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The Biological Role of a Virus (Advances in Environmental Microbiology #9)
by Christon J. HurstThis book answers the question “What is it that viruses do?” by presenting three aspects of viral ecology. The first aspect explains how viruses affect the population diversity and energetics of their host communities. Perhaps the most notable example of this concept is our understanding that primary production within ecosystems often depends upon those viruses which serve as controllers of nutrient recycling, connecting the aquatic and terrestrial realms in ways that can be assessed locally and globally. The second aspect describes genetic partnerships which exist between hosts and their viruses. These include processes termed endogeny and lysogeny by which the host carries at least a partial genomic copy of the virus. Fluidity of these collective genomes is expressed on an evolutionary time scale and the mutual life cycles which they produce represent a forging of shared genomic fate that obligates partnership of the virus and its host. The viral sequences represent a source of potential benefit as well as potential peril for the host and can implement phenotypic changes in the host. Hosts often use those changes as tools. As humans, the most notable example would be that mammals rely upon temporary activation of their endogenous viral genes in order to successfully develop a placenta. The third aspect is defending the health of a host, which relies upon activity in two directions. Hosts often use their captured viral genes to identify and subsequently direct battle against invading viruses. This natural concept has been engineered for combating cancer, is useful for suppressing the detrimental consequences of genetic diseases, and has been developed to create targeted antiviral vaccines. But, the defense has to work in two directions and the host can use other symbiotic microorganisms as protection against its viruses. This book will appeal to a wide readership by providing a broad perspective of viral ecology, and all scientists will find it helpful for gaining a view of fields beyond their specialization.
The Biological Universe: Life in the Milky Way and Beyond
by Wallace ArthurAre we alone in the universe, or are there other life forms 'out there'? This is one of the most scientifically and philosophically important questions that humanity can ask. Now, in the early 2020s, we are tantalizingly close to an answer. As this book shows, the answer will almost certainly be that life forms are to be found across the Milky Way and beyond. They will be thinly spread, to be sure. Yet the number of inhabited planets probably runs into the trillions. Some are close enough for us to detect evidence of life by analysing their atmospheres. This evidence may be found within a couple of decades. Its arrival will be momentous. But even before it arrives we can anticipate what life elsewhere will be like by examining the ecology and evolution of life on Earth. This book considers the current state of play in relation to these titanic issues.
The Biological and Social Determinants of Child Development: A Special Double Issue of developmental Neuropsychology
by Steven M. LeharThe Biological and Social Determinants of Child Development stimulates cross-disciplinary communication and research collaboration in the field of child development. While the papers in this issue seem diverse in terms of topic and discipline, there are a number of common themes: *critical period for brain development and the importance of specific environmental input during this period; *importance of early brain development and enriched environments is supported in articles describing findings from human studies; *potential for brain plasticity following specialized retraining is found in a compelling paper demonstrating different profiles of brain activation for normal readers vs. those who have dyslexia and younger children at high risk for development of reading disabilities; and *critical period, brain plasticity, and parallel changes in developing behavior and brain structure and functioning. As a number of papers in this issue describe potential interventions, one is relevant because it describes the numerous factors that make results of such studies have the potential to generalize to larger populations. Putting the described papers in a broad perspective, the last article argues that we cannot understand the health status of a society without understanding the health-determining influences across the life course.
The Biological and Social Dimensions of Human Knowledge
by Jan FayeTraditionally, philosophers have argued that epistemology is a normative discipline and therefore occupied with an a priori analysis of the necessary and sufficient conditions that a belief must fulfill to be acceptable as knowledge. But such an approach makes sense only if human knowledge has some normative features, which conceptual analysis is able to disclose. As it turns out, philosophers have not been able to find such features unless they are very selective in their choice of examples of knowledge. Much of what we intuitively think functions as knowledge, both in human and non-human animals, does not share these normative features.The purpose of this book is to demonstrate that natural selection has adapted human sense impressions to deliver reliable information without meeting the traditional commitments for having knowledge. In connection with memory, sensory and bodily information provides an animal with experiential knowledge. Experiential knowledge helps an animal to navigate its environment. Moreover, experiential knowledge has different functions depending on whether the deliverance of information stems from the organism’s external or internal senses.
