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Tackling Society's Grand Challenges with Design Science
by Markus Helfert Jeffrey Parsons Tuure Tuunanen John Venable Brian Donnellan Jim KenneallyThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST 2016, held in St. John, Newfoundland, Canada, in May 2016. The 11 full papers, 2 short papers and 9 short papers describing prototypes and products were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers are organized around the following topics: methodological aspects of design science; applications of design science research to real world design problems, for example in social media, health care systems, embedded technologies, climate, security.
Tackling Turbulent Flows in Engineering
by Anupam DewanThe emphasis of this book is on engineering aspects of fluid turbulence. The book explains for example how to tackle turbulence in industrial applications. It is useful to several disciplines, such as, mechanical, civil, chemical, aerospace engineers and also to professors, researchers, beginners, under graduates and post graduates. The following issues are emphasized in the book: - Modeling and computations of engineering flows: The author discusses in detail the quantities of interest for engineering turbulent flows and how to select an appropriate turbulence model; Also, a treatment of the selection of appropriate boundary conditions for the CFD simulations is given. - Modeling of turbulent convective heat transfer: This is encountered in several practical situations. It basically needs discussion on issues of treatment of walls and turbulent heat fluxes. - Modeling of buoyancy driven flows, for example, smoke issuing from chimney, pollutant discharge into water bodies, etc
Tackling Wicked Problems: Through the Transdisciplinary Imagination
by John Harris Valerie A Brown Jacqueline RussellFrom climate change to GM foods, we are increasingly confronted with complex, interconnected social and environmental problems that span disciplines, knowledge bases and value systems. This book offers a transdisciplinary, open approach for those working towards resolving these 'wicked' problems and highlights the crucial role of this 'transdisciplinary imagination' in addressing the shift to sustainable futures. Tackling Wicked Problems provides readers with a framework and practical examples that will guide the design and conduct of their own open-ended enquiries. In this approach, academic disciplines are combined with personal, local and strategic understanding and researchers are required to recognise multiple knowledge cultures, accept the inevitability of uncertainty, and clarify their own and others' ethical positions. The authors then comment on fifteen practical examples of how researchers have engaged with the opportunities and challenges of conducting transdisciplinary inquiries. The book gives those who are grappling with complex problems innovative methods of inquiry that will allow them to work collaboratively towards long-term solutions.
Tackling the Inverse Problem for Non-Autonomous Systems: Application to the Life Sciences
by Tomislav StankovskiThis thesis presents a new method for following evolving interactions between coupled oscillatory systems of the kind that abound in nature. Examples range from the subcellular level, to ecosystems, through climate dynamics, to the movements of planets and stars. Such systems mutually interact, adjusting their internal clocks, and may correspondingly move between synchronized and non-synchronized states. The thesis describes a way of using Bayesian inference to exploit the presence of random fluctuations, thus analyzing these processes in unprecedented detail. It first develops the basic theory of interacting oscillators whose frequencies are non-constant, and then applies it to the human heart and lungs as an example. Their coupling function can be used to follow with great precision the transitions into and out of synchronization. The method described has the potential to illuminate the ageing process as well as to improve diagnostics in cardiology, anesthesiology and neuroscience, and yields insights into a wide diversity of natural processes.
