the structure-properties relationship of polyethylene; modification of polyethylene with radiation and ion implantation processes; stabilization of irradiated polyethylene by the introduction of antioxidants; reinforcement of polyethylene through carbon-based materials as additives; characterization of carbon-based polyethylenes composites, polyethylene-based blends with thermoplastic and thermoset; characterization of polyethylene-based thermoplastic and thermoset blends; polyethylene-based blends with natural rubber and synthetic rubber; characterization of polyethylene-based natural rubber and synthetic rubber blends; characterization of polyethylene-based composites.
Polyextremophiles: Life Under Multiple Forms of Stress
by Joseph Seckbach Aharon Oren Helga Stan-LotterMany Microorganisms and some macro-organisms can live under extreme conditions. For example, high and low temperature, acidic and alkaline conditions, high salt areas, high pressure, toxic compounds, high level of ionizing radiation, anoxia and absence of light, etc. Many organisms inhabit environments characterized by more than one form of stress (Polyextremophiles). Among them are those who live in hypersaline and alkaline, hot and acidic, cold/hot and high hydrostatic pressure, etc. Polyextremophiles found in desert regions have to copy with intense UV irradiation and desiccation, high as well as low temperatures, and low availability of water and nutrients. This book provides novel results of application to polyextremophiles research ranging from nanotechnology to synthetic biology to the origin of life and beyond.
Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products
by Thomas P. Knepper Frank T. LangeDue to their unparalleled effectiveness and efficiency, polyfluorinated chemicals (PFC) have become essential in numerous technical applications. However, many PFCs brought to market show limited biodegradability, and their environmental persistence combined with toxic and bioaccumulative potential have become a matter of concern in some instances. This volume highlights the synthesis of PFCs, focusing on substances with improved application and environmental properties, which are a challenge for synthetic chemists. Further, modern mass spectrometric techniques for the detection and identification of biotransformation products of PFCs are described. The sorption and leaching behavior of PFC in soil is also addressed in order to predict their fate in the environment. Several contributions discuss the monitoring of PFCs in European surface, ground and drinking waters, treatment options for PFC removal from drinking water, occurrence in food, and the human biomonitoring of PFCs.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates Biopolymers: Production Strategies (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Geeta GahlawatThis book focuses on both production and extraction aspects of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) for their commercialization purpose. PHAs have broad range of applications in packaging, food, agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. Until now literature reports have discussed either production strategies or extraction protocols. But for commercialization purpose both issues need to be addressed. This book highlights other copolymers of PHAs which have much better physico-mechanical properties such as elasticity and strength than polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Finally efficient product recovery protocols and process optimization strategies including renewable substrates, high cell density cultivations, genetic engineering and mathematical modeling are discussed in detail in order to outline the progress made so far in the area of economic biopolymer production. The primary audience will be scholars, researchers and professors working in colleges, universities, research institutes and government organizations.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics
by Kumar SudeshThe environmental problems caused by petroleum-based plastic and plastic waste have led to an increasing demand for biobased and biodegradable plastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). These polyesters are synthesized from carbon sources, e.g. sugar and plant oils, by various bacteria. This book highlights the potential of plant oils, especially palm oil, as a feedstock for PHA production. In addition, new PHA applications are discussed and the sustainability of PHA production from plant oils is critically examined.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Agriculture, Industry, and Environment
by Vipin Chandra KaliaThis book overviews the sustainable production and diverse applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), with a special focus on agriculture, industry, and the environment. It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest strategies to overcome production challenges and enhance commercial feasibility. By exploring the potential of cost-effective raw materials and genetically engineered microbes, this volume highlights innovative approaches to ferment biowastes efficiently. The book also examines how blending different PHAs and modifying their chemical structures can expand their applications, making it a must-read for those interested in biotechnological advancements. Key concepts covered include the development of biosensors, bio-indicators, and biofuels, as well as the role of biopolymers in environmental bioremediation. The chapters are organized to provide insights into technological bioprocesses that can be translated into globally competitive business proposals. Readers will discover contributions from renowned scholars who probe critical questions about sustainable PHA production and its applications in various industries. This book is essential for researchers, scholars, and practitioners in biotechnology, environmental science, and agricultural engineering. It offers valuable information for those looking to develop eco-friendly solutions and sustainable business models. Whether you are an academic or a professional in the field, this volume provides the latest research and practical insights to help you stay ahead in the rapidly evolving landscape of biopolymers.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biomedical Sector
