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Spin Physics in Semiconductors
by Mikhail I. DyakonovThe purpose of this collective book is to present a non-exhaustive survey of sp- related phenomena in semiconductors with a focus on recent research. In some sense it may be regarded as an updated version of theOpticalOrientation book, which was entirely devoted to spin physics in bulk semiconductors. During the 24 years that have elapsed, we have witnessed, on the one hand, an extraordinary development in the wonderful semiconductor physics in two dim- sions with the accompanying revolutionary applications. On the other hand, during the last maybe 15 years there was a strong revival in the interest in spin phen- ena, in particular in low-dimensional semiconductor structures. While in the 1970s and 1980s the entire world population of researchers in the ?eld never exceeded 20 persons, now it can be counted by the hundreds and the number of publications by the thousands. This explosive growth is stimulated, to a large extent, by the hopes that the electron and/or nuclear spins in a semiconductor will help to accomplish the dream of factorizing large numbers by quantum computing and eventually to develop a new spin-based electronics, or "spintronics". Whether any of this will happen or not, still remains to be seen. Anyway, these ideas have resulted in a large body of interesting and exciting research, which is a good thing by itself. The ?eld of spin physics in semiconductors is extremely rich and interesting with many spectacular effects in optics and transport.
Spin Spirals and Charge Textures in Transition-Metal-Oxide Heterostructures
by Alex FranoThis thesis presents the results of resonant and non-resonant x-ray scattering experiments demonstrating the control of collective ordering phenomena in epitaxial nickel-oxide and copper-oxide based superlattices. Three outstanding results are reported: (1) LaNiO3-LaAlO3 superlattices with fewer than three consecutive NiO2 layers exhibit a novel spiral spin density wave, whereas superlattices with thicker nickel-oxide layer stacks remain paramagnetic. The magnetic transition is thus determined by the dimensionality of the electron system. The polarization plane of the spin density wave can be tuned by epitaxial strain and spatial confinement of the conduction electrons. (2) Further experiments on the same system revealed an unusual structural phase transition controlled by the overall thickness of the superlattices. The transition between uniform and twin-domain states is confined to the nickelate layers and leaves the aluminate layers unaffected. (3) Superlattices based on the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 exhibit an incommensurate charge density wave order that is stabilized by heterointerfaces. These results suggest that interfaces can serve as a powerful tool to manipulate the interplay between spin order, charge order, and superconductivity in cuprates and other transition metal oxides.
Spin Squeezing and Non-linear Atom Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates
by Christian GroßInterferometry, the most precise measurement technique known today, exploits the wave-like nature of the atoms or photons in the interferometer. As expected from the laws of quantum mechanics, the granular, particle-like features of the individually independent atoms or photons are responsible for the precision limit, the shot noise limit. However this "classical" bound is not fundamental and it is the aim of quantum metrology to overcome it by employing entanglement among the particles. This work reports on the realization of spin-squeezed states suitable for atom interferometry. Spin squeezing was generated on the basis of motional and spin degrees of freedom, whereby the latter allowed the implementation of a full interferometer with quantum-enhanced precision.
Spin States in Biochemistry and Inorganic Chemistry
by Marcel Swart Miquel CostasIt has long been recognized that metal spin states play a central role in the reactivity of important biomolecules, in industrial catalysis and in spin crossover compounds. As the fields of inorganic chemistry and catalysis move towards the use of cheap, non-toxic first row transition metals, it is essential to understand the important role of spin states in influencing molecular structure, bonding and reactivity. Spin States in Biochemistry and Inorganic Chemistry provides a complete picture on the importance of spin states for reactivity in biochemistry and inorganic chemistry, presenting both theoretical and experimental perspectives. The successes and pitfalls of theoretical methods such as DFT, ligand-field theory and coupled cluster theory are discussed, and these methods are applied in studies throughout the book. Important spectroscopic techniques to determine spin states in transition metal complexes and proteins are explained, and the use of NMR for the analysis of spin densities is described. Topics covered include:* DFT and ab initio wavefunction approaches to spin states * Experimental techniques for determining spin states* Molecular discovery in spin crossover * Multiple spin state scenarios in organometallic reactivity and gas phase reactions* Transition-metal complexes involving redox non-innocent ligands* Polynuclear iron sulfur clusters* Molecular magnetism* NMR analysis of spin densities This book is a valuable reference for researchers working in bioinorganic and inorganic chemistry, computational chemistry, organometallic chemistry, catalysis, spin-crossover materials, materials science, biophysics and pharmaceutical chemistry.
