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Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection
by James E. Turner Darryl J. Downing James S. Bogard Robert L. Coleman Keith F. EckermanAtoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection Discover the keys to radiation protection in the fourth edition of this best-selling textbook A variety of atomic and sub-atomic processes, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay or electron ejection from inner atom shells, can produce ionizing radiation. This radiation can in turn produce environmental and biological effects both harmful – including DNA damage and other impacts of so-called ‘radiation sickness’ – and helpful, including radiation treatment for cancerous tumors. Understanding the processes that generate radiation and the steps which can be taken to mitigate or direct its effects is therefore critical in a wide range of industries and medical subfields. For decades, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection has served as the classic reference work on the subject of ionizing radiation and its safeguards. Beginning with a presentation of fundamental atomic structure and the physical mechanisms which produce radiation, the book also includes thorough discussion of how radiation can be detected and measured, as well as guide-lines for interpreting radiation statistics and detailed analysis of protective measures, both individual and environmental. Now updated by a new generation of leading scholars and researchers, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will continue to serve global scientific and industrial research communities. Readers of the fourth edition of Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will also find: Detailed updates of existing material, including the latest recommendations of the ICRP and NCRP Treatment of current physiokinetic and dosimetric models All statistics now presented in SI units, making the book more globally accessible Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection is a foundational guide for graduate students and researchers in health physics and nuclear physics, as well as related industries.
Atopias: Manifesto for a Radical Existentialism (Lit Z)
by Frédéric NeyratThis book offers a manifesto for a radical existentialism aiming to regenerate the place of the outside that contemporary theory underestimates. Neyrat calls this outside “atopia”: not utopia, a dreamt place out of the world where everything would be perfect, but atopia, the internal outside that is at the core of every being. Atopia is neither an object that an “object-oriented ontology” would be able to formalize, nor the matter that “new materialisms” could identify. Atopia is what constitutes the existence of any object or subject, its singularity or more precisely its “eccentricity.” Etymologically, to exist means “to be outside” and the book argues that every entity is outside, thrown in the world, wandering without any ontological anchor. In this regard, a radicalized existentialism does not privilege human beings (as Sartre and Heidegger did), but considers existence as a universal condition that concerns every being.It is important to offer a radical existentialism because the current denial of the outside is politically, and aesthetically, damaging. Only an atopian philosophy—a bizarre, extravagant, heretic philosophy—can care for our fear of the outside. For therapeutic element, a radical existentialism favors everything that challenges the compact immanence in which we are trapped, losing capacity to imagine political alternatives. To sustain these alternatives, the book identifies the atopia as a condition of the possibility to break immanence and analyze these breaks in human and animal subjectivity, language, politics and metaphysics.
Atropisomerism in Asymmetric Organic Synthesis: Challenges and Applications
by Shinobu Takizawa Mohamed S. H. SalemUnique overview of the recent synthetic methodologies of the atropisomeric molecules and their numerous practical applications Atropisomerism in Asymmetric Organic Synthesis: Challenges and Applications presents new methodologies, strategies, unique catalysts, and solutions to challenges in the area of oxidative heterocoupling. After a general introduction for the concept of atropisomerism, this book focuses on the recent advances in the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral compounds and how these advances had a significant impact on several applications in asymmetric catalysis and the synthesis of natural products. The book covers the recent examples of metal-catalyzed (Cu, Fe, Ru, V, etc) and organocatalyzed atroposelective syntheses of axially chiral compounds using diverse approaches, including cross-coupling reactions, ring-opening reactions, formation of new aromatic rings, and desymmetrization via functional group transformation. The impact of these efficient strategies on various applications in asymmetric catalysis, total synthesis of natural products, synthesis of polycyclic heteroaromatics (PHAs), and the drug industry is also addressed. Edited by two highly qualified academics, Atropisomerism in Asymmetric Organic Synthesis explores sample topics including: Iron- and ruthenium-catalyzed atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral compounds and the catalytic applications of multinuclear zinc complexes with axially chirality Vanadium-catalyzed atroposelective coupling of arenols and application in the synthesis of polycyclic heteroaromatics PHAs Mechanisms of atroposelective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling towards axially chiral biaryls and organocatalytic enantioselective formation of atropisomers Synthesis of atropisomers via enantioselective ring-opening reactions and the impact of axially chiral ligands and catalysts derived from atropisomeric binaphthyl structures Binaphthyl-based chiral DMAP derivatives in enantioselective transformations and catalytic atroposelective oxidative coupling in natural product synthesis Enabling readers to comprehensively understand the development history, research status, and potential of atropisomeric synthesis, Atropisomerism in Asymmetric Organic Synthesis is an essential, up-to-date reference for researchers and scientists in the field.
