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The Common Scientist of the Seventeenth Century: A Study of the Dublin Philosophical Society, 1683-1708 (Routledge Library Editions: History & Philosophy of Science)
by K Theodore HoppenLearned societies, such as the Royal Society of London and the Dublin Philosophical Society were a central feature of the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. This volume shows that a study of the work and membership of these groups is essential before any realistic assessment can be made of the scientific world at this time. Based on a wide range of manuscript and other sources, this book illuminates, by means of an examination of a particular group of natural philosophers, on problems of general interest to all those concerned with the wider aspects of science in this period.
The Community Forests of Mexico: Managing for Sustainable Landscapes
by David Barton Bray Merino-Pérez Leticia Deborah BarryThe contributors to this book are established researchers in the field, as well as many of the important actors in Mexico's nongovernmental organization sector. Some articles are case studies of community forest management programs in the states of Michoacán, Oaxaca, Durango, Quintana Roo, and Guerrero. Others provide broader historical and contemporary overviews of various aspects of community forest management. As a whole, this volume clearly establishes that the community forest sector in Mexico is large, diverse, and has achieved unusual maturity in doing what communities in the rest of the world are only beginning to explore: how to balance community income with forest conservation. In this process, Mexican communities are also managing for sustainable landscapes and livelihoods.
The Comparative Approach in Evolutionary Anthropology and Biology
by Nunn Charles L.Comparison is fundamental to evolutionary anthropology. When scientists study chimpanzee cognition, for example, they compare chimp performance on cognitive tasks to the performance of human children on the same tasks. And when new fossils are found, such as those of the tiny humans of Flores, scientists compare these remains to other fossils and contemporary humans. Comparison provides a way to draw general inferences about the evolution of traits and therefore has long been the cornerstone of efforts to understand biological and cultural diversity. Individual studies of fossilized remains, living species, or human populations are the essential units of analysis in a comparative study; bringing these elements into a broader comparative framework allows the puzzle pieces to fall into place, creating a means of testing adaptive hypotheses and generating new ones. With this book, Charles L. Nunn intends to ensure that evolutionary anthropologists and organismal biologists have the tools to realize the potential of comparative research. Nunn provides a wide-ranging investigation of the comparative foundations of evolutionary anthropology in past and present research, including studies of animal behavior, biodiversity, linguistic evolution, allometry, and cross-cultural variation. He also points the way to the future, exploring the new phylogeny-based comparative approaches and offering a how-to manual for scientists who wish to incorporate these new methods into their research.
The Comparative Approach in Evolutionary Anthropology and Biology
by Charles L. NunnComparison is fundamental to evolutionary anthropology. When scientists study chimpanzee cognition, for example, they compare chimp performance on cognitive tasks to the performance of human children on the same tasks. And when new fossils are found, such as those of the tiny humans of Flores, scientists compare these remains to other fossils and contemporary humans. Comparison provides a way to draw general inferences about the evolution of traits and therefore has long been the cornerstone of efforts to understand biological and cultural diversity. Individual studies of fossilized remains, living species, or human populations are the essential units of analysis in a comparative study; bringing these elements into a broader comparative framework allows the puzzle pieces to fall into place, creating a means of testing adaptive hypotheses and generating new ones. With this book, Charles L. Nunn intends to ensure that evolutionary anthropologists and organismal biologists have the tools to realize the potential of comparative research. Nunn provides a wide-ranging investigation of the comparative foundations of evolutionary anthropology in past and present research, including studies of animal behavior, biodiversity, linguistic evolution, allometry, and cross-cultural variation. He also points the way to the future, exploring the new phylogeny-based comparative approaches and offering a how-to manual for scientists who wish to incorporate these new methods into their research.
The Comparative Economics of Plantation Forestry: A Global Assessment (Routledge Revivals)
by Roger A. SedjoPlantation forestry is the planting, managing, and harvesting of trees for the production of industrial wood. Originally published in 1983, the principal focus and contribution of the study lies in Roger Sedjo’s examination of the economic returns in twelve forest regions throughout the world. The results of the analysis strongly demonstrate the feasibility of major expansion of plantation forestry in a number of areas around the world and suggest the likelihood of major shifts in the principal supply areas. The results also have potentially important implications for countering the threats of deforestation. This title will be of interest for students of Environmental Studies.