Spin and Charge Ordering in the Quantum Hall Regime
by Benedikt FrießThe book presents a comprehensive yet concise introduction to the physics of two-dimensional electron systems in the quantum Hall regime, as well as an up-to-date overview of the current fields of research concerning the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect. The physics of two-dimensional electron systems at low temperatures and high magnetic fields are governed by the formation of discrete energy levels referred to as Landau levels. These narrow energy bands not only form the basis of the well-known quantum Hall effect but also promote strong interactions between the electrons, giving rise to some of the finest manifestations of many-body physics in solid state science. Examples include skyrmionic spin textures, ferromagnetic spin transitions, stripe and bubble phases, as well as fractional quantum Hall states with potential non-abelian exchange statistics. The thesis succeeds in profoundly deepening our understanding of these exotic states of matter, with a main focus on the density-modulated phases in the quantum Hall regime. These phases arise from the interplay of competing interactions and are characterized by a self-organized ordering of electrons in spatial patterns. Similar phases of matter are currently being studied in other material systems as well, most notably in high-temperature superconductors. The thesis stands out not only in terms of its contribution to improving readers' grasp of physics, but also in the diversity and novelty of the measurement techniques employed, which take advantage of the interaction between the electrons and the surrounding crystal lattice.
Spin the Golden Light Bulb (The Crimson Five #1)
by Jackie YeagerIt’s the year 2071 and eleven year-old Kia Krumpet is determined to build her 67 inventions, but she won't have the opportunity to unless she earns a spot at PIPS, the Piedmont Inventor’s Prep School. Kia, who has trouble making friends at school, has dreamed of winning the Piedmont Challenge and attending PIPS ever since she learned that her Grandma Kitty won the very first Piedmont Challenge. After she and four of her classmates are selected to compete for a spot at PIPS, they travel by aero-bus to Camp Piedmont to solve a task against forty-nine other state teams to earn their place at the best inventor's school in the country.
Spin – Was ist das eigentlich?: Ein abstrakter quantenmechanischer Begriff, experimentelle Nachweise und Anwendungen (essentials)
by Hans Paetz gen. SchieckIn diesem Essential wird gezeigt, dass der Spin einer der fundamentalen Begriffe der Physik ist. Zugleich stellt er eine fundamentale Mess- und Beobachtungsgröẞe dar. Er wurde erst gegen Widerstände akzeptiert, da er nur nicht-klassisch, d.h. auch nur nicht-anschaulich zu verstehen ist. Das hinderte nicht daran, mit dem geeigneten, v.a. von Heisenberg, Schrödinger und Dirac entwickelten Formalismus der Quantentheorie die zunächst unerklärten Beobachtungen richtig zu beschreiben. Ein Beispiel ist das Periodensystem der Elemente, das nur durch den Spin und das Ausschließungsprinzip von Pauli erklärbar ist. Das hat auch eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen bis in die Medizin und Festkörperphysik ermöglicht.
Spin-Crossover Cobaltite: Review and Outlook (Springer Series in Materials Science #305)
by Sumio Ishihara Yoichi Okimoto Tomohiko Saitoh Yoshihiko KobayashiThis book describes the history of and recent developments in cobaltite and the spin-crossover (SC) phenomena. It offers readers an overview of essential research conducted on cobaltite and introduces them to the fundamentals of condensed matter physics research.The book consists of two parts. The first part reviews SC phenomena, covering the fundamental physics of SC phenomena and basic material properties of cobaltite. The second part focuses on recent topics in SC cobaltite, including the optical and dynamical features of cobaltite, thin material fabrication, and thermoelectric properties. The comprehensive coverage and clearly structured topics will especially appeal to newcomers to the field of state-of-the-art research on cobaltite and SC physics.
