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Structural and Stress Analysis: Theories, Tutorials and Examples, Second Edition
by Jianqiao YeNew Edition Now Covers Thin Plates, Plastic Deformation, Dynamics and VibrationStructural and stress analysis is a core topic in a range of engineering disciplines - from structural engineering through to mechanical and aeronautical engineering and materials science.Structural and Stress Analysis: Theories, Tutorials and Examples, Second Edition&nb
Structural and Thermal Analyses of Deepwater Pipes
by Chen An Menglan Duan Segen F. Estefen Jian SuThis book focuses on advanced methods for the structural and thermal analysis of deepwater pipelines and risers. It discusses the limit strength of sandwich pipes, including finite-element analysis using Python scripts, collapse of sandwich pipes with cementitious/polymer composites, buckle propagation of sandwich pipes, dynamic behavior of subsea pipes, flow-induced vibration of functionally graded pipes, two-phase flow-induced vibration of pipelines, vortex-induced vibration of free-spanning pipelines, and the thermal analysis of composites pipes with passive insulation, active heating, and phase change material layers. It also explores structural analysis using finite element analysis and the integral transform technique for fluid-structure interaction. Lastly, the use of lumped parameter formulations combined with finite differences for the thermal analysis of pipelines is examined.
Structuralism and Form in Literature and Biology: Critiquing Genetic Manipulation
by Peter McMahonThe book considers biology in parallel with philosophical structuralism in order to argue that notions of form in the organism are analogous to similar ideas in structuralist philosophy and literary theory. This analogy is then used to shed light on debates among biological scientists from the turn of the 19th century to the present day, including Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Dawkins, Crick, Goodwin, Rosen and West-Eberhard. The book critiques the endorsement of genetic manipulation and bioengineering as keys to solving agricultural and environmental problems, suggesting that alternative models have been marginalized in the promotion of this discourse. Drawing from the work of philosophers including Cassirer, Saussure, Jakobson and Foucault the book ultimately argues that methods based on agroecology, supported by molecular applications (such as marker-assisted selection, MAS), can both advance agricultural development and remain focused on the whole organism.
Structure & Function of the Body
by Gary A. Thibodeau Kevin T. PattonGet a solid understanding of the human body! Using simple, conversational language and vivid animations and illustrations, Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition introduces the normal structure and function of the human body and what the body does to maintain homeostasis. To help make difficult A&P concepts easy to understand, this new edition features thoroughly revised content and review questions which reflect the most current information available and a unique 22-page, semi-transparent insert of the human body. Plus, Connect It! boxes throughout directly correlate to online content giving you additional clinical and scientific insights essential to patient care!
Structure & Function of the Body 13th Edition
by Gary A. Thibodeau Kevin T. PattonThis textbook concentrates on the normal structures and function of the human body and on what the body does to maintain homeostasis. Chapters discuss topics like biochemistry, cells and tissue, the various organ systems, the senses, blood, immunity, nutrition and metabolism, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and growth and development. Approximately 330 color illustrations and cadaver photographs visually represent the anatomy under discussion. Thibodeau taught biology at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. Patton teaches life sciences at Saint Charles Community College. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Structure Determination By Spectroscopic Methods: A Practical Approach
by Raul SanMartin Maria Teresa HerreroThe authors travel with the reader through the challenging maze of structure determination, showing how to distinguish between valuable and deceiving data from IR, NMR and MS spectra, extracting structural conclusions and putting all the pieces together to solve the structure elucidation puzzle. Indeed, human reasoning is key to combining the information contained in those bands, signals and peaks by a rationale that enables the makeup of a chemical structure. A number of increasingly more complex problems will act as trip segments and, in addition to the spectra themselves, each chapter is supplemented with figures and tables that decipher the above data and serve as maps for the journey.
Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography
by Mark Ladd Rex PalmerThe advances in and applications of x-ray and neutron crystallography form the essence of this new edition of this classic textbook, while maintaining the overall plan of the book that has been well received in the academic community since the first edition in 1977. X-ray crystallography is a universal tool for studying molecular structure, and the complementary nature of neutron diffraction crystallography permits the location of atomic species in crystals which are not easily revealed by X-ray techniques alone, such as hydrogen atoms or other light atoms in the presence of heavier atoms. Thus, a chapter discussing the practice of neutron diffraction techniques, with examples, broadens the scope of the text in a highly desirable way. As with previous editions, the book contains problems to illustrate the work of each chapter, and detailed solutions are provided. Mathematical procedures related to the material of the main body of the book are not discussed in detail, but are quoted where needed with references to standard mathematical texts. To address the computational aspect of crystallography, the suite of computer programs from the fourth edition has been revised and expanded. The programs enable the reader to participate fully in many of the aspects of x-ray crystallography discussed in the book. In particular, the program system XRAY* is interactive, and enables the reader to follow through, at the monitor screen, the computational techniques involved in single-crystal structure determination, albeit in two dimensions, with the data sets provided. Exercises for students can be found int the book, and solutions are available to instructors.