The Biology - Chemistry Interface: A Tribute To Koji Nakanishi
by Raymond CooperA tribute to the pioneering scientific work of Professor Koji Nakanishi, whose studies of natural products have effaced some of the conventional boundaries between biology and chemistry. It discusses an array of chromatographic separation methods and determination of structures on a microscale, analyzes bioassay-directed fractionation and other means of isolating biologically active compounds from plants and other sources, covers vital enzymes isolated from marine organisms such as algae, and more.
The Biology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained (DK Big Ideas)
by DKLearn about the most important discoveries and theories of this science in The Biology Book.Part of the fascinating Big Ideas series, this book tackles tricky topics and themes in a simple and easy to follow format. Learn about Biology in this overview guide to the subject, great for novices looking to find out more and experts wishing to refresh their knowledge alike! The Biology Book brings a fresh and vibrant take on the topic through eye-catching graphics and diagrams to immerse yourself in. This captivating book will broaden your understanding of Biology, with:- More than 95 ideas and events key to the development of biology and the life sciences- Packed with facts, charts, timelines and graphs to help explain core concepts- A visual approach to big subjects with striking illustrations and graphics throughout- Easy to follow text makes topics accessible for people at any level of understandingThe Biology Book is a captivating introduction to understanding the living world and explaining how its organisms work and interact – whether microbes, mushrooms, or mammals. Here you&’ll discover key areas of the life sciences, including ecology, zoology, and biotechnology, through exciting text and bold graphics.Your Biology Questions, Simply ExplainedThis book will outline big biological ideas, like the mysteries of DNA and genetic inheritance; and how we learned to develop vaccines that control diseases. If you thought it was difficult to learn about the living world, The Biology Book presents key information in an easy to follow layout. Here you&’ll learn about cloning, neuroscience, human evolution, and gene editing, and be introduced to the scientists who shaped these subjects, such as Carl Linnaeus, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Charles Darwin, and Gregor Mendel.The Big Ideas SeriesWith millions of copies sold worldwide, The Biology Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK. The series uses striking graphics along with engaging writing, making big topics easy to understand.
The Biology Book: From the Origin of Life to Epigenetics, 250 Milestones in the History of Biology (Union Square & Co. Milestones)
by Michael C. Gerald Gloria E. GeraldFrom the emergence of life, to Leewenhoeks microscopic world, to GMO crops, The Biology Book presents 250 landmarks in the most widely studied scientific field. Brief, engaging, and colorfully illustrated synopses introduce readers to every major subdiscipline, including cell theory, genetics, evolution, physiology, thermodynamics, molecular biology, and ecology. With information on such varied topics as paleontology, pheromones, nature vs. nurture, DNA fingerprinting, bioenergetics, and so much more, this lively collection will engage everyone who studies and appreciates the life sciences.
The Biology Of Belief: Unleashing The Power Of Consciousness, Matter And Miracles
by Bruce LiptonIn The Biology Of Believe Bruce Lipton explores celular development and how the environment plays a much more important roll in how life develops than conventional science ever thought. He challenges the belief that genetics control how we and all life develop and thrive ground breaking research. We once believed that the world was round but now marvel that anyone would have thought this. Bruce Lipton along with many micro biologist genetics are the blue print and plans but our environment and beliefs are the catolist that determine the quality of life.
The Biology Of Human Starvation: Volume I
by Josef Brozek Ancel Keys Austin HenschelThe Biology of Human Starvation was first published in 1950. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.With great areas of the world battling the persistent and basic problem of hunger, this work constitutes a major contribution to needed scientific knowledge. The publication is a definitive treatise on the morphology, biochemistry, physcology, psychology, and medical aspects of calorie undernutrition, cachexia, starvation, and rehabilitation in man. Presented critically and systematically are the fact and theory from the world literature, including the evidence from World War II and the finding of the Minnesota Starvation Experiment (1944*1946). Pertinent experiments and field and clinical observations to 1949 are covered. The extensive original research involved was conducted at the University of Minnesota Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, which Dr. Keys heads. The authors, all of the laboratory staff, were assisted in preparation of the work by Ernst Simonson, Samuel Wells and Angie Sturgeon Skinner.