The Comparative Embryology of Sponges
by Alexander V. EreskovskyOne of the major questions in the evolution of animals is the transition from unicellular to multicellular organization, which resulted in the emergence of Metazoa through a hypothetical Urmetazoa. The Comparative Embryology of Sponges contains abundant original and literary data on comparative embryology and morphology of the Porifera (Sponges), a group of 'lower Metazoa'. On the basis of this material, original typization of the development of Sponges is given and the problems concerning origin and evolution of Porifera and their ontogenesis are discussed. A morphogenetic interpretation of the body plan development during embryogenesis, metamorphosis and asexual reproduction in Sponges is proposed. Special attention is given to the analysis of characteristic features of the ontogenesis in Porifera. The book pursues three primary goals: 1) generalization of all existing information on individual development of sponges, its classification and a statement according to taxonomical structure of Porifera; 2) revealing of heterogeneity of morphogenesis and peculiarities of ontogeneses in various clades of Porifera, and also their correlations with the organization, both adult sponges, and their larvae; 3) revealing homology of morphogeneses in both Porifera and Eumetazoa, testifying to the general evolutionary roots of multicellular animals, and peculiar features of sponges' morphogeneses and ontogenesis. This book will be of interest to embryologists, zoologists, morphologists and researchers in evolutionary biology.
The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies
by Charles C. RaginProfessor Ragin proposes a synthetic new strategy, based on an application of Boolean algebra, that will combine the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative sociology. Elegantly accessible and germane to the work of all the social sciences, this book will garner interest, debate, and praise from many quarters.
The Compass of Pleasure
by David J. LindenFrom the New York Times bestselling author comes a "hugely entertaining" (NPR. org) look at vice and virtue through cutting-edge science As he did in his award-winning book The Accidental Mind, David J. Linden—highly regarded neuroscientist, professor, and writer—weaves empirical science with entertaining anecdotes to explain how the gamut of behaviors that give us a buzz actually operates. The Compass of Pleasure makes clear why drugs like nicotine and heroin are addictive while LSD is not, how fast food restaurants ensure that diners will eat more, why some people cannot resist the appeal of a new sexual encounter, and much more. Provocative and illuminating, this is a radically new and thorough look at the desires that define us. .
The Compass of Pleasure
by David J. LindenA leading brain scientist's look at the neurobiology of pleasure-and how pleasures can become addictions. Whether eating, taking drugs, engaging in sex, or doing good deeds, the pursuit of pleasure is a central drive of the human animal. In The Compass of Pleasure Johns Hopkins neuroscientist David J. Linden explains how pleasure affects us at the most fundamental level: in our brain. As he did in his award-winning book, The Accidental Mind, Linden combines cutting-edge science with entertaining anecdotes to illuminate the source of the behaviors that can lead us to ecstasy but that can easily become compulsive. Why are drugs like nicotine and heroin addictive while LSD is not? Why has the search for safe appetite suppressants been such a disappointment? The Compass of Pleasure concludes with a provocative consideration of pleasure in the future, when it may be possible to activate our pleasure circuits at will and in entirely novel patterns.
The Compassionate Brain: A Revolutionary Guide to Developing Your Intelligence to Its Full Potential
by Gerald HütherHere is the ultimate explanation of the brain for everyone who thinks: a guide to how the brain works, how our brains came to operate the way they do, and, most important, how to use your precious gray matter to its full capacity. The brain, according to current research, is not some kind of automatic machine that works independently of its user. In fact, the circuitry of the brain actually changes according to how one uses it. Our brains are continuously developing new capacities and refinements--or losing them, depending upon how we use them. Gerald Hüther takes us on a fascinating tour of the brain's development--from one-celled organisms to worms, moles, apes, and on to us humans--showing how we truly are what we think: our behavior directly affects our brain capacity. And the behavior that promotes the fullest development of the brain is behavior that balances emotion and intellect, dependence and autonomy, openness and focus, and ultimately expresses itself in such virtues as truthfulness, considerateness, sincerity, humility, and love. Hüther's user's-manual approach is humorous and engaging, with a minimum of technical language, yet the book's message is profound: the fundamental nature of our brains and nervous systems naturally leads to our continued growth in intelligence and humanity.