Structure Determination of HIV-1 Tat/Fluid Phase Membranes and DMPC Ripple Phase Using X-Ray Scattering
by Kiyotaka AkaboriThis Thesis in biological physics has two components, describing the use of X-ray scattering techniques to study the structure of two different stacked lipid membrane systems. The first part focuses on the interaction between a short 11-mer peptide, Tat, which is part of the Tat protein in the HIV-1 virus. Although highly positively charged, the Tat protein has been shown to translocate through hydrocarbon lipid bilayers easily, without requiring the cell's energy, which is counter to its Born self-energy. In this work Tat's location in the headgroup region was demonstrated using a combined X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics approach. Bilayer thinning was observed as well as softening of different membrane mimics due to Tat. It was concluded that Tat's headgroup location, which increases the area/lipid, and its bilayer softening likely reduce the energy barrier for passive translocation. The second part is a rigorous investigation of an enigmatic phase in the phase diagram of the lipid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). The ripple phase has fascinated many researchers in condensed matter physics and physical chemistry as an example of periodically modulated phases, with many theoretical and simulation papers published. Despite systematic studies over the past three decades, molecular details of the structure were still lacking. By obtaining the highest resolution X-ray data so far, this work revealed the complex nature of the chain packing, as well as confirming that the major side is thicker than the minor side of the saw-tooth ripple structure. The new model shows that the chains in the major arm are tilted with respect to the bilayer normal and that the chains in the minor arm are slightly more disordered than all-trans gel-phase chains, i. e. , the chains in the minor arm are more fluid-like. This work provides the highest resolution X-ray structure of the ripple phase to-date.
Structure Elucidation in Organic Chemistry
by Maria-Magdalena Cid Jorge BravoIntended for advanced readers, this is a review of all relevant techniques for structure analysis in one handy volume. As such, it provides the latest knowledge on spectroscopic and related techniques for chemical structure analysis, such as NMR, optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography, including the scope and limitation of each method. As a result, readers not only become acquainted with the techniques, but also the advantages of the synergy between them. This enables them to choose the correct analytical method for each problem, saving both time and resources. Special emphasis is placed on NMR and its application to absolute configuration determination and the analysis of molecular interactions. Adopting a practical point of view, the author team from academia and industry guarantees both solid methodology and applications essential for structure determination, equipping experts as well as newcomers with the tools to solve any structural problem.
Structure Formation in Modified Gravity Cosmologies
by Alexandre BarreiraThis unique thesis covers all aspects oftheories of gravity beyond Einstein's General Relativity, from setting up theequations that describe the evolution of perturbations, to determining thebest-fitting parameters using constraints like the microwave backgroundradiation, and ultimately to the later stages of structure formation usingstate-of-the-art N-body simulations and comparing them to observations ofgalaxies, clusters and other large-scale structures. This truly ground-breakingwork puts the study of modified gravity models on the same footing as thestandard model of cosmology. Since the discovery of the accelerating expansionof the Universe, marked by the awarding of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics,there has been a growing interest in understanding what drives thatacceleration. One possible explanation lies in theories of gravity beyondEinstein's General Relativity. This thesis addresses all aspects of the problem,an approach that is crucial to avoiding potentially catastrophic biases in theinterpretation of upcoming observational missions.
Structure Of The Nucleus
by M. A. PrestonA graduate-level one-volume textbook and reference work on the structure and physics of atomic nuclei. Throughout this book the underlying emphasis is on how a nucleus is constituted through the interaction between the nucleons. The book is structured into three parts: the first part contains a detailed treatment of the two-nucleon force and of basic model-independent nuclear properties the second part discusses the experimental results of nuclear models and their bases in fundamental theory the third part deals in some detail with alpha-decay and fission.
Structure Property Correlations for Nanoporous Materials
by Abhijit ChatterjeeNanoporous materials are critical to various fields of research, including ion exchange, separation, catalysis, sensor applications, biological molecular isolation, and purification. In addition, they offer new opportunities in such areas as inclusion chemistry, guest-host synthesis, and molecular manipulations and reactions at the nanoscale. In St
Structure and Biological Functions of Histones
by L.S. HnilicaThis book endeavours to present an analysis of the current knowledge of the structure properties and possible functions of histones. The broad scope of this topic prevents the discussion of certain individual aspects in any detail. For this purpose, some of the more specialised review articles should be consulted. However, the present volume will contribute to a more general understanding of histone biochemistry and will provide stimulation, as well as source references, to the student of the cell nucleus and its functions.