The Biology Of Social Insects: Proceedings Of The Ninth Congress Of The International Union For The Study Of Social Insects
by Howard E. Evans Charles D. Michener Michael D. BreedIn this book internationally known experts provide a comprehensive view of current knowledge of social insect biology including much previously unpublished information. Particular emphasis is given to the relationships between social insects and humans; sections are devoted to economically important social insects, pollination, foraging, and the role of insects in ecosystems and agroecosystems. The authors also discuss communication, behavior and caste within insect colonies. A special section focuses on the neurobiology of social insects. A series of papers considers the presocial insects, which live in family groups but without caste differences. Also well represented are the fields of sociobiology and the origins and evolution of social behavior. The book will be valuable to agricultural scientists as well as to entomologists, sociobiologists, ecologists, ethologists, and natural historians. Endocrinologists and neurobiologists will also find important new material.
The Biology and Fisheries of the Slipper Lobster
by Kari L. Lavalli Ehud SpanierWritten by international experts, The Biology and Fisheries of the Slipper Lobster provides comprehensive coverage of the known biology, ecology, behavior, physiology, evolutionary history, and genetics of the numerous species in the family Scyllaridae. It covers fishing methods and regulations, size and composition of catches, fisheries management
The Biology and Practice of Current Nutritional Support
by Rifat Latifi Stanley J. DudrickThe chapters in this book vary from methods of assessing and monitoring nutritional status to those of the use of intravenous and enternal nutritional support. Practical chapters define laparoscopic placement of feeding tubes as well as the use of a variety of nutritional substrates, which can be administered in different clinical scenarios. The di
The Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells - Set
by Kerry AtkinsonThe Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells comprehensively describes the cellular and molecular biology of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, describing their therapeutic potential in a wide variety of preclinical models of human diseases and their mechanism of action in these preclinical models. Chapters also discuss the current status of the use of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in clinical trials in a wide range of human diseases and disorders, for many of which there are limited, or no other, therapeutic avenues.* Provides coverage on both the biology of mesenchymal stem cells and stromal cells, and their therapeutic applications* Describes the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in a wide variety of preclinical models of human diseases and their mechanism of action in these preclinical models* Discusses the current status of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in clinical trials in a wide range of human diseases and disorders, for many of which there are limited, or no other, therapeutic avenues* Written and edited by leaders in the field The Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells is an invaluable resource for those studying stem cells, cell biology, genetics, gene or cell therapy, or regenerative medicine.About the AuthorKerry Atkinson, MBBS MD DTM&H FRCP FRACP, is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research in Brisbane, Australia, an Adjunct Professor in the Stem Cell Laboratories, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and a Specialist in Internal Medicine at the Salisbury Medical Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
The Biology and Troubleshooting of Facultative Lagoons
by Brittany Lytle Michael H. GerardiProvides personnel a new understanding of how lagoon and fixed film sewage treatment systems work Tested in short-course situations by the author over the last 20 years Directs the material in a practical manner at operators who are responsible for process control and troubleshooting Reduces the jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that overwhelm most operators and laboratory technicians Provides necessary information for understanding biological and chemical conditions at the treatment process
The Biology of Aquatic and Wetland Plants
by Gary N. ErvinAquatic plants play a critically important role in maintaining ecosystem health. They are natural biological filters in freshwater and estuarine wetlands; they contribute to the reproductive success of many organisms, some of which are harvested for food; they assist in flood control; and they are prominent elements in the aesthetics and recreational use of freshwater and estuarine habitats. Despite this globally recognized importance, wetlands have faced and continue to face threats from the encroachment of human activities. The Biology of Aquatic and Wetland Plants is a thorough and up-to-date textbook devoted to these plants and their interactions with the environment. The focus is on botanical diversity from the perspective of evolutionary relationships, emphasizing the role of evolution in shaping adaptations to the aquatic environment. By incorporating recent findings on the phylogeny of green plants, with special emphasis on the angiosperms, the text is broadly useful for courses in plant biology, physiology, and ecology. Additionally, a chapter on population biology and evolutionary ecology complements the evolutionary backdrop of hydrophyte biology by examining the details of speciation and applications of modern genetic approaches to aquatic plant conservation. Key Features • Synthesizes recent and seminal literature on aquatic and wetland plants • Emphasizes evolutionary history as a factor influencing adaptations to the wetland environment • Provides a global perspective on plant diversity and threats facing wetland ecosystems • Highlights research needs in the field of aquatic and wetland plant biology • Includes 280 figures, with more than 300 color photographs, and 41 tables to provide ease of access to important concepts and information
The Biology of Art (Elements in the Philosophy of Biology)
by Richard A. RichardsBiological accounts of art typically start with evolutionary, psychological or neurobiological theories. These approaches might be able to explain many of the similarities we see in art behaviors within and across human populations, but they don't obviously explain the differences we also see. Nor do they give us guidance on how we should engage with art, or the conceptual basis for art. A more comprehensive framework, based also on the ecology of art and how art behaviors get expressed in engineered niches, can help us better understand the full range of art behaviors, their normativity and conceptual basis.