The Compassionate Mind: A New Approach To Life's Challenges (Compassion Focused Therapy Ser.)
by Paul GilbertThroughout history people have sought to cope with a life that is often stressful and hard. We have actually known for some time that developing compassion for oneself and others can help us face up to and win through the hardship and find a sense of inner peace. However in modern societies we rarely focus on this key process that underpins successful coping and happiness and can be quick to dismiss the impact of modern living on our minds and well-being. Instead we concentrate on 'doing, achieving' and having'. Now, bestselling author and leading authority on depression, Professor Paul Gilbert explains how new research shows how we can all learn to develop compassion for ourselves and others and derive the benefits of this age-old wisdom. In this ground-breaking new book he explores how our minds have developed to be highly sensitive and quick to react to perceived threats and how this fast-acting threat-response system can be a source of anxiety, depression and aggression. He describes how studies have also shown that developing kindness and compassion for self and others can hep in calming down the threat system: as a mother's care and love can soothe a baby's distress, so we can learn how to soothe ourselves. Not only does compassion help to soothe distressing emotions, it actually increases feelings of contentment and well-being. Here, Professor Gilbert outlines the latest findings about the value of compassion and how it works, and takes readers through basic mind training exercises to enhance the capacity for, and use of, compassion.
The Competitiveness Report of Zhongguancun Listed Companies (2019)
by Zhongguancun Listed Companies AssociationThis book is based on the comprehensive grasp and analysis of the financial data of ZLCs and In-depth observations by ZLCA for many years. This book will objectively present the capital market distribution, overall scale, profitability, innovation ability and social contribution of ZLCs from multiple dimensions, and carry out thematic analysis and research on the high proportion of accounts receivable to current assets in ZLCs in recent years, aiming at objectively presenting their competitive strength and development status. Whether you are an investor, an economic researcher or the general public interested in Z-Park, this book will be an important way for you to understand the latest development of Z-Park and the high-quality listed companies in Z-Park.
The Complete Book of Holograms: How They Work and How to Make Them
by Joseph E. Kasper Steven A. Feller"I predict that Kasper and Feller will become a standard reference on holography for students and interested laymen." -- James A. Van Allen.For most nonscientists, holograms are an intriguing -- if not mesmerizing -- mystery. How are these seemingly magical images created and what makes them appear to be three-dimensional? This fascinating book not only offers the answers to these and other questions about holography -- it even gives step-by-step instructions so that readers can manufacture their own holograms.Written in a lively, stimulating style, The Complete Book of Holograms provides a thorough, easy-to-understand explanation of the theory and science of making holograms. The physical basis of holography is introduced through a discussion of interference patterns in water waves and in light waves. Without complicated mathematics or physics, the authors explain the two models of holography -- the geometric and the more complex zone-plate model -- and the several different types of holograms, including transmission, reflection, phase, projection, rainbow, multiplex, and others. They explain how to copy holograms; describe special techniques and applications; and discuss potential uses for holography, including the use of holograms in movies, television, and data storage. They also present some basic setups for making holograms and show readers how to create their own -- using little more than simple photographic equipment and an inexpensive laser. Two appendixes give advice on laser safety and list sources of material and further information.
The Complete Dinosaur: The Most Complete, Up-to-date Encyclopedia For Dinosaur Lovers Of All Ages (Life of the Past)
by M. K. Brett-Surman, Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. James O. Farlow Bob Walters, Art ConsultantA new edition of the illustrated compendium that is &“a gift to serious dinosaur enthusiasts&” (Science). What do we know about dinosaurs, and how do we know it? How did they grow, move, eat, and reproduce? Were they warm-blooded or cold-blooded? How intelligent were they? How are the various groups of dinosaurs related to each other, and to other kinds of living and extinct vertebrates? What can the study of dinosaurs tell us about the process of evolution? And why did typical dinosaurs become extinct? These questions and more are addressed in this new, expanded edition of The Complete Dinosaur. Written by leading experts on the &“fearfully great&” reptiles, the book covers what we have learned about dinosaurs, from the earliest discoveries to the most recent controversies. Where scientific contention exists, the editors have let the experts agree to disagree. The Complete Dinosaur is a feast for serious dinosaur lovers, from the enthusiastic amateur to the professional paleontologist. Praise for the first edition: &“An excellent encyclopedia that serves as a nice bridge between popular and scholarly dinosaur literature.&” —Library Journal (starred review) &“Stimulating armchair company for cold winter evenings. . . . Best of all, the book treats dinosaurs as intellectual fun.&” —New Scientist &“Useful both as a reference and as a browse-and-enjoy compendium.&” —Natural History &“Copiously illustrated and scrupulously up-to-date.&” —Publishers Weekly &“The amount of information in [these] pages is amazing. This book should be on the shelves of dinosaur freaks as well as those who need to know more about the paleobiology of extinct animals. It will be an invaluable library reference.&” —American Reference Books Annual
The Complete Guide to Absolutely Everything (Abridged) (Abridged) (Abridged) (Abridged): Adventures in Math and Science: Adventures In Math And Science
by Adam Rutherford Hannah FryThe complete story of the universe and absolutely everything in it (minus the boring parts). Despite our clever linguistic abilities, humans are spectacularly ill-equipped to comprehend what’s happening in the universe. Our senses and intuition routinely mislead us. The Complete Guide to Absolutely Everything (Abridged) tells the story of how we came to suppress our monkey minds and perceive the true nature of reality. Written with wit and humor, this brief book tells the story of science—tales of fumbles and missteps, errors and egos, hard work, accidents, and some really bad decisions—all of which have created the sum total of human knowledge. Geneticist Adam Rutherford and mathematician Hannah Fry guide readers through time and space, through our bodies and brains, showing how emotions shape our view of reality, how our minds tell us lies, and why a mostly bald and curious ape decided to begin poking at the fabric of the universe. Rutherford and Fry shine as science sleuths, wrestling with some truly head-scratching questions: Where did time come from? Do we have free will? Does my dog love me? Hilarious sidebars present memorable scientific oddities: for example, hypnotized snails, human-sized ants, and the average time it takes most animals to evacuate their bladders. (A surprisingly consistent twenty-one seconds, if you must know.) Both rigorous and playful, The Complete Guide to Absolutely Everything (Abridged) is a celebration of the weirdness of the cosmos, the strangeness of humans, and the joys and follies of scientific discovery.
