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Plants that Fight Cancer, Second Edition
by Spyridon E. Kintzios Maria G. Barberaki Evangelia A. FlampouriAn increasing amount of cancer research is being directed towards the investigation of plant-derived anticancer compounds, many of which have been used in traditional herbal treatments for centuries. Plants that Fight Cancer is an up-to-date, extensive review of plant genera and species with documented anti-tumor and anti-leukaemic properties. Following an overview of the disease and the diverse methods of therapy and clinical testing, the book provides a detailed examination of the plants whose compounds are currently used in conventional cancer treatment, the species which show the greatest potential as future candidates, and other species with established anticancer properties. The third section explores each of more than 150 terrestrial plant genera and species, with a review of their traditional uses, mythology, botany, active ingredients, and product applications, along with photographs and illustrations and an analysis of expected results and risks. The text closes with a discussion of algal extracts and isolated metabolites with anticancer activity, a summary of published research for each species, and chemical structures of the most important compounds.
Plants, Biotechnology and Agriculture
by Denis MurphyAt a time when the world's food supplies are increasingly unable to meet the needs of a burgeoning population, the subject matter of this book has never been more relevant. At the same time, there is significant diversity of opinion concerning the benefits and perceived dangers of the applications of biotechnology in food production. To help inform this debate, the aim of Plants, Biotechnology & Agriculture is to provide the reader with a comprehensive yet concise overview of plants as both biological organisms and useful resources for people to exploit. The first half of the book gives a basic overview of plant biology including how plants develop and respond to their environment, acting as a primer for those without a biology background and a refresher for students of plant biology and agriculture. These chapters set the scene for an outline of human exploitation of plants, from domestication to scientific manipulation. The complex technologies now being applied to improving crops are then described, guiding the reader through the extensive terminologies and jargon, using focus boxes to illustrate key processes and issues. The final two chapters address society's response to biotechnology, how these technologies are being modified in response to public concerns, and new technologies being developed to meet the challenges of rapid population growth, depletion of non-renewable resources and climate change.
Plants, People, and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany
by Paul Alan Cox Michael J BalickIs it possible that plants have shaped the very trajectory of human cultures? Using riveting stories of fieldwork in remote villages, two of the world’s leading ethnobotanists argue that our past and our future are deeply intertwined with plants. Creating massive sea craft from plants, indigenous shipwrights spurred the navigation of the world’s oceans. Today, indigenous agricultural innovations continue to feed, clothe, and heal the world’s population. One out of four prescription drugs, for example, were discovered from plants used by traditional healers. Objects as common as baskets for winnowing or wooden boxes to store feathers were ornamented with traditional designs demonstrating the human ability to understand our environment and to perceive the cosmos. Throughout the world, the human body has been used as the ultimate canvas for plant-based adornment as well as indelible design using tattoo inks. Plants also garnered religious significance, both as offerings to the gods and as a doorway into the other world. Indigenous claims that plants themselves are sacred is leading to a startling reformulation of conservation. The authors argue that conservation goals can best be achieved by learning from, rather than opposing, indigenous peoples and their beliefs. KEY FEATURES • An engrossing narrative that invites the reader to personally engage with the relationship between plants, people, and culture • Full-color illustrations throughout—including many original photographs captured by the authors during fieldwork • New to this edition—"Plants That Harm," a chapter that examines the dangers of poisonous plants and the promise that their study holds for novel treatments for some of our most serious diseases, including Alzheimer’s and substance addiction • Additional readings at the end of each chapter to encourage further exploration • Boxed features on selected topics that offer further insight • Provocative questions to facilitate group discussion Designed for the college classroom as well as for lay readers, this update of Plants, People, and Culture entices the reader with firsthand stories of fieldwork, spectacular illustrations, and a deep respect for both indigenous peoples and the earth’s natural heritage.
