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SAFE: Science and Technology in the Age of Ter
by Martha Baer Katrina Heron Olivia Morton Evan RathffIf our society is the most technologically sophisticated on Earth, then why can't we protect ourselves from terrorists and other threats to our safety and security? This is the question that frustrates—and scares—all of us today, and the answers have proved maddeningly elusive. Until now. Through dramatic, enlightening, and often entertaining narratives, SAFE makes visible—and understandable—the high-stakes work being done by some of the most ingenious problem-solvers across the country and around the world, people committed to creating real and dependable security in the twenty-first century.The characters in these pages, from scientists and engineers to academics, entrepreneurs, and emergency workers, take us into a fascinating world of inquiry and discovery. Their stories reveal where our greatest vulnerabilities lie and where our best hope deservedly shines through. They show why the systems we rely on to protect ourselves can also be exploited by others to create catastrophe—and what we can do to outsmart the terrorists. We have ample proof that terrorists will go to great lengths to understand how our technologies can be put to destructive use. Now it's time to ask ourselves a question: Are we willing to let them keep beating us at our own game? For the brilliant and colorful innovators in these pages, the answer is no.Among them are Eric Thompson, an expert digital code breaker instrumental in deciphering hidden Al Qaeda messages; Mike Stein, a New York City firefighter turned technologist who is working to overcome the numerous communications failures of 9/11; Eve Hinman, who conducts structural autopsies at the scene of explosions, including the Oklahoma City bombing, in order to develop more blast-resistant designs; Ken Alibek, the infamous architect of the former Soviet bioweapons program and now an American entrepreneur working in the business of defending his adopted country from bioterrorism; Kris Pister and Michael Sailor, university researchers developing sensors no larger than a speck of dust; Rafi Ron, former head of security for Ben Gurion Airport in Tel Aviv and now a leading strategist on U.S. airport security; Tara O'Toole, who stages doomsday bioterror scenarios in order to craft better biodefense systems; and Jeff Jonas, a high-rolling Las Vegas software entrepreneur whose methods for spotting casino cheats might just have uncovered the 9/11 plot.Readers of SAFE will come away understanding the unique challenges posed by technological progress in a networked, and newly dangerous, world. Witnessing the work of this gathering force of innovators up close, they'll be inspired by the power of the human intellect and spirit—and realize how important the contributions of individual citizens and communities can be.
Safe Drinking Water: The Impact of Chemicals on a Limited Resource (CRC Press Revivals)
by Rip G. RiceA review of the nation’s new coverages serves as a ready reminder that drinking water safety is more than regional of local concern. In recent times, the print media alone has drawn attention to barium, bacteria, heavy metals, and increasingly organic contaminants, in public water supplies located in Florida, Rhode Island, Texas, Oregon, Illinois, Minnesota, North Carolina, Michigan, and California, to name a few. In an effort to address one of the major issues confronting the future of the nation’s drinking water supplies, chemical contamination, the Drinking Water Research Foundation and the American Chemical Society presented the symposium, "Safe Drinking Water: the Impact of Chemicals on a Limited Resource." To add balance to the total presentation, two papers were included that were not part of the symposium. Many questions as to the public significance of hundreds of organic chemicals known to be present in the national drinking water supply are waiting to be answered. In some areas of the country, aid rain-induced alterations of the natural leaching process represent an unexplored potential source of toxic pollutants. Finding workable ways to clean up the water supply will be an ongoing task. Addressing these questions, as well as investigating how other countries are responding to these problems, the alternate sources available, such as bottled water, and point of use devices, the presenters in this symposium have attempted to explain the problems, situation, and alternatives. As progress is made in one area, setbacks will occur in another. As we eliminate problems thought chemical technology, we often create others, such as contamination of our waters. While all the situations, problems, and alternatives are not discussed in these proceedings, it is hoped that some attention will be brought to the public, government, and private sectors so that future work will be done to assure the nation of safe drinking water resources.