The Complete Guide to Memory: The Science of Strengthening Your Mind
by Richard RestakA comprehensive guide to understanding how memory works, how memory forms, the mind-body connection, and more! In the busy, information-filled world in which we live, it&’s often easy to forget things and hard to keep track of how details get stored in our brain. The Complete Guide to Memory serves to provide a one-stop resource that covers the essentials on memory. World-renowned memory expert, Dr. Richard Restak, addresses the following topics in detail: How memories formThe different kinds of memoryChanges in brain structureThe mind-body connectionThe relationship between memory and emotional regulationAnd much more! With tips and tricks to manage memory well for people of all ages and personal examples of the techniques used, this book leaves no stone unturned.
The Complete Guide to Michigan Fossils
by Joseph J. KchodlJoseph Kchodl--aka Paleo Joe--has been hunting fossils in Michigan and throughout the country with the world's leading paleontologists. Now he shares his knowledge of Michigan fossils in this helpful new book.
The Complete Guide to OSHA Compliance
by Joel M. Cohen Robert D. PetersonThe Complete Guide to OSHA Compliance is an easy-to-understand, one-stop resource designed to help safety professionals, industrial hygienists, and human resources personnel ensure compliance with existing and upcoming OSHA regulations. This essential book explains employer and employee rights and responsibilities, and it provides everything you need to know about employer standards and standards for specific operations. The Complete Guide to OSHA Compliance describes the process of injury/illness recordkeeping and the reporting system required by OSHA. It also explains how to conduct a self-audit to determine whether a company is in full compliance. Furthermore, it informs companies of their rights in an inspection and explains how to handle citations and appeals, should they arise.
The Complete Guide to Physical Security
by Daniel J. Benny Paul R. BakerTo adequately protect an organization, physical security must go beyond the "gates, guns, and guards" mentality that characterizes most security programs. Creating a sound security plan involves understanding not only security requirements but also the dynamics of the marketplace, employee issues, and management goals. The Complete Guide to Physica
The Complete Guide to the ABC's Molecular Biology Certification Exam
by Tiffany RoyIn 2009, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) authored the report Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. In it, the Committee expressed the need for accreditation and certification. Accreditation, long recognized by public labs as an important benchmark in quality, was recognized as an important way to standardize laboratories that provide forensic services. Certification can play an important role as a method of oversight in the forensic sciences—something also recommended by the - National Commission on Forensic Science in October 2014. The Complete Guide to the ABC's Molecular Biology is a professional certification examination preparation text for forensic scientists taking the American Board of Criminalistics Examination in Molecular Biology. The book serves as a resource for forensic scientists—who are facing more and more pressure to become certified—to support them in their pursuit of forensic certification. In the years since the NAS report was published, there has been increased discussion of forensic certification requirements. ABC’s Molecular Biology exam is a quality certification, and learning the concepts for it will invariably help any professional working in the field. The book prepares readers in all relevant topic areas, including: accreditation, safety, biological screen principles, anatomy and cell biology, crime scene and evidence handling, concepts in genetics, biochemistry, statistics, DNA evidence, and DNA testing. The book will be particularly helpful for forensic science laboratory technicians, police and investigations professionals, forensic serology and DNA analysts, attorneys, and forensic science students. This study guide follows the guidelines for the exam and presents all the information necessary to prepare individuals to pass the exam.