Taconite Dreams: The Struggle to Sustain Mining on Minnesota’s Iron Range, 1915-2000
by Jeffrey T. ManuelWinner of the Midwestern History Association's 2016 Hamlin Garland Prize The Iron Range earned its name honestly: it was once among the world&’s richest iron ore mining districts. The Iron Range propelled the U.S. steel industry in the late nineteenth century, and iron mining sustained generations in the region with work and a strong economy. But long before most other parts of the country faced the realities of industrial decline, Minnesota&’s Iron Range was already striving to maintain its core industry.In Taconite Dreams: The Struggle to Sustain Mining on Minnesota&’s Iron Range, 1915–2000, Jeffrey T. Manuel examines how the region fought the dislocation that came with economic changes, technological advances, and global shifts in industrial production. On the Iron Range, efforts included the development of taconite mining as a technological fix for the drop in hematite mining. Manuel describes the Iron Range&’s modern history and how the downturn was opposed by individuals, civic groups, and commercial interests. The first book dedicated to thoroughly exploring this era on the Iron Range, Taconite Dreams demonstrates how the area fit into a larger story of regions wrestling with deindustrialization in the twentieth century. The 1964 taconite amendment to Minnesota&’s constitution, the bruising federal pollution lawsuit that closed a taconite plant, and the Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board&’s economic development policy are all discussed.Ultimately, the resistance against economic decline is also a battle over mining&’s memory and legacy, one that continues today. Manuel&’s history sheds much-needed light on this important yet widely overlooked mining region as well as the impact of the past century&’s struggles on the people who call it home.
Tactical Combat Casualty Care and Wound Treatment
by U.S. Department of DefenseMilitary surgeons must assume a leadership role in combat casualty care in circumstances that are far less than ideal. This handbook provides much of the information needed to tackle these issues and features state-of-the-art principles and practices of forward trauma surgery as used by military physicians in far flung locations around the globe. In this volume you’ll learn such integral skills as: * Tactical field care * Field dressing * Applying pressure dressing * Treating burns * Treating inhalation injuries * And more! Tactical Combat Casualty Care and Wound Treatment is the most trusted and up-to-date manual offered by the Department of Defense for military medical personnel in the field.
Tactical Crime Analysis: Research and Investigation
by Derek J. Paulsen Sean Bair Dan HelmsResearch has shown that the majority of crimes are committed by persistent or serial offenders, with as little as seven percent of offenders accounting for approximately 60 percent of all crimes. By focusing police efforts on these prolific offenders and learning to identify, analyze, and resolve the crimes they commit, the law enforcement communit
Tactical Display for Soldiers: Human Factors Considerations
by Panel on Human Factors in the Design of Tactical Display Systems for the Individual SoldierThis book examines the human factors issues associated with the development, testing, and implementation of helmet-mounted display technology in the 21st Century Land Warrior System.Because the framework of analysis is soldier performance with the system in the full range of environments and missions, the book discusses both the military context and the characteristics of the infantry soldiers who will use the system. The major issues covered include the positive and negative effects of such a display on the local and global situation awareness of the individual soldier, an analysis of the visual and psychomotor factors associated with each design feature, design considerations for auditory displays, and physical sources of stress and the implications of the display for affecting the soldier's workload. The book proposes an innovative approach to research and testing based on a three-stage strategy that begins in the laboratory, moves to controlled field studies, and culminates in operational testing.
Tactile Score
by Yasuhiro Suzuki Rieko SuzukiThis book deals with one of the most novel advances in natural computing, namely, in the field of tactile sense analysis. Massage, which provides relaxation and stimulation for human beings, is analyzed in this book for the first time by encoding the motions and tactile senses involved. The target audience is not limited to researchers who are interested in natural computing but also includes those working in ergonomic design, biomedical engineering, Kansei engineering, and cognitive science.
Tactile Sensing and Display
by Saeed Sokhanvar Siamak Arbatani Siamak Najarian Javad DargahiComprehensively covers the key technologies for the development of tactile perception in minimally invasive surgeryCovering the timely topic of tactile sensing and display in minimally invasive and robotic surgery, this book comprehensively explores new techniques which could dramatically reduce the need for invasive procedures. The tools currently used in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) lack any sort of tactile sensing, significantly reducing the performance of these types of procedures. This book systematically explains the various technologies which the most prominent researchers have proposed to overcome the problem. Furthermore, the authors put forward their own findings, which have been published in recent patents and patent applications. These solutions offer original and creative means of surmounting the current drawbacks of MIS and robotic surgery.Key features:-Comprehensively covers topics of this ground-breaking technology including tactile sensing, force sensing, tactile display, PVDF fundamentalsDescribes the mechanisms, methods and sensors that measure and display kinaesthetic and tactile data between a surgical tool and tissueWritten by authors at the cutting-edge of research into the area of tactile perception in minimally invasive surgeryProvides key topic for academic researchers, graduate students as well as professionals working in the area
Tag-based Next Generation Sequencing (Molecular Plant Biology Ser.)