Plants, Pollutants and Remediation
by Khalid Rehman Hakeem Münir Öztürk Muhammad Ashraf Ahmet Aksoy M. S. A. AhmadIn the era of current industrial and civil development, everyone is expressing a deep concern about the problem of environmental pollution. The majority of the global community has a vested interest in supporting and sustaining any move for the protection of environment. In the greater part of the last century it was the fast pace of industrialization, galloping demand for energy and reckless exploitation of natural resources that were mainly responsible for creating the problem of environmental pollution. In the current scenario, high illiteracy rates of the developing nations leads to increasing environmental pollution. When it comes to the hazards of environmental pollution, there is only a very thin dividing line between different countries. One pollutes and the other suffers-there are no eventual winners without significant changes globally. Pollution is posing serious threats to all kinds of diversities on earth in particular plants. The plant world is of vital importance for our planet. It is a worldwide priority aimed at better meeting the needs for food, livelihoods and nature. To meet the food demand of fast-growing population, global food production will have to be doubled. The sustainability of food production depends on the sustainability of plant resources and using tolerant varieties to augment food production. This volume therefore covers discussions on the recent developments in this connection and the emerging role of plants as indicators, remediation, and such related issues as biodiversity conservation and the effects of on edible plants. It reviews issues concerning the future of plant life. Taking cognizance of this, several experts from different parts of the globe have contributed from their experience and knowledge to the critical issues of "Environmental Pollution," and the "Role of Plants in this connection".
Plantwide Control
by Gade Pandu Rangaiah Vinay KariwalaThe use of control systems is necessary for safe and optimal operation of industrial processes in the presence of inevitable disturbances and uncertainties. Plant-wide control (PWC) involves the systems and strategies required to control an entire chemical plant consisting of many interacting unit operations. Over the past 30 years, many tools and methodologies have been developed to accommodate increasingly larger and more complex plants.This book provides a state-of-the-art of techniques for the design and evaluation of PWC systems. Various applications taken from chemical, petrochemical, biofuels and mineral processing industries are used to illustrate the use of these approaches. This book contains 20 chapters organized in the following sections:Overview and Industrial Perspective Tools and Heuristics Methodologies Applications Emerging Topics With contributions from the leading researchers and industrial practitioners on PWC design, this book is key reading for researchers, postgraduate students, and process control engineers interested in PWC.
Planung eines Wärmeübertragers: Ganzheitliche Aufgabenlösung bis zur Instandsetzung eines Rohrbündel-Wärmeübertragers
by Eberhard WegenerDieses praxisorientierte Lehrbuch für Ingenieurstudenten der höheren Semester gibt einen Überblick über die ganzheitliche und vertiefte Betrachtungsweise des Apparate Entwurfes. Wärmeübertragung/Wärmeübertrager sind elementare Bestandteile in den Studienrichtungen Verfahrenstechnik und Maschinenbau, aber auch angrenzenden Studienrichtungen. Für diese Studienfächer steht eine ausreichende Anzahl guter Fachliteratur zur Verfügung, die die Lehre bei der wärmetechnischen Auslegung, der Druckverlustberechnung und dem konstruktiven Entwurf unterstützt. Für darüber hinausgehende Themen steht wenig Zeit zur Verfügung oder sie sind nicht Inhalt des Lehrstoffes. Diese Begrenzung der Stoffvermittlung soll mit vorliegendem Fachbuch etwas gelockert werden und im Sinne einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung den Studierenden einen kleinen Einblick in Themenkreise gewähren, die den Lebenslauf eines Wärmeübertragers charakterisieren. Anhand eines praktischen Beispiels werden nach der üblichen Auslegung des Apparates Grundlagen für den konstruktiven Entwurf diskutiert, die festigkeitsmäßige Bemessung der Bauteile behandelt und die Konstruktion vorgestellt. Anschließend erfolgt ein Überblick über die Fertigung und Montage des Wärmeübertragers und endet mit der Instandhaltung/Instandsetzung und ihren Problemen und Anforderungen. Neben der Anwendung von Wissen aus den Grundlagenfächern soll aber vor allem die Themenhandlung den Studierenden als Ergänzung zum Vorlesungsstoff dienen und ihren Gesichtskreis erweitern. Dadurch wird dieses Buch ein unverzichtbares Lehrbuch für alle Dozenten und Studenten höheren Semesters der Verfahrenstechnik, Maschinenbau, sowie für Ingenieure der Chemie, Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik.