The Biology of Belief 10th Anniversary Edition: Unleashing the Power of Consciousness, Matter, and Miracles
by Bruce H. Lipton PHDUnleashing the power of consciousness, matter and miraclesIt has been ten years since the publication of The Biology of Belief, Bruce Lipton&’s seminal book on the relationship between mind and body that changed the way we think about our lives, our health, and our planet. During that time, research in this field has grown exponentially – Lipton&’s groundbreaking experiments have now been endorsed by more than a decade of rigorous scientific study.In this greatly expanded edition, Lipton, a former medical school professor and research scientist, explores his own experiments and those of other leading-edge scientists that have unraveled in ever greater detail how truly connected the mind, body, and spirit are. It is now widely recognized that genes and DNA do not control our biology. Instead, they are controlled by signals from outside the cell, including energetic messages emanating from our thoughts.This profoundly hopeful synthesis of the latest and best research in cell biology and quantum physics puts the power to create a healthy, joyous life back in our own hands. When we transform our conscious and subconscious thoughts, we transform our lives, and in the process help humanity evolve to a new level of understanding and peace.
The Biology of Cancer
by Robert A. WeinbergThe definitive text on cancer biology, thoroughly updated. <p><p> Incorporating the most important advances in the fast-growing field of cancer biology, the text maintains all of its hallmark features. It is admired by students, instructors, researchers, and clinicians around the world for its clear writing, extensive full-color art program, and numerous pedagogical features.
The Biology of Cancer (Third Edition)
by Robert A. WeinbergThe gold standard text in cancer biology, thoroughly updated with the latest research. Incorporating the most important advances in the rapidly-evolving field of cancer biology, this book remains the defining course text on its subject. Students, instructors, researchers, and clinicians the world over admire its authoritative content, clear explanations, extensive full-color art program, and pedagogical features that promote a deep conceptual understanding of the science through the lens of fascinating tales of scientific discovery. This purchase offers access to the digital ebook only.
The Biology of Chameleons
by Krystal A. Tolley Anthony HerrelThey change color depending on their mood. They possess uniquely adapted hands and feet distinct from other tetrapods. They feature independently movable eyes. This comprehensive volume delves into these fascinating details and thorough research about one of the most charismatic families of reptiles--Chameleonidae. Written for professional herpetologists, scholars, researchers, and students, this book takes readers on a voyage across time to discover everything that is known about chameleon biology: anatomy, physiology, adaptations, ecology, behavior, biogeography, phylogeny, classification, and conservation. A description of the natural history of chameleons is given, along with the fossil record and typical characteristics of each genus. The state of chameleons in the modern world is also depicted, complete with new information on the most serious threats to these remarkable reptiles.
The Biology of Clinical Encounters: Psychoanalysis as a Science of Mind
by John E. GedoIn The Biology of Clinical Encounters, Gedo utilizes recent findings in neuroscience and cognitive psychology to elaborate his conception of psychobiology and to consider its implications in clinical analysis. He pursues this challenging undertaking in several directions. He illuminates the way in which psychobiology enters into his hierarchical model of mental functioning, and goes on to examine three clinical syndromes - phobias, obsessions, and affective disturbances - in which biological considerations are particularly important. Of special note are chapters examining the implications of a biological approach for clinical psychoanalysis. Gedo explores the notion of transference that grows out of attentiveness to psychobiological factors, elaborates the concept of therapeutics that follows from looking beyond mental contents, and discusses the problem of assessing clinical evidence produced by analyses informed by a psychobiological orientation. Drawing on his own analytic work of over three decades, he compares analyses conducted with a psychobiological orientation with the outcome of analyses conducted earlier in his career with a more traditional psychological approach. A stimulating introduction to the interpenetration of the biological and the psychological in clinical work, The Biology of Clinical Encounters is quintessential Gedo: scholarly in conception, elegant in tone, provocative in import, and illuminating, always, of fundamental issues about the status of psychoanalysis as a science of mind.