by Matthias Harbers Günter KahlTag-based approaches were originally designed to increase the throughput of capillary sequencing, where concatemers of short sequences were first used in expression profiling. New Next Generation Sequencing methods largely extended the use of tag-based approaches as the tag lengths perfectly match with the short read length of highly parallel sequencing reactions. Tag-based approaches will maintain their important role in life and biomedical science, because longer read lengths are often not required to obtain meaningful data for many applications. Whereas genome re-sequencing and de novo sequencing will benefit from ever more powerful sequencing methods, analytical applications can be performed by tag-based approaches, where the focus shifts from 'sequencing power' to better means of data analysis and visualization for common users. Today Next Generation Sequence data require powerful bioinformatics expertise that has to be converted into easy-to-use data analysis tools. The book's intention is to give an overview on recently developed tag-based approaches along with means of their data analysis together with introductions to Next-Generation Sequencing Methods, protocols and user guides to be an entry for scientists to tag-based approaches for Next Generation Sequencing.
Tagging and Tracking of Marine Animals with Electronic Devices
by Alistair Hobday Molly Lutcavage Haritz Arrizabalaga Nuno Fragoso Jennifer L. Nielsen John SibertThe 2nd international tagging and tracking symposium was held in San Sebastian, Spain, in October 2007, seven years after the first symposium was held in Hawaii in 2000 (Sibert and Nielsen 2001). In the intervening seven years, there have been major advances in both the capability and reliability of electronic tags and analytical approaches for geolocation of tagged animals in marine habitats. Advances such as increased data storage capacity, sensor development, and tag miniaturization have allowed researchers to track a much wider array of marine animals, not just large and charismatic species. Importantly, data returned by these tags are now being used in population analyses and movement simulations that can be directly utilized in stock assessments and other management applications. Papers in this volume are divided into three sections, the first describing insights into behavior achieved using acoustic, archival, and novel tags, the second reporting on advances in methods of geolocation, while the final section includes contributions where tag data have been used in management of marine species. Accurate documentation of animal movements and behaviors in critical marine habitats are impossible to obtain with other technologies. The management and conservation of marine species are critical in today's changing ocean environment and as electronic tags become more accurate and functional for a diversity of organisms their application continues to grow, setting new standards in science and technology.
Tagore, Einstein and the Nature of Reality: Literary and Philosophical Reflections (Routledge Studies In The Philosophy Of Mathematics And Physics Ser.)
by Partha GhoseThis volume consists of a selection of scholarly essays from literature, philosophy and history on the conception of reality as understood by Rabindranath Tagore and Albert Einstein. The nature of reality has been a long-debated issue among scientists and philosophers. Tagore (1861–1941) met Einstein (1879–1955) at the latter’s house in Kaputh, Germany on 14 July 1930 and had a long conversation on this issue. This conversation has been widely quoted and discussed by scientists, philosophers and scholars from the literary world. The important question that Tagore and Einstein discussed was whether the world is a unity dependent on humanity, or the world is a reality independent of the human factor. Einstein believed that reality is independent of the mind and the human factor. On the other hand, Tagore adopted the opposite view. Nevertheless, both Einstein and Tagore claimed to be realists — their conceptions of reality were obviously fundamentally different. Where does the difference lie? Can it be harmonized at a deeper level? This volume brings together for the first time a gamut of views on this subject from eminent scholars. It presents some key reflections on reality, language, poetry, truth, science, personality, human sciences, virtue ethics, intelligibility and creativity. It will be useful to scholars and researchers of philosophy, literature, history and political studies, as also to those interested in Tagore.