Planung und Gestaltung einer Positivfabrik als Beitrag für eine absolute Nachhaltigkeit (AutoUni – Schriftenreihe #162)
by Malte GeblerDas Konzept einer „Positivfabrik“ beschreibt die Vision, dass Fabriken und ihre Wertschöpfungsprozesse eine nachhaltige Entwicklung in der Biosphäre und in menschlichen Gesellschaften fördern. Positive Fabriken agieren daher als Impulsgeber für nachhaltige Lebensräume, indem sie Ökosysteme schützen, soziale Angebote bereitstellen und eine gemeinwohlorientierte wirtschaftliche Entwicklung unterstützen. Die Planung und Gestaltung einer Positivfabrik erfordert eine methodische und prozessuale Systematik, die der Autor strukturiert herleitet. Die inhaltliche Beschreibung des Prototyps einer Positivfabrik und die Konzeptanwendung verdeutlichen, wie eine Positivfabrik in der Praxis realisiert werden kann.
Plasma Assisted Combustion and Chemical Processing
by Yiguang Ju Andrey StarikovskiyPlasma Assisted Combustion and Chemical Processing provides an introduction to the opportunities of plasma-assisted combustion and chemical processing for green energy conversion using renewable electricity.Covering the fundamentals of combustion and plasma physics and chemistry, it details the mechanisms and technologies of plasma-enhanced combustion, chemical process, materials manufacturing and recycling, and pollutant control. Addressing future challenges and opportunities of plasma-assisted combustion and electrified green manufacturing, this book covers the state-of-art methods of modeling and diagnostic tools to optimize the process design.This book offers graduate students and researchers a comprehensive review of the fundamentals and research frontier in this emergent field.
Plasma Astrophysics
by Toshi TajimaThe twentieth century has witnessed the transformation of astronomy from celestial mechanics to astrophysics. While optical telescopes may have presented a peek into the structure of the constituents of the universe, such as stars and galaxies, new windows of observation have revealed far more amorphous objects, from nebulae and sheets to filaments and voids, whose "violent" processes include flares, shocks, accretion disks and jets. In these processes, plasma is often the constituent matter-- as well as the medium through which the astrophysical setting becomes so violent. In this graduate level text, Tajima and Shibata offer a new synthesis starting where classic works on plasma physics left off. Beginning with a view of plasma astrophysics through fundamental processes of quasi-magnetostatic equilibria, quasi-hydrostatic equilibria, and non-equilibria, the authors go on to develop unique approaches to violent astrophysical plasmas-- as opposed to the more quiescent laboratory variety-- and their processes. The text continues with an exploration of the fundamental processes in hydrostatic, magnetostatic, and gravitational objects. The final chapter is devoted to a discussion of the applications of plasma astrophysics to cosmology, anticipating future developments in this exciting field.This text will be of enormous use to graduate-- and some advanced undergraduate-- students, as well as to physicists entering the field of plasma physics.
Plasma Astrophysics, Part I: Fundamentals and Practice
by Boris V. SomovThis two-part book is devoted to classic fundamentals and current practices and perspectives of modern plasma astrophysics. This first part uniquely covers all the basic principles and practical tools required for understanding and work in plasma astrophysics. More than 25% of the text is updated from the first edition, including new figures, equations and entire sections on topics such as magnetic reconnection and the Grad-Shafranov equation. <P><P> The book is aimed at professional researchers in astrophysics, but it will also be useful to graduate students in space sciences, geophysics, applied physics and mathematics, especially those seeking a unified view of plasma physics and fluid mechanics.