Spin-Crossover Materials
by Malcolm A. HalcrowThe phenomenon of spin-crossover has a large impact on the physical properties of a solid material, including its colour, magnetic moment, and electrical resistance. Some materials also show a structural phase change during the transition. Several practical applications of spin-crossover materials have been demonstrated including display and memory devices, electrical and electroluminescent devices, and MRI contrast agents. Switchable liquid crystals, nanoparticles, and thin films of spin-crossover materials have also been achieved.Spin-Crossover Materials: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensivesurvey of recent developments in spin-crossover research, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of this rapidly expanding field. Following an introductory chapter which describes the spin-crossover phenomenon and historical development of the field, the book goes on to cover a wide range of topics includingSpin-crossover in mononuclear, polynuclear and polymeric complexesStructure: function relationships in molecular spin-crossover materialsCharge-transfer-induced spin-transitionsReversible spin-pairing in crystalline organic radicalsSpin-state switching in solutionSpin-crossover compounds in multifunctional switchable materials and nanotechnologyPhysical and theoretical methods for studying spin-crossover materialsSpin-Crossover Materials: Properties and Applications is a valuable resource for academic researchers working in the field of spin-crossover materials and topics related to crystal engineering, solid state chemistry and physics, and molecular materials. Postgraduate students will also find this book useful as a comprehensive introduction to the field.
Spin-Label Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
by Derek MarshSpin-label electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a versatile molecular probe method that finds wide application in molecular biophysics and structural biology. This book provides the first comprehensive summary of basic principles, spectroscopic properties, and use for studying biological membranes, protein folding, supramolecular structure, lipid-protein interactions, and dynamics. The contents begin with discussion of fundamental theory and practice, including static spectral parameters and conventional continuous-wave (CW) spectroscopy. The development then progresses, via nonlinear CW-EPR for slower motions, to the more demanding time-resolved pulse EPR, and includes an in-depth treatment of spin relaxation and spectral line shapes. Once the spectroscopic fundamentals are established, the final chapters acquire a more applied character. Extensive appendices at the end of the book provide detailed summaries of key concepts in magnetic resonance and chemical physics for the student reader and experienced practitioner alike. Key Features: Indispensable reference source for the understanding and interpretation of spin-label spectroscopic data in its different aspects. Tables of fundamental spectral parameters are included throughout. Forms the basis for an EPR graduate course, extending up to a thorough coverage of advanced topics in Specialist Appendices. Includes all necessary theoretical background. The primary audience is research workers in the fields of molecular biophysics, structural biology, biophysical chemistry, physical biochemistry and molecular biomedicine. Also, physical chemists, polymer physicists, and liquid-crystal researchers will benefit from this book, although illustrative examples used are often taken from the biomolecular field. Readers will be postgraduate researchers and above, but include those from other disciplines who seek to understand the primary spin-label EPR literature.
Spin-Orbit-Induced Spin Textures of Unoccupied Surface States on Tl/Si(111)
by Sebastian David StolwijkThis thesis describes the construction of a rotatable spin-polarized electron source and its use in spin- and angle-resolved inverse photoemission to investigate the unoccupied electron states of Tl/Si(111)-(1x1) with special emphasis on their spin texture. Towards more efficient electronics - with the electron spin as information carrier: This motto is the motivation for numerous studies in solid state physics that deal with electron states whose spin degeneracy is lifted by spin-orbit interaction. This thesis addresses the spin-orbit-induced spin textures in momentum space in the surface electronic structure of a prototypical Rashba-type hybrid system: heavy metal thallium on semiconducting silicon. For Tl/Si(111)-(1x1), the thallium adlayer provides surface states with strong spin-orbit interaction and peculiar spin-orbit-induced spin textures: spin rotations and spin chirality in momentum space for unoccupied surface states with giant spin splittings. Almost completely out-of-plane spin-polarized valleys in the vicinity of the Fermi level are identified. As the valley polarization is oppositely oriented at specific points in momentum space, backscattering should be strongly suppressed in this system.