Tahoma and its People: A Natural History of Mount Rainier National Park
by Jeff Antonelis-LappA magnificent active volcano, Mount Rainier ascends to 14,410 feet above sea level--the highest in Washington State. The source of five major rivers, it has more glaciers than any other peak in the contiguous U.S. Its slopes are home to ancient forests, spectacular subalpine meadows, and unique, captivating creatures. <p><p>In Tahoma and Its People, a passionate, informed, hands-on science educator presents a natural and environmental history of Mount Rainier National Park and the surrounding region. Jeff Antonelis-Lapp explores geologic processes that create and alter landscapes, interrelationships within and between plant and animal communities, weather and climate influences on ecosystems, and what linked the iconic mountain with the people who traveled to it for millennia. He intersperses his own direct observation and study of organisms, as well as personal interactions with rangers, archaeologists, a master Native American weaver, and others. He covers a plethora of topics: geology, archaeology, indigenous villages and use of resources, climate and glacier studies, alpine and forest ecology, rivers, watershed dynamics, keystone species, threatened wildlife, geological hazards, and current resource management. Numerous color illustrations, maps, and figures supplement the text. <p><p>2020 Banff Mountain Book Competition Finalist, Mountain Environment and Natural History category
Tailings Dam Design / Conception des Barrages de Stériles Miniers: Technology Update / Mise à Jour des Technologies (ICOLD Bulletins Series #181)
by Cigb IcoldTailings are produced from the processing of mineral ores and are commonly stored within embankment dams. The design of the dams requires application of sound engineering principles and an understanding of the properties of the tailings. This Bulletin provides a framework for classifying different types of tailings, ranging from ultra-fine to coarse, based on their geotechnical properties and provides typical geotechnical parameters for the different tailings types. Technologies for dewatering tailings to reduce the risk of storage continue to be developed and the different technologies, from thickening to filtration, and re-application of old technologies are presented to illustrate the options available and, where appropriate, typical in situ properties. This bulletin is directed towards a wide audience of stakeholders: designers, owners, regulators, communities and various organizations and provides a reference for communicating tailings properties and the benefits and limitations of technologies. All mining operations, and thereby tailings operations, are unique. There is no one-solution-fits-all. Tailings dam designs need to account for site-specific conditions, such as climate, physiography, geochemistry, geomorphology, seismology, mining processes, environment, and community setting, with the application of technologies playing an important role in developing safe, sustainable tailings facilities. Les stériles miniers sont produits à partir du traitement des minerais et sont généralement stockés derrière des barrages en remblai. La conception des barrages nécessite l'application de principes d'ingénierie solides et une compréhension des propriétés des résidus. Ce bulletin fournit un cadre pour classer différents types de résidus, allant de l'ultra-fin au grossier, en fonction de leurs propriétés géotechniques et propose des paramètres géotechniques typiques pour les différentes sortes de résidus. Les technologies d'assèchement des résidus pour réduire le risque de stockage continuent à être développées ; les différentes technologies, de l'épaississement à la filtration, en passant par l’application des anciennes technologies, sont présentées pour illustrer les options disponibles et, le cas échéant, les propriétés in situ typiques. Ce bulletin s'adresse à un large public d'intervenants : concepteurs, propriétaires, régulateurs, communautés et organisations diverses et fournit une référence pour communiquer les propriétés des résidus et les avantages et les limites des technologies. Toutes les opérations minières et, par conséquent, les traitements des résidus, sont uniques. Il n'y a pas de solution unique pour tous. La conception des barrages de résidus doit tenir compte des conditions propres au site, telles que le climat, la physiographie, la géochimie, la géomorphologie, la sismologie, les processus miniers, l'environnement et le milieu communautaire, l'application de technologies jouant un rôle important dans le développement de parcs à résidus sûrs et durables.