Plasma Astrophysics, Part II: Reconnection and Flares
by Boris V. SomovThis two-part book is devoted to classic fundamentals and current practices and perspectives of modern plasma astrophysics. This second part discusses the physics of magnetic reconnection and flares of electromagnetic origin in space plasmas in the solar system, single and double stars, relativistic objects, accretion disks and their coronae. More than 25% of the text is updated from the first edition, included the additions of new figures, equations and entire sections on topics such as topological triggers for solar flares and the magnetospheric physics problem. This book is aimed at professional researchers in astrophysics, but it will also be useful to graduate students in space sciences, geophysics, applied physics and mathematics, especially those seeking a unified view of plasma physics and fluid mechanics.
Plasma Atomic Physics (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #104)
by Frank B. Rosmej Valery A. Astapenko Valery S. LisitsaPlasma Atomic Physics provides an overview of the elementary processes within atoms and ions in plasmas, and introduces readers to the language of atomic spectra and light emission, allowing them to explore the various and fascinating radiative properties of matter. The book familiarizes readers with the complex quantum-mechanical descriptions of electromagnetic and collisional processes, while also developing a number of effective qualitative models that will allow them to obtain adequately comprehensive descriptions of collisional-radiative processes in dense plasmas, dielectronic satellite emissions and autoionizing states, hollow ion X-ray emissions, polarized atoms and ions, hot electrons, charge exchange, atomic population kinetics, and radiation transport. Numerous applications to plasma spectroscopy and experimental data are presented, which concern magnetic confinement fusion, inertial fusion, laser-produced plasmas, and X-ray free-electron lasers’ interaction with matter. Particular highlights include the development of quantum kinetics to a level surpassing the almost exclusively used quasi-classical approach in atomic population kinetics, the introduction of the recently developed Quantum-F-Matrix-Theory (QFMT) to study the impact of plasma microfields on atomic populations, and the Enrico Fermi equivalent photon method to develop the “Plasma Atom”, where the response properties and oscillator strength distribution are represented with the help of a local plasma frequency of the atomic electron density.Based on courses held by the authors, this material will assist students and scientists studying the complex processes within atoms and ions in different kinds of plasmas by developing relatively simple but highly effective models. Considerable attention is paid to a number of qualitative models that deliver physical transparency, while extensive tables and formulas promote the practical and useful application of complex theories and provide effective tools for non-specialist readers.
Plasma Biosciences and Medicine (Topics in Applied Physics #148)
by Eun Ha ChoiThis book describes the updates that have been made in the field of Plasma Biosciences and Medicine over the past few years. This book provides detailed introduction and includes recent research information on plasma sources and their biological and medical applications. The opening chapters discuss plasmas physics and chemistry and plasma-activated liquids. The later part of the book discusses emerging application in medicine and biology. This book also provides valuable clinical insights into the treatment of ulcerations, wounds, cancer, dentistry, or the use of cold plasma in health and hygiene. Main target audience of this book are researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, government agencies, academicians’, engineers, biologists, medical doctor, biochemists, and industries.
Plasma Cancer Therapy (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #115)
by Michael KeidarThis book, written by key researchers in the field, provides a comprehensive analysis and overview of the state of the art of plasma-based cancer therapy. Recent progress in atmospheric plasmas has led to non-thermal or cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) devices with ion temperatures close to room temperature. In contrast to many existing anti-cancer approaches, CAP is a selective anti-cancer modality which has demonstrated significant potential in cancer therapy.Written by a global, cross-disciplinary group of leading researchers, this book covers basic theory, generation, diagnostics, and simulation of cold atmospheric plasma, as well as their clinical application in cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and future outlook, giving a complete picture of the field.It is meant for a broad audience, from students to engineers and scientists, who are interested in the emerging world of plasma medical applications. It presents recent advances, primary challenges, and future directions of this exciting, cutting-edge field.