Safe Drinking Water: Current and Future Problems (Routledge Revivals)
by Clifford S. RussellOriginally published in 1978, this volume addresses the scientific, economic, and administrative aspects of the public policy problem raised by the United States’ Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974. In this collection of papers, the authors examine the various problems presented by drinking public water in the United States, the United Kingdom, and throughout Europe. This is an ideal title for students interested in environmental studies and public policy reform.
Safe Laboratories: Principles and Practices for Design and Remodeling
by Peter C. AshbrookThis book provides an introduction to basic concepts in the design of safe laboratories. Many of the chapters in this volume are based on papers presented in a symposium sponsored by the American Chemical Society's Committee on Chemical Safety and the Division of Chemical Health and Safety. Topics covered within the book include different perspectives on the design of safe laboratories, generic issues affecting the design of safe laboratories, ventilation and fume hoods, putting laboratory design and safety principles into practice, and working together to design safe laboratories. This publication is intended for individuals and businesses interested in incorporating safety design into laboratory construction and remodeling projects.
Safe on Mars: Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Martian Surface
by Committee on Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Surface of MarsA report on the Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Martian Surface
Safe or Not Safe
by Allan Watt Ortwin Renn Paul Pechan Ingemar PongratzBased on an EU workshop at the end of 2005, the book discusses risk and our food supply. The introductory chapter will discuss all aspects of risk and how it applies to food, from risk classification to risk management. Following a discussion of risk, the authors will present three different case studies that will emphasize the following issues: * What do we want as individuals, as a society * What is the political context of the risk discussion * When do we act and what are the costs of not acting/acting * International trade and legal issues * Moral dimensions of decision making * How do we deal with the disproportionate "power" of the various stakeholders * Rationality/emotive aspects of argumentation (connection between perception /live experiences, knowledge) * What are facts- and do they change with time * Psychological aspects: rapture of trust; the need for certainty; connection between danger, fear and risk
Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions
by Institute of MedicineSafe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions sets forth a vision for space medicine as it applies to deep space voyage. As space missions increase in duration from months to years and extend well beyond Earth’s orbit, so will the attendant risks of working in these extreme and isolated environmental conditions. Hazards to astronaut health range from greater radiation exposure and loss of bone and muscle density to intensified psychological stress from living with others in a confined space. Going beyond the body of biomedical research, the report examines existing space medicine clinical and behavioral research and health care data and the policies attendant to them. It describes why not enough is known today about the dangers of prolonged travel to enable humans to venture into deep space in a safe and sane manner. The report makes a number of recommendations concerning NASA’s structure for clinical and behavioral research, on the need for a comprehensive astronaut health care system and on an approach to communicating health and safety risks to astronauts, their families, and the public.
Safe Passages: Highways, Wildlife, and Habitat Connectivity
by Jon P. Beckmann Jodi A. Hilty Marcel Huijser Anthony P. Clevenger Richard T.T. FormanSafe Passages brings together in a single volume the latest information on the emerging science of road ecology as it relates to mitigating interactions between roads and wildlife. This practical handbook of tools and examples is designed to assist individuals and organizations thinking about or working toward reducing road-wildlife impacts. The book provides: *an overview of the importance of habitat connectivity with regard to roads *current planning approaches and technologies for mitigating the impacts of highways on both terrestrial and aquatic species *different facets of public participation in highway-wildlife connectivity mitigation projects *case studies from partnerships across North America that highlight successful on-the-ground implementation of ecological and engineering solutions *recent innovative highway-wildlife mitigation developments Detailed case studies span a range of scales, from site-specific wildlife crossing structures, to statewide planning for habitat connectivity, to national legislation. Contributors explore the cooperative efforts that are emerging as a result of diverse organizations--including transportation agencies, land and wildlife management agencies, and nongovernmental organizations--finding common ground to tackle important road ecology issues and problems. Safe Passages is an important new resource for local-, state-, and national-level managers and policymakers working on road-wildlife issues, and will appeal to a broad audience including scientists, agency personnel, planners, land managers, transportation consultants, students, conservation organizations, policymakers, and citizens engaged in road-wildlife mitigation projects.