Spin-Polarized Two-Electron Spectroscopy of Surfaces (Springer Series in Surface Sciences #67)
by Sergey Samarin Oleg Artamonov Jim WilliamsThis book presents developments of techniques for detection and analysis of two electrons resulting from the interaction of a single incident electron with a solid surface. Spin dependence in scattering of spin-polarized electrons from magnetic and non-magnetic surfaces is governed by exchange and spin-orbit effects. The effects of spin and angular electron momentum are shown through symmetry of experimental geometries: (i) normal and off normal electron incidence on a crystal surface, (ii) spin polarization directions within mirror planes of the surface, and (iii) rotation and interchange of detectors with respect to the surface normal. Symmetry considerations establish relationships between the spin asymmetry of two-electron distributions and the spin asymmetry of Spectral Density Function of the sample, hence providing information on the spin-dependent sample electronic structure. Detailed energy and angular distributions of electron pairs carry information on the electron-electron interaction and electron correlation inside the solid. The “exchange – correlation hole” associated with Coulomb and exchange electron correlation in solids can be visualized using spin-polarized two-electron spectroscopy. Also spin entanglement of electron pairs can be probed. A description of correlated electron pairs generation from surfaces using other types of incident particles, such as photons, ions, positrons is also presented.
Spin-While-Burn: The New Approach for Tiny Medical Device Fabrication (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Saiful Bahri Mohamed Mohd Shahir Kasim Muhammad Akmal ZakariaThis book explains the challenges and advancements in cutting precise cylindrical shapes on difficult materials through spark erosion. Titled "Spin while Burn," it addresses the drawbacks associated with this process, including unsatisfactory surface finish and limited productivity. Despite utilizing advanced computing and statistical optimization methods, achieving the ideal balance between material removal rate (MRR) and surface quality remains elusive. In response, the book introduces a hybrid ultrasonic-assisted approach in the wire electrical discharge turning (WEDT) process. By integrating a rotating workpiece with ultrasonic vibration, the authors evaluate its impact on MRR and surface finish. Through meticulous design experiments and statistical analysis, they explore various cutting parameters and machining paths. The book highlights the characterization of machined surfaces through elemental analysis and surface morphology evaluations. The results demonstrate the positiveeffects of integrating ultrasonic vibration into WEDT, even without optimized ultrasonic parameters. By reducing electrode wire debris and employing multi-objective parameter optimization using the genetic algorithm, significant improvements are achieved in MRR and surface roughness compared to conventional WEDT. "Spin while Burn" consists of five chapters, delving into the challenges, history, principles, performance, and future perspectives of the Spin-while-Burn process in manufacturing. This comprehensive book offers valuable insights into enhancing surface quality and productivity in the cutting of precise cylindrical shapes on challenging materials through spark erosion.
Spin: From Basic Symmetries to Quantum Optimal Control
by ILYA KUPROVThis monograph is a fundamental reference for scientists and engineers who encounter spin processes in their work. The author, Ilya Kuprov, derives the concept of spin from basic symmetries and gives an overview of theoretical and computational aspects of spin dynamics: from Dirac equation and spin Hamiltonian, through coherent evolution and relaxation theories, to quantum optimal control, and all the way to practical implementation advice for parallel computers.
Spinal Evolution: Morphology, Function, and Pathology of the Spine in Hominoid Evolution
by Ella Been Asier Gómez-Olivencia Patricia Ann KramerThe vertebral spine is a key element of the human anatomy. Its main role is to protect the spinal cord and the main blood vessels. The axial skeleton, with its muscles and joints, provides stability for the attachment of the head, tail and limbs and, at the same time, enables the mobility required for breathing and for locomotion. Despite its great importance, the vertebral spine is often over looked by researchers because: a) vertebrae are fragile in nature, which makes their fossilization a rare event; b) they are metameric (seriated and repeated elements) that make their anatomical determination and, thus, their subsequent study difficult; and c) the plethora of bones and joints involved in every movement or function of the axial skeleton makes the reconstruction of posture, breathing mechanics and locomotion extremely difficult. It is well established that the spine has changed dramatically during human evolution. Spinal curvatures, spinal load transmission, and thoracic shape of bipedal humans are derived among hominoids. Yet, there are many debates as to how and when these changes occurred and to their phylogenetic, functional, and pathological implications. In recent years, renewed interest arose in the axial skeleton. New and exciting finds, mostly from Europe and Africa, as well as new methods for reconstructing the spine, have been introduced to the research community. New methodologies such as Finite Element Analysis, trabecular bone analysis, Geometric Morphometric analysis, and gait analysis have been applied to the spines of primates and humans. These provide a new and refreshing look into the evolution of the spine. Advanced biomechanical research regarding posture, range of motion, stability, and attenuation of the human spine has interesting evolutionary implications. Until now, no book that summarizes the updated research and knowledge regarding spinal evolution in hominoids has been available. The present book explores both these new methodologies and new data, including recent fossil, morphological, biomechanical, and theoretical advances regarding vertebral column evolution. In order to cover all of that data, we divide the book into four parts: 1) the spine of hominoids; 2) the vertebral spine of extinct hominins; 3) ontogeny, biomechanics and pathology of the human spine; and 4) new methodologies of spinal research. These parts complement each other and provide a wide and comprehensive examination of spinal evolution.