Plasma Catalysis: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #106)
by Xin Tu J. Christopher Whitehead Tomohiro NozakiThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of plasma catalysis, regarded as a promising alternative to thermal processes for energy and environmental applications. It bridges the gap between the plasma and catalysis research communities, covering both the fundamentals of plasma catalysis and its application in environmental and energy research. The first section of the book offers a broad introduction to plasma catalysis, covering plasma-catalyst systems, interactions, and modeling. The core of the book then focuses on different applications, describing a wide range of plasma-catalytic processes in catalyst synthesis, environmental clean-up, greenhouse gas conversion and synthesis of materials for energy applications. Chapters cover topics ranging from removal of NOx and VOCs to conversion of methane, carbon dioxide and the reforming of ethanol and methanol.Written by a group of world-leading researchers active in the field, the book forms a valuable resource for scientists, engineers and students with different research backgrounds including plasma physics, plasma chemistry, catalysis, energy, environmental engineering, electrical engineering and material engineering.
Plasma Cell Neoplasms
by Robert B. Lorsbach Marwan YaredThis book provides an overview of our current understanding of the pathogenesis of the plasma cell neoplasms and comprehensively updates the reader on the laboratory techniques used in the diagnosis and prognostication of these malignancies as well as for monitoring response to therapy. Plasma Cell Neoplasms: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Laboratory Evaluation will be of great value to those medical professionals directly involved in the evaluation and diagnosis of clinical materials from patients with plasma cell neoplasms, including surgical pathologists, hematopathologists, and clinical pathologists.
Plasma Cell Neoplasms
by Michael A. Linden Robert W. MckennaThis textbook will provide a comprehensive, state-of-the art review the field of diagnostic hematopathology as it's applied to patients with plasma cell neoplasms. Particular emphasis will be placed on immunophenotypic data - immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry - as well as cytogenetics. We will also discuss how these ancillary data can predict prognosis and chemotherapeutic response. Plasma Cell Neoplasms will serve as a very useful resource for physicians and researchers interested in the plasma cell myeloma diagnosis, therapy, and research. It will provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts. All chapters will be written by experts in their fields and will include the most up to date scientific and clinical information.
Plasma Chemistry
by Alexander FridmanProviding a fundamental introduction to all aspects of modern plasma chemistry, this book describes mechanisms and kinetics of chemical processes in plasma, plasma statistics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and electrodynamics, as well as all major electric discharges applied in plasma chemistry. Fridman considers most of the major applications of plasma chemistry, from electronics to thermal coatings, from treatment of polymers to fuel conversion and hydrogen production and from plasma metallurgy to plasma medicine. It is helpful to engineers, scientists and students interested in plasma physics, plasma chemistry, plasma engineering and combustion, as well as chemical physics, lasers, energy systems and environmental control. The book contains an extensive database on plasma kinetics and thermodynamics and numerical formulas for practical calculations related to specific plasma-chemical processes and applications. Problems and concept questions are provided, helpful in courses related to plasma, lasers, combustion, chemical kinetics, statistics and thermodynamics, and high-temperature and high-energy fluid mechanics.
Plasma Confinement
by J. D. Meiss R. D. HazeltineDetailed and authoritative, this volume examines the essential physics underlying international research in magnetic confinement fusion. It offers readable, thorough accounts of the fundamental concepts behind methods of confining plasma at or near thermonuclear conditions. Designed for a one- or two-semester graduate-level course in plasma physics, it also represents a valuable reference for professional physicists in controlled fusion and related disciplines.