Safe Patients, Smart Hospitals: How One Doctor's Checklist Can Help Us Change Health Care from the Inside Out
by Peter Pronovost Eric VohrThe inspiring story of how a leading innovator in patient safety found a simple way to save countless lives. First, do no harm--doctors, nurses and clinicians swear by this code of conduct. Yet in hospitals and doctors' offices across the country, errors are made every single day--avoidable, simple mistakes that often cost lives. Inspired by two medical mistakes that not only ended in unnecessary deaths but hit close to home, Dr. Peter Pronovost made it his personal mission to improve patient safety and make preventable deaths a thing of the past, one hospital at a time. Dr. Pronovost began with simple improvements to a common procedure in the ER and ICU units at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Creating an easy five-step checklist based on the most up-to-date research for his fellow doctors and nurses to follow, he hoped that streamlining the procedure itself could slow the rate of infections patients often died from. But what Dr. Pronovost discovered was that doctors and nurses needed more than a checklist: the day-to-day environment needed to be more patient-driven and staff needed to see scientific results in order to know their efforts were a success. After those changes took effect, the units Dr. Pronovost worked with decreased their rate of infection by 70%. Today, all fifty states are implementing Dr. Pronovost's programs, which have the potential to save more lives than any other medical innovation in the past twenty-five years. But his ideas are just the beginning of the changes being made by doctors and nurses across the country making huge leaps to improve patient care. In Safe Patients, Smart Hospitals, Dr. Pronovost shares his own experience, anecdotal stories from his colleagues at Johns Hopkins and other hospitals that have made his approach their own, alongside comprehensive research-showing readers how small changes make a huge difference in patient care. Inspiring and thought provoking, this compelling book shows how one person with a cause really can make a huge difference in our lives.
Safe Science: Promoting a Culture of Safety in Academic Chemical Research
by Committee on Establishing Promoting a Culture of Safety in Academic Laboratory ResearchRecent serious and sometimes fatal accidents in chemical research laboratories at United States universities have driven government agencies, professional societies, industries, and universities themselves to examine the culture of safety in research laboratories. These incidents have triggered a broader discussion of how serious incidents can be prevented in the future and how best to train researchers and emergency personnel to respond appropriately when incidents do occur. As the priority placed on safety increases, many institutions have expressed a desire to go beyond simple compliance with regulations to work toward fostering a strong, positive safety culture: affirming a constant commitment to safety throughout their institutions, while integrating safety as an essential element in the daily work of laboratory researchers. "Safe Science" takes on this challenge. This report examines the culture of safety in research institutions and makes recommendations for university leadership, laboratory researchers, and environmental health and safety professionals to support safety as a core value of their institutions. The report discusses ways to fulfill that commitment through prioritizing funding for safety equipment and training, as well as making safety an ongoing operational priority. A strong, positive safety culture arises not because of a set of rules but because of a constant commitment to safety throughout an organization. Such a culture supports the free exchange of safety information, emphasizes learning and improvement, and assigns greater importance to solving problems than to placing blame. High importance is assigned to safety at all times, not just when it is convenient or does not threaten personal or institutional productivity goals. "Safe Science" will be a guide to make the changes needed at all levels to protect students, researchers, and staff.
Safe Use of Chemicals: A Practical Guide
by T.S.S. DikshithOccupational workers frequently use, store, and dispose of toxic chemicals without knowing the possible consequences, both for the workplace and the environment. Improper use or misuse of chemical substances can result in health disorders, fatalities, or chemical disasters. Exceptionally comprehensive, this guide provides an important service by collecting substantiated information on a huge number of chemicals. It covers their safe handling in a variety of settings, including work, domestic, and scientific settings. The text reviews aspects of toxicology including toxic symptoms, sources, safe handling, possible health hazards, long-term consequences of improper use, and management. The book covers drugs, pollutants, pesticides, industrial solvents, medical compounds, and food additives. It also reviews chemical classifications and regulatory systems.