The Complete Guide to the Herschel Objects
by Mark BrattonSir William Herschel's contributions to astronomy during the late eighteenth century are unrivalled. His lasting legacy is his dedicated all-sky survey of star clusters and nebulae, and these objects continue to be among the most studied in the night sky. This unique book provides a complete re-examination of Herschel's entire catalogue of non-stellar discoveries, making it the most accurate and up-to-date reference of its kind. Retrace the footsteps of one of history's greatest astronomers and explore every one of Herschel's landmark discoveries, including those considered to be lost or non-existent. Read detailed notes about each object's appearance and physical characteristics, and view hundreds of photos of the most intriguing Herschel objects, along with dozens of sketches of what is visible at the eyepiece. This superb book is a must-have for amateur astronomers seeking new and exciting observing challenges, and as the ultimate reference on the Herschel objects.
The Complete Human Body (DK Human Body Guides)
by Dr. Alice RobertsWe inhabit it, we are it, and we are surrounded by 6.8 billion examples of it on the planet – the human body. Some parts of it are still mysteries to science and much is a mystery to the average person on the street. But we've come a long way from the sketches and diagrams drawn by the first anatomists in Ancient Greece. Making full use of new medical procedures and imaging techniques, The Complete Human Body is the definitive guide to the development, form, function, and disorders of the human body, illustrated with unprecedented clarity by new computer-generated artworks and the latest medical and microscopic imaging. Exploring the body's form and function in greater depth than any other popular reference, from muscle structure and activity to motor pathways within the brain, The Complete Human Body will have great appeal to students and a broad range of healthcare professionals, as well as families. Includes an interactive DVD and website!
The Complete Human Body, 2nd Edition: The Definitive Visual Guide (DK Human Body Guides)
by Dr. Alice RobertsIntricate details of all aspects of the human body down to the smallest detail – from our cells and DNA to the largest bone in our bodies, the femur.3D generated illustrations and medical imaging provide a close look at the body&’s forms and functions in physiology and anatomy, showing how the body works and its amazing systems and abilities.To understand our modern human bodies, this book first looks at our ancestors and how the evolution of Homo Sapiens shaped our anatomy. This gave us the ability to walk tall, create language, and make tools with our incredibly adapted opposable thumbs. Learn how we can see evolution in our DNA, and the functions of DNA. Read about the things you can only see with microscopes and other special imaging machines, like cell structure, motor pathways in the brain, and the inner iris.All these many parts work together to make the human body. The physiology of our body is written in clarifying detail. Learn about the organs and systems that operate within, like the cardiovascular, digestive, and neural systems. See our elegant anatomy and read how the skeleton, muscles, and ligaments operate to allow movement. This second edition has included more detail on the joints in the hands and feet. The Complete Human Body takes you from infancy to old age showing how our body grows and changes, and what can go wrong.2nd Edition: Enhanced and UpdatedThis visual guide uses remarkable illustrations and diagrams to peek inside our complex and astounding bodies. It has been written in an easy-to-follow format, with straightforward explanations to give you the best overview of the many things that make us human. Suitable for young students who want an extra resource for school, people working in medical fields, or for anyone with a keen interest in human biology.Inside the body of the book: • The Integrated Body • Anatomy • How the Body Works • Life Cycles • Diseases and Disorders
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Anatomy, Illustrated: Get the Inside Story on the Human Body!
by Mark F. SeifertThe knee bone&’s connected to the leg bone . . . Like its counterparts in calculus, chemistry, and physics, The Complete Idiot&’s Guide® to Anatomy, Illustrated, is aimed at students who need an understandable supplement to their more rigorous textbook. However, unlike students of other introductory courses, anatomy students must achieve more than a passing grade, and their retention of what they learn can be a life-and-death matter. With that in mind, this book provides focused, thorough, highly illustrated coverage of the body&’s tissues, systems, and regions, and its common diseases and disorders. • More than 150 large and detailed illustrations, complete with callouts and labels • Includes illustrated breakdowns of the nine body systems, anatomy by region, and common diseases and disorders
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Astronomy, 2e
by Christopher De PreeAstronomy is a science as old as the stars! With The Complete Idiot&’s Guide® to Astronomy, Second Edition, learn: • Fascinating facts while taking a tour of our solar system, our galaxy, and beyond • Idiot-proof steps for buying and using today&’s cutting-edge telescopes • Tips and tricks to guide you when exploring the skies