Tailings Dam Management for the Twenty-First Century: What Mining Companies Need to Know and Do to Thrive in Our Complex World
by Franco Oboni Cesar OboniThis book presents a comprehensive approach to address the need to improve the design of tailings dams, their management and the regulation of tailings management facilities to reduce, and eventually eliminate, the risk of such facilities failing. The scope of the challenge is well documented in the report by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and GRID Arendal entitled “Mine Tailings Storage: Safety Is No Accident,” which was released in October 2017. The report recommends that “Regulators, industry and communities should adopt a shared, zero-failure objective to tailings storage facilities…” and identifies several areas where further improvements are required. In this context, the application of cutting-edge risk-assessment methodologies and risk-management practices can contribute to a significant reduction and eventual elimination of dam failures through Risk Informed Decision Making. As such, the book focuses on identifying and describing the risk-assessment approaches and risk-management practices that need to be implemented in order to develop a way forward to achieve socially acceptable levels of tailings dam risk.
Tailored Functional Oxide Nanomaterials: From Design to Multi-Purpose Applications
by Davide Barreca Chiara MaccatoTailored Functional Oxide Nanomaterials A comprehensive exploration of the preparation and application of metal oxide nanomaterials Tailored Functional Oxide Nanomaterials: From Design to Multi-Purpose Applications delivers a one-of-a-kind discussion of the fundamentals and key applications of metal oxide nanomaterials. The book explores everything from their preparation to the mastering of their characteristics in an interdisciplinary view. The distinguished authors address theoretical research and advanced technological utilizations, illustrating key issues for the understanding and real-world end-uses of the most important class of inorganic materials. The interplay between the design, preparation, chemico-physical characterization, and functional behaviors of metal oxide nanomaterials in a variety of fields is presented. Up-to-date work and knowledge on these materials is also described, with fulsome summaries of important applications that are relevant to researchers pursuing safety, sustainability, and energy end-uses. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to vapor phase growth of metal oxide thin films and nanostructures Comprehensive explorations of addressing complex transition metal oxides at the nanoscale, including bottom-up syntheses of nano-objects and properties Practical discussions of nanosized oxides supported on mats of carbon nanotubes, including synthesis strategies and performances of Ti/CNT systems In-depth examinations of computational approaches to the study of oxide nanomaterials and nanoporous oxides Perfect for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, physicists, catalytic chemists, and chemical engineers, Tailored Functional Oxide Nanomaterials will also earn a place in the libraries of solid-state chemists.
Tailored Light Emitters For Biomedical Applications: Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Emerging Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Nelson Oshogwue EtafoThis book provides a comprehensive guide to the development, testing, and medical applications of photoluminescent materials. It covers key material classes—such as quantum dots, organic fluorophores, and lanthanide-doped nanoparticles—and explores how their light emission properties can be tailored for medical use. Readers will find in-depth discussions on biocompatibility strategies, targeted drug delivery with light-triggered release mechanisms, in vivo imaging for real-time therapeutic monitoring, and advanced diagnostic techniques like biosensors and fluorescence assays. The book also delves into photoluminescence-based therapies, including antibacterial treatments, photoimmunotherapy, and cancer phototherapy, offering researchers and practitioners the tools to develop safe and effective next-generation medical technologies.