Safely to Earth: The Men and Women Who Brought the Astronauts Home
by Jack ClemonsIn this one-of-a-kind memoir, Jack Clemons—a former lead engineer in support of NASA—takes readers behind the scenes and into the inner workings of the Apollo and Space Shuttle programs during their most exciting years. Discover the people, the events, and the risks involved in one of the most important parts of space missions: bringing the astronauts back home to Earth. <p><p> Clemons joined Project Apollo in 1968, a young engineer inspired by science fiction and electrified by John F. Kennedy’s challenge to the nation to put a man on the moon. He describes his experiences supporting the NASA engineering team at what is now the Johnson Space Center in Houston, where he played a pivotal role in designing the reentry and landing procedures for Apollo astronauts and providing live support as part of the Mission Control Center’s backroom team. He went on to work on Skylab and the Space Shuttle Program, eventually assuming leadership for the entire integrated software system on board the Space Shuttle. <p><p> Through personal stories, Clemons introduces readers to many of the unsung heroes of the Apollo and Space Shuttle missions—the people who worked side by side with NASA engineers supporting reentry and landing for each Apollo mission and the software team who fashioned the computer programs that accompanied the crews on the Space Shuttle. Clemons worked closely with astronauts who relied on him and his fellow engineers for directions to their destination, guidance on how to get there, control of their fate during their journeys, and a safe return. He reveals problems, challenges, and near-disasters previously unknown to the public and offers candid opinions on the preventable failures that led to the loss of fourteen astronauts in the Challenger and Columbia tragedies. <p><p> Highlighting the staggering responsibility and the incredible technological challenges that Clemons and his colleagues took on in the race to reach the moon and explore the mysteries of space, this book is a fascinating insider’s view of some of the greatest adventures of the twentieth century.
Safer Insecticides Development and Use: Development and Use
by E. HodgsonReference to the design of new insecticides nontoxic to the environment and the public emphasizing optimal food production with greater safety. Some 30 international experts examine topics including new types of active molecules among natural products and animal toxins; insect metabolic and organ sy
Safer Seas: Systematic Accident Prevention
by Koji FukuokaMarine accidents can occur at any time and everywhere in the world, resulting in loss of life, property, environment and reputation of the companies involved. Preventing accidents and establishing a safer world without accidents is an important agenda for the maritime industry. Since the enforcement of the International Safety Management Code in 1998, companies have taken various kinds of measures to prevent accidents. Unfortunately, measures have been undertaken in a disorganized manner, and have not been effective. Experts of risk management, the safety management system, and accident models have each undertaken accident preventive measures within the scope of their specific fields, but have not looked beyond the realm of their own fields. This book discusses systematic accident prevention by integrating multi-disciplinary expertise based on academic research, the quality management system which has already proved its effectiveness in other fields, and findings of the author’s research. In systematic accident prevention, the weaknesses of a system within which accidents and incidents have occurred are viewed by combining scientific accident investigation data based on the International Maritime Organization model and the accident model. The nature of every type of marine accident, such as collisions, groundings, occupational casualties, etc., are derived by combining the accident model and statistical data. System weaknesses are rectified by the risk reduction method of risk management, and the rectified performance is incorporated in improvement in the system by the PDCA cycle, which is the core of the Safety Management System. We can see the weakness in the system and reduce the number of accidents and incidents while utilizing limited resources optimally to prevent accidents and incidents.
Safety and Health in Composite Industry (Composites Science and Technology)
by S.M. Sapuan R.A. Ilyas M.R.M. AsyrafThis book provides the latest developments on safety practices utilized in composite manufacturing facilities for students, workers, engineers, and other participants. It includes commentary from academic experts in the field who present cutting-edge research on advanced composite materials. Illustrations, figures, and tables are included in this book in order to make it easier for students, workers, engineers, and other participants to understand the contents of this book. The end user knows the safety and health that should be practiced in composite industry and their right in composite industry. Besides that, the composites industry players can upgrade their current safety system to the recommended practiced system. A lot of problems are solved by integrate the current system and advanced technology system from extensive research.