Spinal Reconstruction: Clinical Examples of Applied Basic Science, Biomechanics and Engineering
by Paul Park Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski Robert F. McLain Debra J. Trantolo Michael J. Yaszemski Iain H. KalfasWith an ever-expanding array of biomaterials and implant devices appearing in the field, Spinal Reconstruction: Clinical Examples of Applied Basic Science, Biomechanics and Engineering helps surgeons assess and utilize the latest technologies to improve the reconstruction of the spine and enhance the reconstitution of diseased spinal segments. With
Spinel Nanoferrites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering)
by Surender K. SharmaThis book highlights the complexity of spinel nanoferrites, their synthesis, physio-chemical properties and prospective applications in the area of advanced electronics, microwave devices, biotechnology as well as biomedical sciences. It presents an overview of spinel nanoferrites: synthesis, properties and applications for a wide audience: from beginners and graduate-level students up to advanced specialists in both academic and industrial sectors. There are 15 chapters organized into four main sections. The first section of the book introduces the readers to spinel ferrites and their applications in advanced electronics industry including microwave devices, whereas the second section mainly focus on the synthesis strategy and their physio-chemical properties. The last sections of the book highlight the importance of this class of nanomaterials in the field of biotechnology and biomedical sector with a special chapter on water purification.
Spinel and Inverse Spinel Ferrites: Theoretical and Technological Advances
by Naveen Kumar, Nupur Aggarwal, and Anjana SharmaThis comprehensive book explores spinel and inverse spinel ferrites, focusing on their synthesis methods, structural characteristics, magnetic properties, and diverse applications. It offers a valuable resource for understanding how these materials are transforming fields such as electronics, energy conversion, sensing, biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental management. The book provides practical insights into synthesis methods, fabrication techniques, and the scale-up processes required to move these materials toward commercial applications. With a focus on recent advancements such as nanoscale engineering and surface modifications, the book offers readers insights into the commercial and practical potential of these materials across various industries. Delivers practical guidance on the synthesis, fabrication, and scale-up of these materials, addressing their commercialization prospects. Examines the role of spinel and inverse spinel ferrites in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), exploring their applications in medical diagnostics and treatment. Discusses their effectiveness in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, emphasizing the importance of ferrites in electronic and telecommunication devices. Provides insights into the application of ferrites as sensors, with a focus on their use in gas sensing, biosensing, and other diagnostic tools. Highlights photocatalytic activity and environmental remediation, showcasing how these materials help in pollution control, water purification, and sustainable energy solutions. This reference book is for students, researchers, and professionals in physics, materials science, and engineering who wish to deepen their understanding of spinel and inverse spinel ferrites and their interdisciplinary applications.
Spineless: The Science of Jellyfish and the Art of Growing a Backbone
by Juli BerwaldA former ocean scientist goes in pursuit of the slippery story of jellyfish, rediscovering her passion for marine science and the sea's imperiled ecosystems.Jellyfish are an enigma. They have no centralized brain, but they see and feel and react to their environment in complex ways. They look simple, yet their propulsion systems are so advanced engineers are just learning how to mimic them. They produce some of the deadliest toxins on the planet and yet are undeniably alluring. Long ignored by science, they may be a key to ecosystem stability.Juli Berwald's journey into the world of jellyfish is a personal one. Over a decade ago she left the sea and her scientific career behind to raise a family in landlocked Austin, Texas. Increasingly dire headlines drew her back to jellies, as unprecedented jellyfish blooms toppled ecosystems and collapsed the world's most productive fisheries. What was unclear was whether these incidents were symptoms of a changing planet or part of a natural cycle.Berwald's desire to understand jellyfish takes her on a scientific odyssey. She travels the globe to meet the scientists who devote their careers to jellies, hitches rides on Japanese fishing boats to see giant jellyfish in the wild, raises jellyfish in her dining room, and throughout it all marvels at the complexity of these alluring and ominous biological wonders. Gracefully blending personal memoir with crystal-clear distillations of science, Spineless reveals that jellyfish are a bellwether for the damage we're inflicting on the climate and the oceans and a call to realize our collective responsibility for the planet we share.