The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease
by Marc LewisThrough the vivid, true stories of five people who journeyed into and out of addiction, a renowned neuroscientist explains why the "disease model" of addiction is wrong and illuminates the path to recovery. The psychiatric establishment and rehab industry in the Western world have branded addiction a brain disease. But in The Biology of Desire, cognitive neuroscientist and former addict Marc Lewis makes a convincing case that addiction is not a disease, and shows why the disease model has become an obstacle to healing. Lewis reveals addiction as an unintended consequence of the brain doing what it's supposed to do-seek pleasure and relief-in a world that's not cooperating. As a result, most treatment based on the disease model fails. Lewis shows how treatment can be retooled to achieve lasting recovery. This is enlightening and optimistic reading for anyone who has wrestled with addiction either personally or professionally.
The Biology of Disease
by Shantha Perera Paul G. Murray Simon J. DunmoreAll-new edition of a classic textbook bridging the gap between human biology and clinical practice The Biology of Disease provides a comprehensive overview of the principles of the disease process. Building on the success of previous editions, this all-new Third Edition reflects the unprecedented challenges that the global community now faces in the field, as well as advances in the basic sciences of cell biology, immunology, and the molecular mechanisms of disease, with all chapters extensively modified to ensure that they remain at the cutting edge of current knowledge. Each section is followed by case studies which bridge the gap between theory and clinical practice. This Third Edition includes 72 case studies in total, of which 34 are new. All diagrams and figures have been updated to present the most relevant information at a glance, and a new companion website with more than 500 multiple choice questions in two difficulty levels has been made available. Written by three highly qualified academics with significant experience in the field, The Biology of Disease includes information on: Emergence of new and drug resistant pathogens and an increasing recognition of the environmental factors, including climate change, that influence healthThe growing impact of diet and physical inactivity on the development of obesity and related disorders including cancer and type 2 diabetesPrinciples of epidemiology, cell reproduction, injury and death, inflammation and disorders of immunityDisorders of blood and blood vessels including anaemia, vascular disorders, and disorders of haemostasis The Biology of Disease is an essential textbook resource for medical students with a focus in physiology, pathophysiology, or pharmacology, along with undergraduate students in biomedical science, biomedicine, medical biochemistry, and human biology.
The Biology of Echinostomes
by Rafael Toledo Bernard FriedEchinostomes are medically- and veterinary-important parasitic flatworms that invade humans, domestic animals and wildlife and also parasitize in their larval stages numerous invertebrate and cold-blooded vertebrate hosts. The interest in echinostomes in parasitology and general biology comes from several areas: (1) Human infections; (2) Experimental models; (3) Animal infections; (4) Systematics. The application of novel techniques is moving the echinostomes to the frontline of parasitology in fields such as systematics, immunobiology in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and proteomics among others. The Biology of Echinostomes demonstrates the application of new techniques to a group of trematodes that may serve to obtain information of great value in parasitology and general biology. The book includes basic topics, such as biology and systematics, as well as more novel topics, such as immunobiology, proteomics, and genomics of echinostomes. The authors of each chapter emphasize their content with: (i) the most novel information obtained; (ii) analysis of this information in a more general context (i.e. general parasitology); and (iii) future perspectives in view of the information presented. The subjects are analyzed from a modern point of view, considering aspects such as applications of novel techniques and an analysis of host-parasite interactions.
The Biology of Gastric Cancers
by James Fox Timothy Wang Andy GiraudThe purpose of this work is to provide a general and comprehensive reference work on the biology of gastric cancers for those researchers working in this area. This monograph will be written by a panel of experts in each area and represent the latest work in a series of different areas of gastric cancer research.