Safety and Reliability in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Practical Approach
by B.S. DhillonAn Insightful Guide to Avoiding Offshore Oil- and Gas-Industry Disaster Designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining offshore oil and gas industry equipment and systems can sometimes result in accidents, injuries, and other serious problems. Safety and Reliability in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Practical Approach focuses on oil and gas indus
Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders for Gas Storage by Statistical Methods
by Georg W. MairFeaturing a detailed analysis of current approval requirements and the relevant safety assessment methods for gas cylinders in general and with main focus on composite cylinders for storing compressed natural gas and hydrogen, this book demonstrates how current regulations and standards limit the ability to reduce cost and weight. Based on this data, it then highlights the potential offered by the proposed approval procedure based on probabilistic safety assessment After addressing the economic potential of probabilistic safety assessments, the book details working procedures and improving cycles and (slow) bursts as methods for assessing residual strength. It then discusses methods for statistically evaluating test data, as well as sample- size and distribution-character considerations. A definition of sample strength is elaborated in terms of the performance sheets developed by the author. On this basis, it discusses safety as a property of service life and interpreted as an issue of degradation, and explores aspects of artificial aging for simulating the end-of-life reliability level. Lastly, the book considers control and inspection aspects: quality of production, degradation prediction using destructive sample tests parallel to operation, retesting periods and correcting for under- and overestimates of safe lifetime. Presented in schematic diagrams, illustrations and tables, this information enables manufacturers and operators to use this new approach in practice and supports the improvement of current regulations and standards.
Safety Assessment of Genetically Engineered Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study of the Flavr Savr Tomato
by Keith RedenbaughUse of genetically engineered plants for food production has raised many questions about food safety. Scientists, environmentalists, and government regulators have debated safety issues since the advent of genetic engineering.
Safety Causation Analysis in Sociotechnical Systems: Advanced Models and Techniques (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #541)
by Esmaeil ZareiThis book provides a comprehensive view on theories, models, and techniques used to investigate and analyze incidents and safety causalities occurring in sociotechnical systems. Consisted of intricately interconnected components, sociotechnical systems are always prone to incidents. These incidents can ensue with adverse effects on employees and the public, the environment, and company's properties and reputation. Sometimes, a single incident has the potential to terminate the operation of a business forever. As incidents are multi-factorial and not easy to comprehend, they should be investigated systematically in a structured way so as to find their root causes and prevent them from recurring. Consequently, there have been developed many theories, models, and techniques aimed at accomplishing this goal. However, each approach has its own upsides and downsides, and there is no universal one applicable to all cases. Therefore, researchers and practitioners may sometimes find it difficult to select the most appropriate approach for the given case. After introducing theories, models, and techniques pertaining to incident investigation and safety causalities modeling, this book explains each one in details and discusses their pros and cons. The book aims to provide the audience with a step-by-step guidance for performing incident investigation and analysis. At the end of each chapter an example is analyzed by the introduced tool. Finally, the book offers criteria based on which an incident analysis technique can be selected.
Safety Concerns for Herbal Drugs
by Divya Vohora S. B. VohoraAre herbal drugs totally devoid of adverse effects when used alone, as herbal formulations, or in concurrent use with modern medicines? Safety Concerns for Herbal Drugs examines that question and others like it to give you the information you need to judge for yourself the balance between the risks and benefits associated with the therapeutic use o
Safety Dynamics: Evaluating Risk in Complex Industrial Systems (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Franck Guarnieri Emmanuel GarbolinoThis book describes a systematic approach to risk assessment for complex socio-technical systems like industrial processes, especially innovative ones. It provides an overview of applications of system dynamics theory and methodologies on industrial systems in order to demonstrate the relevance of such an approach in helping to assess risks in such complex systems. An important feature of this approach is that it takes into account the dynamic of the interactions of the components (technical, human and organizational ones) in order to study and simulate the behavior of the system. This methodology helps to define the failures and/or accident scenarios and to implement and test the prevention and protection barriers. This book is of particular interest to students and teachers at university level (Master and Doctorate) and to engineers interested in risk analysis and management.