Plasma Discharge in Liquid: Water Treatment and Applications
by Alexander Fridman Yong Yang Young I. ChoPlasma methods that effectively combine ultraviolet radiation, active chemicals, and high electric fields offer an alternative to conventional water treatment methods. However, knowledge of the electric breakdown of liquids has not kept pace with this increasing interest, mostly due to the complexity of phenomena related to the plasma breakdown process. Plasma Discharge in Liquid: Water Treatment and Applications provides engineers and scientists with a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena associated with plasma discharges in liquids, particularly in water. It also examines state-of-the-art plasma-assisted water treatment technologies. The Physics & Applications of Underwater Plasma Discharges The first part of the book describes the physical mechanism of pulsed electric breakdown in water and other liquids. It looks at how plasma is generated in liquids and discusses the electronic and bubble mechanism theories for how the electric discharge in liquid is initiated. The second part of the book focuses on various water treatment applications, including: Decontamination of volatile organic compounds and remediation of contaminated water Microorganism sterilization and other biological applications Cooling water treatment Drawing extensively on recent research, this one-stop reference combines the physics and applications of electric breakdown in liquids in a single volume. It offers a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and students interested in the topic of plasmas in liquids.
Plasma Electronics: Applications in Microelectronic Device Fabrication
by Toshiaki Makabe Zoran Lj. PetrovicBeyond enabling new capabilities, plasma-based techniques, characterized by quantum radicals of feed gases, hold the potential to enhance and improve many processes and applications. Following in the tradition of its popular predecessor, Plasma Electronics, Second Edition: Applications in Microelectronic Device Fabrication explains the fundamental
Plasma Fibronectin: Structure and Functions
by Jan McdonaghThis volume deals with a multifunctional plasma and tissue protein, fibronectin, which participates in many significant biological and pathophysiological actions, presenting the information concerning structure and describing the interactions of fibronectin with fibrinogen and fibrin.
Plasma Fluidized Bed (Advanced Topics In Science And Technology In China Ser.)
by Changming Du Rongliang Qiu Jujun RuanThis book provides a detailed overview of the plasma fluidized bed. It is an innovative tool and generally combines plasma process with another efficient reactor, fluidized bed, providing an excellent method for particulate processes over conventional technology. The development and designs of typical types of plasma fluidized beds, mainly thermal plasma fluidized beds and non-thermal plasma fluidized beds are discussed. The influencing factors on the performance of plasma fluidized beds are analyzed in detail. The mechanism, i.e. the discharge characteristics, hydrodynamics, heat transfer and mass transfer are analyzed to offer a further insight of plasma fluidized beds. Applications of plasma fluidized beds for different areas, including metallurgy extraction, green energy process, environmental protection and advanced materials are presented. The book is a valuable reference for scientists, engineers and graduate students in chemical engineering and relative fields.
Plasma Formulary for Physics, Astronomy, and Technology
by Declan DiverThis collection of fundamental formulae, up-to-date references and definitions in plasma physics is vital to anyone with an interest in plasmas or ionized gases, whether in physics, astronomy or engineering. <P><P>Both theorists and experimentalists will find this book useful, as it incorporates the latest results and findings, with extended coverage of fusion plasma, plasma in stellar winds, reaction rates, engineering plasma and many other topics. The text is also unique in treating astrophysical plasmas, fusion plasmas, industrial plasmas and low temperature plasmas as aspects of the same discipline.
Plasma Gasification and Pyrolysis
by Milan Hrabovsky Michal Jeremias Guido van OostCurrently, the most widely used treatment of waste is thermal processing, such as incineration. However, thermal plasma technologies offer alternative, cutting-edge, and environmentally friendly processes, which are also considered more energy-efficient and safe. This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible introduction to the process of thermal plasma gasification and pyrolysis.It is an ideal guide for graduate students pursuing further studies in plasma technologies and engineering, in addition to early-career researchers and scientists from related areas looking for material contextual to their own subject matter.Features: Presents an interdisciplinary approach, applicable to a wide range of researchers in waste treatment companies, authorities, and energy and environmental policymakers Authored by authorities in the field Up to date with the latest developments and technologies