Spinnen - Alles, was man wissen muss
by Wolfgang Nentwig Jutta Ansorg Angelo Bolzern Holger Frick Anne-Sarah Ganske Ambros Hänggi Christian Kropf Anna StäubliSpinnen sind Super-Raubtiere und vertilgen alles, was sie überwältigen können. Dafür haben sie unglaublich gute Fangtechniken und mit der Spinnenseide ein Werkzeug entwickelt, das die Materialtechnik vor Neid erblassen lässt. Die Männchen sind meist kleiner als die Weibchen und müssen sich, um nicht als leichte Beute missverstanden zu werden, beim Sex einiges einfallen lassen: Tanzen, Trommeln und Geschenke helfen fast immer. Spinnen benutzen ihr Gift sehr genau dosiert, und da der Mensch nicht auf ihrem Speisezettel steht, sind sie für uns harmlos. Die (unnötige) Angst vieler Menschen vor Spinnen findet kulturelle Wurzeln bereits im Mittelalter. Trotzdem ist Spinnenangst leicht therapierbar. Es gibt weder einen Lebensraum noch ein Gebäude ohne Spinnen. Und das ist gut so, denn sie verfügen über faszinierende Eigenschaften und ihre Welt ist voller Überraschungen. Alles, was man hierzu wissen muss, wird in diesem Buch in verständlicher Sprache von Fachleuten für Laien erklärt. Zudem werden einige der häufigsten Spinnenarten in Haus und Garten mit Tipps zur Beobachtung kurz vorgestellt.
Spinning Strings and Correlation Functions in the AdS/CFT Correspondence (Springer Theses)
by Juan Miguel NietoThis book addresses several aspects of the integrable structure of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In particular it presents computations made on both sides of the AdS/CFT correspondence, at weak and at strong coupling. On the string theory side of the correspondence, the book focuses on the evaluation of the energy spectrum of closed string solutions moving in some deformed backgrounds that preserve integrability. On the gauge theory side, it explores various formal problems arising in the computation of two and three-point functions by means of the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz and the Quantum Inverse Scattering method. The book features numerous results on integrability in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Self-contained and pedagogical, it includes general discussions and detailed presentations on the use of integrable systems techniques and their applications.
Spinors in Four-Dimensional Spaces
by Gerardo F. Torres del CastilloWithout using the customary Clifford algebras frequently studied in connection with the representations of orthogonal groups, this book gives an elementary introduction to the two-component spinor formalism for four-dimensional spaces with any signature. Some of the useful applications of four-dimensional spinors, such as Yang-Mills theory, are derived in detail using illustrative examples. Spinors in Four-Dimensional Spaces is aimed at graduate students and researchers in mathematical and theoretical physics interested in the applications of the two-component spinor formalism in any four-dimensional vector space or Riemannian manifold with a definite or indefinite metric tensor. This systematic and self-contained book is suitable as a seminar text, a reference book, and a self-study guide.
Spins in Chemistry
by Roy McweenyOriginally delivered as a series of lectures, this volume systematically traces the evolution of the "spin" concept from its role in quantum mechanics to its assimilation into the field of chemistry. Author Roy McWeeny presents an in-depth illustration of the deductive methods of quantum theory and their application to spins in chemistry, following the path from the earliest concepts to the sophisticated physical methods employed in the investigation of molecular structure and properties. Starting with the origin and development of the spin concept, the text advances to an examination of spin and valence; reviews a simple example of the origin of spin Hamiltonians; and explores spin density, spin populations, and spin correlation. Additional topics include nuclear hyperfine effects and electron spin-spin coupling, the g tensor, and chemical shifts and nuclear spin-spin coupling.
Spintronic Materials and Technology
by Y B Xu S M ThompsonFew books exist that cover the hot field of second-generation spintronic devices, despite their potential to revolutionize the IT industry.Compiling the obstacles and progress of spin-controlled devices into one source, Spintronic Materials and Technology presents an in-depth examination of the most recent technological spintronic developmen