Safety Engineering in the Oil and Gas Industry
by Karan SotoodehWhen accidents occur in the oil and gas industry, the impacts can be profound. Serious injury or death to workers, environmental disasters and colossal costs for insurance or clean ups make the industry a hazardous one to operate in. Disasters become major news events such as the Prestige oil spill, Piper Alpha, Exxon Valdez oil spill and Deepwater Horizon. A move towards improving the health and safety of the industry is underway. This book emphasizes controlling, managing, and mitigating the risk of hazards in the oil and gas industry, increasing safety, and protecting the environment by identifying the hazards in the oil and gas industry through safety engineering techniques and management methods. Safety Engineering in the Oil and Gas Industry discusses how to improve safety and reliability in the oil and gas industry so that hazards can be reduced to the lowest level feasible. It covers the techniques needed to operate safely in an oil and/or gas industry setting, the standards that should be adhered to, the impacts of PPE, fire and explosions, equipment and infrastructure failures and storage and reliability engineering, amongst many other topics. This book is written in an easy-to-read and appealing style and multiple-choice questions are included to help with learning and understanding the concepts included. Underpinned by real life case studies and examples, this book aims to allow readers to consider how they can reduce the costs associated with bad safety practices to their business through maintained and consistent health, safety and environmental (HSE) standards. This book is a must-read for any student or professional studying or working in the oil and gas industries. It also has additional appeal to those with an academic or professional interest in occupational health and safety, civil engineering, offshore engineering and maritime engineering.
Safety Evaluation in the Development of Medical Devices and Combination Products
by Shayne C. Gad Marian G. McCordCapturing the growth of the global medical device market in recent years, this practical new guide is essential for all who are responsible for ensuring safety in the use and manufacture of medical devices. It has been extensively updated to reflect significant advances, incorporating combination products and helpful case examples of current real-l
Safety for Particle Accelerators (Particle Acceleration and Detection)
by Thomas OttoThe use of non-standard technologies such as superconductivity, cryogenics and radiofrequency pose challenges for the safe operation of accelerator facilities that cannot be addressed using only best practice from occupational safety in conventional industry. This book introduces readers to different occupational safety issues at accelerator facilities and is directed to managers, scientists, technical personnel and students working at current or future accelerator facilities. While the focus is on occupational safety – how to protect the people working at these facilities – the book also touches on “machine safety” – how to prevent accelerators from doing structural damage to themselves. This open access book offers a first introduction to safety at accelerator facilities. Presenting an overview of the safety-related aspects of the specific technologies employed in particle accelerators, it highlights the potential hazards at such facilities and current prevention and protection measures. It closes with a review of safety management and organization at accelerator facilities.
Safety, Health and Welfare in Agriculture and Agro-Food Systems: Ragusa SHWA 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #521)
by Remigio Berruto Marcello Biocca Eugenio Cavallo Massimo Cecchini Sabina Failla Elio RomanoThis book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the fields of agricultural biotechnology, agro-food systems and forestry, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 7th International Conference on Safety, Health and Welfare in Agriculture and Agro-food Systems (SHWA), held in Ragusa, Italy, on September 6–9, 2023. The papers cover a range of topics such as agricultural assistive technologies, machine milking, animal welfare, sustainable livestock farming, work organization and logistic in agro-food supply chain, agricultural instrumentation and equipment, safety and health in building, agriculture 4.0, automation, occupational health, precision farming, effect of landscapes on human health, environmental safety, rural health, agricultural machinery, ROPS, augmented reality and IoT, cyber security. The contributions included in the book were selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process and offer an extensive and multidisciplinary overview of interesting solutions in the field of sustainable agriculture.