Structure and Bonding in Crystalline Materials
by Gregory S. RohrerHow can elements be combined to produce a solid with specified properties? This book acquaints readers with the established principles of crystallography and cohesive forces needed to address the fundamental relationship among composition, structure and bonding. Starting with an introduction to periodic trends, the book discusses crystal structures and the various primary and secondary bonding types, and finishes by describing a number of models for predicting phase stability and structure. Its large number of worked examples, exercises, and detailed descriptions of numerous crystal structures make this an outstanding advanced undergraduate or graduate-level textbook for students of materials science.
Structure and Concentration of Point Defects in Selected Spinels and Simple Oxides
by Andrzej Stokłosa Stefan S. KurekStructure and Concentration of Point Defects in Selected Spinels and Simple Oxides presents diagrams and numerical data of important properties of spinels and oxides based on experimental results published in the literature. The values of many parameters presented can be used for optimization of preparation of new systems, to predict the practical properties of these systems. Applications include electronic devices, new metallic alloys with improved corrosion resistance, new ceramic materials, and novel catalysts, particularly for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. Organized into four comprehensive parts, the authors present the problem of the structure and concentration of ionic and electronic defects in magnetite and hausmannite, pure and doped with M3+ cations, and in spinels exhibiting magnetic properties and high electric conductance. Additional Features include: Includes 236 figures presenting equilibrium diagrams of point defects and other useful details related to stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric spinels and oxides. Details novel methods of calculation of equilibria involving point defects. Collects scattered data published in nearly 500 original articles since the 1950s on spinels and oxides in one useful volume. Building upon the data presented, this book is an indispensable reference for material scientists and engineers developing new metal or oxide-based systems can easily calculate other useful parameters and compare the properties of different materials to select the best candidates for an intended use.
Structure and Dynamics of Asymmetric Interactions
by Naohito ChinoThis book integrates the fundamentals of asymmetric multidimensional scaling, spectral graph theory, graph embedding theory, and various dynamical systems theories, that deal with the static and dynamic aspects of asymmetric phenomena. In this way, it provides a comprehensive introduction to theories and methods for analyzing phenomena observed universally in social, behavioral, economical, geographical, biological, neural, chemical reaction and other networks. The topics addressed in here include the notions of asymmetric similarity matrices, graph spectra, dimension reduction, and difference and differential equations to describe the dynamics of networks, bifurcation of vector fields, Mandelbrot sets, fractals and chaos, and Hilbert spaces. Illustrated by carefully chosen examples and supported by extensive simulation studies, the book is highly recommended to readers who seek to discover static asymmetric structures among members or nodes. It also appeals to those who want to understand the kinds of dynamics that are theoretically possible in their research domains.
Structure and Dynamics of Compact Stars (Lecture Notes in Physics #1019)
by Omar BenharThis book aims at providing an accessible, and yet comprehensive and self-contained discussion of compact stars. After a pedagogical introduction to the physics of white dwarfs, the bulk of the book is devoted to the analysis of the structure and dynamics of neutron stars. A great deal of emphasis is placed on the dynamical models underlying the description of neutron star matter at microscopic level. The analysis of these models is inherently cross-disciplinary - from nuclear and particle physics to astrophysics and condensed matter physics – and the relevant concepts are introduced following a didactic approach, drawing largely on the historical development of the field. The impact of the latest experimental data, such as gravitational waves emissions, and the potential of future observational developments in the new era of multimessenger astronomy are extensively discussed. This volume is intended to provide PhD students in physics and astrophysics with solid foundations for their future research career. It is also a useful tool for the broader audience of more advanced readers, working in the fields of nuclear and particle physics as well as gravitational physics.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Ultrathin In Films on Si (Springer Theses)
by Shigemi TerakawaThis book reports the establishment of a single-atomic layer metal of In and a novel (In, Mg) ultrathin film on Si(111) surfaces. A double-layer phase of In called “rect” has been extensively investigated as a two-dimensional metal. Another crystalline phase called “hex” was also suggested, but it had not been established due to difficulty in preparing the sample. The author succeeded in growing the large and high-quality sample of the hex phase and revealed that it is a single-layer metal. The author also established a new triple-atomic layer (In, Mg) film with a nearly freestanding character by Mg deposition onto the In double layer. This work proposes a novel method to decouple ultrathin metal films from Si dangling bonds.The present study demonstrates interesting properties of indium itself, which is a p-block metal both with metallicity and covalency. In this book, readers also see principles of various surface analysis techniques and learn how to use them and analyze the results in the real systems. This book is useful to researchers and students interested in surface science, particularly ultrathin metal films on semiconductor surfaces.