by Vipin Chandra KaliaThis book provides an in-depth analysis of recent developments in microbial diversity, molecular biology, and biotechnology related to PHA production. PHAs are highlighted as unique biopolymers that are biocompatible, bioresorbable, biodegradable, versatile, and sustainable—qualities that make them strong contenders for various biomedical applications. The chapters cover essential topics such as microbial production of PHAs from biowastes, co-digestion processes to enhance their physio-chemical properties, and challenges related to regulatory approvals and commercialization. Readers will learn about the diverse range of medical applications for PHAs including tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, implants, anti-osteoporosis treatments, and memory enhancers. The book also addresses how these biopolymers can be fine-tuned for specific medical uses through advanced bioengineering techniques. Particular attention is given to the potential translation of these technologies into globally competitive business ventures. The volume provides expert analyses on how governmental funding agencies can identify prospective scientific R&D areas. For society at large, this book offers novel concepts about the eco-friendly and economic benefits of PHAs. Researchers in biotechnology, molecular biology, biomedical engineering, and related fields will find this book indispensable. This volume is part of a series dedicated to exploring the vast potential of bioplastics across various sectors. It serves as an essential guide for researchers aiming to achieve sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoate production while addressing critical questions about their practical applications in medicine.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Microbial Biodiversity, Biowastes, and Bioprocesses
by Vipin Chandra KaliaThis book highlights microbial biodiversity, biowastes, and innovative bioprocesses that contribute to creating these environmentally friendly biopolymers. The chapters discuss key concepts such as the occurrence and biosynthesis of natural and synthetic biopolymer composites, recent advances in using engineered E. coli and Pseudomonas as microbial factories revolutionizing biopolymer production, and the challenges and opportunities presented by cyanobacterial PHA research. Additionally, it investigates green synthesis methods that convert lignocellulosic biomass into PHAs and examines various feedstocks like sugar- and starch-rich waste for fermentation substrates. Researchers in biotechnology, environmental science, materials engineering, and related fields will find this book indispensable. It offers a comprehensive overview of current R&D activities to achieve sustainable PHA production. The book provides both theoretical perspectives and practical case studies, offers a wealth of knowledge to guide readers’ exploration of biopolymer production, making it a must-read for anyone dedicated to advancing eco-friendly materials science.
Polyimide Membranes: Applications, Fabrications and Properties
by H. Ohya V.V. Kudryavsev S.I. SemenovaThis is a first attempt to provide a general analysis of developments in polyimide membrane synthesis and applications. It will serve as a valuable reference for those with an interest in synthesis of polyimides, the chemistry and physical chemistry of polyimide compounds, the separation properties of membranes and in their preparation and application. It is intended as a summary of the current status of polyimide membrane research for the specialist as well as a teaching aid for graduate studies in polymer chemistry. The authors collaboration demonstrates the high level of scientific research in Russia and the active development of applied research in Japan.
Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, Volume 5
by Kash L. MittalThis volume documents the proceedings of the "Second International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, held in Newark, New Jersey, December 3-6, 2001. Polyimides possess many desirable attributes, so this class of materials has found applications in many technologies ranging fro
Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, volume 2
by K. L. MittalThis volume documents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, held in Newark, New Jersey, December 3-6, 2001. Polyimides possess many desirable attributes, so this class of materials has found applications in many technologies ranging from
Polylactic Acid-Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites
by Jyotishkumar ParameswaranpillaiPolylactic Acid-Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites offers a comprehensive account of the methods for the synthesis, characterization, processing, and applications of these advanced materials. This book fills a gap in the literature as the only currently available book on this topic. This book: Describes the procedures for the extraction of cellulose materials from different sources and characterization methods adopted for analyzing their properties Covers properties, processing, and applications of PLA biocomposites made using the extracted cellulose Discusses the effect of reinforcement of cellulose on the biopolymer matrix and the enhancement of biopolymer properties Examines current status, challenges, and future outlook in biocomposite research and applications The book serves as a reference for researchers, scientists, and advanced students in polymer science and engineering and materials science who are interested in cellulose polymer composites and their applications.