Tailored Organic-Inorganic Materials
by Jorge L. Colón Abraham Clearfield Ernesto BrunetThis book explores the limitless ability to design new materials by layering clay materials within organic compounds. Assembly, properties, characterization, and current and potential applications are offered to inspire the development of novel materials. Coincides with the government's Materials Genome Initiative, to inspire the development of green, sustainable, robust materials that lead to efficient use of limited resources Contains a thorough introductory and chemical foundation before delving into techniques, characterization, and properties of these materials Applications in biocatalysis, drug delivery, and energy storage and recovery are discussed Presents a case for an often overlooked hybrid material: organic-clay materials
Tailored Polymers and Applications
by Y. Yagci M. K. Mishra O. Nuyken K. Ito G. WnekThis book contains a selection of papers presented at APME '99 ( Third International Symposium on Advanced Polymers via Macromolecular Engineering --- Colonial Williamsburg, VA, USA, July/August 1999). The book focuses on the synthesis of targeted polymers with specific properties using macromolecular architecture. Various controlled polymerization
Tainted Tap: Flint's Journey from Crisis to Recovery
by Katrinell M. DavisAfter a cascade of failures left residents of Flint, Michigan, without a reliable and affordable supply of safe drinking water, citizens spent years demanding action from their city and state officials. Complaints from the city's predominantly African American residents were ignored until independent researchers confirmed dangerously elevated blood lead levels among Flint children and in the city's tap water. Despite a 2017 federal court ruling in favor of Flint residents who had demanded mitigation, those efforts have been incomplete at best. Assessing the challenges that community groups faced in their attempts to advocate for improved living conditions, Tainted Tap offers a rich analysis of conditions and constraints that created the Flint water crisis. Katrinell Davis contextualizes the crisis in Flint's long and troubled history of delivering essential services, the consequences of regional water-management politics, and other forms of systemic neglect that impacted the working-class community's health and well-being. Using ethnographic and empirical evidence from a range of sources, Davis also sheds light on the forms of community action that have brought needed changes to this underserved community.
Taiwan's Environmental Struggle: Toward a Green Silicon Island (Routledge Contemporary Asia Series)
by Jack Williams Ch’ang-yi David ChangTaiwan experienced a highly successful economic transformation in the last 50 years that produced one of Asia’s genuine ‘miracles’ of modern development, in terms of improvement in per capita income and overall quality of material well being for its citizens. The process, though, involved rapid industrialization and urbanization, and breakneck mass consumption, that inevitably resulted in rapid escalation in degradation of the island’s fragile air, water, and land, and produced some of the worst environmental pollution to be found anywhere in Asia This book examines the causes of Taiwan's environmental predicament, engaging in Taiwan's unique geological, geographical, demographical, political, industrial, historical and economic circumstances. In addition, Jack Williams and Ch'ang-yi David Chang assess the efforts of the government, NGOs and private citizens to create a "green" environmentally sustainable island, with a high tech economy based on the silicon chip, the backbone of Taiwan’s highly successful IT industry. Finally the authors discuss what can be done to improve Taiwan's environmental future. As the first commercially available book in English on Taiwan’s environmental problems this is an invaluable read for students and scholars interested in environmental studies, sustainable development and the island of Taiwan.
Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values
by Thomas S. LiWritten by internationally renowned scientist and author Thomas S.C. Li, Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants presents information critical to assessing the medicinal potential of Taiwanese herbs. A comprehensive review of chemical constituents, toxicity, and therapeutic values, the book focuses on documentation of the chemical components present and
Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Systems Non-fragile H-infinity Filtering
by Xiao-Heng ChangTakagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Systems Non-fragile H-infinity Filtering investigates the problem of non-fragile H-infinity filter design for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems. Given a T-S fuzzy system, the objective of this book is to design an H-infinity filter with the gain variations such that the filtering error system guarantees a prescribed H-infinity performance level. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the solution of non-fragile H-infinity filter design problem can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The intended audiences are graduate students and researchers both from the fields of engineering and mathematics. Dr. Xiao-Heng Chang is an Associate Professor at the College of Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
Take Me to the Source: In Search of Water
by Rupert WrightColourless, tasteless, odourless, ageless: water is both the simplest thing on earth and the most complex. We cannot live without it yet it kills six thousand children a day. It is the ultimate renewable resource but we pollute it without thinking twice. Why, if water is so valuable does nobody want to pay for it unless it comes in a designer bottle? Is it really the oil of the twenty-first century? Will we all soon be fighting over it, or can it lead countries into co-operation rather than conflict? In this enthralling voyage of discovery, Rupert Wright sets out to discover exactly what water is and why it plays such an important role in history, culture, art and literature. Part reportage and part personal journey, Take Me to the Source is the fascinating story of the substance that makes life on earth possible.