Structure and Function
by Peter CombaThe thermodynamic properties, reactivities and electronic properties of molecular compounds and materials depend on structure. Therefore, an important basis for progress is to fully appreciate and fundamentally understand the intimate relation between structure and function. Structure and Function describes various fundamental aspects of structures, dynamics and physics of molecules and materials. The approaches, data and models discussed include new theoretical developments, computational studies and experimental work from molecular chemistry to biology and materials science.
Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management (Advances in Agroecology)
by Masae Shiyomi Hiroshi KoizumiStructure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management presents an advanced discussion of the need to design agricultural systems that 1) increase reliance on biological interactions in agroecosystems as a means of decreasing dependence on the use of large quantities of agrochemicals and the consumption of fossil fuel energy and 2) continue
Structure and Function of GPCRs (Topics in Medicinal Chemistry #30)
by Guillaume LebonThis book introduces readers to the latest advances in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biology. It reviews our current understanding of the structural basis of ligand binding and allosteric mechanisms, following a decade of technological breakthroughs. Several examples of structure-based drug discovery are presented, together with the future challenges involved in designing better drugs that target GPCRs. In turn, the book illustrates the important concept of GPCR biased signaling in physiological contexts, and presents fluorescent- and light-based methodologies frequently used to measure GPCR signaling or to trace their dynamics in cells upon ligand activation. Taken together, the chapters provide an essential overview and toolkit for new scientific investigators who plan to develop GPCR projects. All chapters were written by experts in their respective fields, and share valuable insights and powerful methodologies for the GPCR field.
Structure and Function of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
by Peter Tompa Alan FershtThe existence and functioning of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) challenge the classical structure-function paradigm that equates function with a well-defined 3D structure. Uncovering the disordered complement of proteomes and understanding their functioning can extend the structure-function paradigm to herald new breakthroughs in drug dev
Structure and Function of Membrane Proteins (Methods in Molecular Biology #2302)
by Ingeborg Schmidt-Krey James C. GumbartThis book examines detailed experimental and computational approaches for the analysis of many aspects vital to the understanding of membrane protein structure and function. Readers will receive guidance on the selection and use of methods for over-expression and purification, tools to characterize membrane proteins within different phospholipid bilayers, direction on functional studies, and approaches to determine the structures of membrane proteins. Detailed experimental steps for specific membrane proteins with critical notes allow the protocols to be modified to different systems. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of practical information and implementation advice that leads to excellent, reproducible results. Authoritative and up-to-date, Structure and Function Studies of Membrane Proteins serves as an ideal guide for biologists, biochemists, and biophysicists striving to further understand these essential proteins and their many biological roles.
Structure and Function of Mountain Ecosystems in Japan
by Gaku KudoThe purpose of this book is to summarize new insights on the structure and function of mountain ecosystems and to present evidence and perspectives on the impact of climate change on biodiversity. This volume describes overall features of high-mountain ecosystems in Japan, which are characterized by clear seasonality and snow-thawing dynamics. Individual chapters cover a variety of unique topics, namely, vegetation dynamics along elevations, the physiological function of alpine plants, the structure of flowering phenology, plant-pollinator interactions, the geographical pattern of coniferous forests, terrestrial-aquatic linkage in carbon dynamics, and the community structure of bacteria in mountain lake systems. High-mountain ecosystems are characterized by unique flora and fauna, including many endemic and rare species. On the other hand, the systems are extremely vulnerable to environmental change. The biodiversity is maintained by the existence of spatiotemporally heterogeneous habitats along environmental gradients, such as elevation and snowmelt time. Understanding the structure and function of mountain ecosystems is crucial for the conservation of mountain biodiversity and the prediction of the climate change impacts. The diverse studies and integrated synthesis presented in this book provide readers with a holistic view of mountain ecosystems. It is a recommended read for anyone interested in mountain ecosystems and alpine plants, including undergraduate and graduate students studying ecology, field workers involved in conservational activity in mountains, policymakers planning ecosystem management of protected areas, and researchers of general ecology. In particular, this book will be of interest to ecologists of countries who are not familiar with Japanese mountain ecosystems, which are characterized by humid summers, cold winters, and the snowiest climate in the world.
Structure and Function of Plants
by Jennifer W. MacAdamPlant anatomy and physiology and a broad understanding of basic plant processes are of primary importance to a basic understanding of plant science. These areas serve as the first important building blocks in a variety of fields of study, including botany, plant biology, and horticulture. Structure and Function of Plants will serve as a text aimed at undergraduates in the plant sciences that will provide an accurate overview of complex plant processes as well as details essential to a basic understanding of plant anatomy and physiology. Presented in an engaging style with full-color illustrations, Structure and Function of Plants will appeal to undergraduates, faculty, extension faculty, and members of Master Gardener programs.