Polymer Adhesion, Friction, and Lubrication
by Hongbo ZengSpecifically dedicated to polymer and biopolymer systems, Polymer Adhesion, Friction, and Lubrication guides readers to the scratch, wear, and lubrication properties of polymers and the engineering applications, from biomedical research to automotive engineering. Author Hongbo Zeng details different experimental and theoretical methods used to probe static and dynamic properties of polymer materials and biomacromolecular systems. Topics include the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to analyze nanotribology, polymer thin films and brushes, nanoparticles, rubber and tire technology, synovial joint lubrication, adhesion in paper products, bioMEMS, and electrorheological fluids.
Polymer Blends Handbook
by L. A. UtrackiThis unique handbook is a fundamental reference on polymer blends, covering all aspects: science, engineering, technology, and application. The editor has put together an international group of highly respected contributors to create an exceptional source of information invaluable for anyone blending polymers.
Polymer Blends and Alloys (Plastics Engineering Ser. #52)
by Gabriel O. Shonaike George P. SimonDistinguishing among blends, alloys and other types of combinations, clarifying terminology and presenting data on new processes and materials, this work present up-to-date and effective compounding techniques for polymers. It offers extensive analyses on the challenging questions that surround miscibility, compatibility, dynamic processing, interaction/phase behaviour, and computer simulations for predicting behaviours of polymer mixture and interaction.
Polymer Blends and Composites: Chemistry and Technology
by Muralisrinivasan Natamai SubramanianBecause it is critically important to manufacture quality products, a reasonable balance must be drawn between control requirements and parameters for improved processing method with respect to plastics additives. An important contribution to the commercial polymer industry, Polymer Blends and Composites is one of the first books to combine plastics additives, testing, and quality control. The book is a comprehensive treatise on properties that provides detailed guidelines for selecting and using blends and composites for applications. A valuable resource for operators, processors, engineers, chemists, the book serves to stimulate those already active in natural polymer composites.
Polymer Characterization
by Jean-François Joanny Karel Dusˇek-Shear-Induced Transitions and Instabilities in Surfactant Wormlike Micelles By S. Lerouge, J.-F. Berret -Laser-Interferometric Creep Rate Spectroscopy of Polymers By V. A. Bershtein, P. N. Yakushev -Polymer Nanocomposites for Electro-Optics: Perspectives on Processing Technologies, Material Characterization, and Future Application K. Matras-Postolek, D. Bogdal
Polymer Characterization: Physical Techniques, 2nd Edition
by Dan Campbell Richard A. Pethrick Jim R. WhiteDiscerning the properties of polymers and polymer-based materials requires a good understanding of characterization. This revised and updated text provides a comprehensive survey of characterization methods within its simple, concise chapters. Polymer Characterization: Physical Techniques, provides an overview of a wide variety of characterization methods, which makes it an excellent textbook and reference. It starts with a description of basic polymer science, providing a solid foundation from which to understand the key physical characterization techniques. The authors explain physical principles without heavy theory and give special emphasis to the application of the techniques to polymers, with plenty of illustrations. Topics covered include molecular weight determination, molecular and structural characterization by spectroscopic techniques, morphology and structural characterization by microscopy and diffraction, and thermal analysis. This edition contains a new chapter on surface analysis as well as some revised problems and solutions. The concise treatment of each topic offers even those with little prior knowledge of the subject an accessible source to relevant, simple descriptions in a well-organized format.