Attachment Of Organisms To The Gut Mucosa: Volume I
by Edgar C. BoedekerThe present volumes are based on the presentations made during the October 1981 research work shopThe attachment of micro-organisms to the intestinal mucosa which was held in Reston, Virginia. The workshop was supported by the American Gastroenterological Association, along with the National Institutes of Health.
Attachment Of Organisms To The Gut Mucosa: Volume II
by Edgar C. BoedekerThe present volumes are based on the presentations made during the October 1981 research work shopThe attachment of micro-organisms to the intestinal mucosa which was held in Reston, Virginia. The workshop was supported by the American Gastroenterological Association, along with the National Institutes of Health.
Attachment Structures and Adhesive Secretions in Arachnids (Biologically-Inspired Systems #7)
by Jonas O. Wolff Stanislav N. GorbThis book surveys attachment structures and adhesive secretions occurring in this class of animals and discusses the relationships between structure, properties, and function in the context of evolutionary trends, and biomimetic potential. Topics comprise mechanical attachment devices, such as clamps, claws, hooks, spines and wraps, as well as hairy and smooth adhesive pads, nano-fibrils, suction cups, and viscid and solidifying adhesives. Attachment is one of the major types of interactions between an organism and its environment. There are numerous studies that deal with this phenomenon in lizards, frogs, insects, barnacles, mussels and echinoderms, but the second largest class of animals, the Arachnida, was highly neglected so far. The authors demonstrated that most arachnid adhesive structures are highly analogous to those of insects and vertebrates, but there are also numerous unique developments with some intriguing working principles. Because arachnid attachment organs have a very strong potential of technological ideas for the development of new materials and systems, inspirations from biology could also be interesting for a broad range of topics in materials and surface engineering.
Attachment and Adult Clinical Practice: An Integrated Perspective on Developmental Theory, Neurobiology, and Emotional Regulation
by Toni MandelbaumThis comprehensive volume addresses attachment theory’s history as well as its integration with neurobiology, psychophysiology, theories of emotion, regulation theory, and mentalization theory. It explores how clinicians can connect with their clients so that they feel completely seen and heard. Attachment theory speaks to one’s biological drive to connect, to relate, and to feel heard. The author aims to achieve this by condensing the enormous and diverse literature of the field into a singular, manageable work that clinicians can use to foster these connections. The book traces the history of attachment theory and describes how neurobiological research has influenced the expansion of attachment theory, and how emotions and psychophysiology have become critical to our understanding of human attachment connections. It concludes with a detailed examination of how to apply these theories in clinical practice. This practical book addresses attachment theory’s take on integrating the mind, body, and emotion when striving toward well-being. It will be of great importance for psychotherapy students, beginning therapists, and experienced clinicians with an interest in attachment theory.
Attack of the Deadly Diapers (Michael Dahl Presents: Side-Splitting Stories)
by Megan AtwoodIn the midst of a boring summer, soon-to-be fifth grader Angie DelMar discovers something amazing about the eccentric woman who's just moved into town. She is actually a mad scientist who plans to take over the world by enlarging and controlling insects! With the help of her friends Cooper, Genevieve, and Harvey, Angie nabs the mixture and flees. But before they reach safety, the friends encounter a day care center where the mixture is accidentally released. Soon the town is overcome by gigantic toddlers! Can the friends save the town, defeat the scientist, and restore the bawling, blubbering behemoths to their cute and cuddly size?
Attack of the Turtle
by Drew CarlsonIt's 1776, and the Revolutionary War is raging. Fourteen-year-old Nathan Wade is a patriot, but he's too young to join the fight. Then his cousin David Bushnell comes to town with a secret. David has designed a water machine that can explode bombs underwater. And his mission is to launch it against the British warships in New York harbor. Nate reluctantly agrees to help David build the weapon of war 2; dubbed the "American Turtle," Although he's terrified of water and worried about getting caught, when unlikely circumstances put Nate at the center of the action, he must face the murky waters of his fears head-on. Based on actual historical events, this adventure story captures the drama of the first submarine used in naval warfare and the struggles of a teenager overcoming self-doubt.
Attainable Region Theory: An Introduction to Choosing an Optimal Reactor
by David Glasser Diane Hildebrandt Benjamin Glasser David Ming Matthew MetgzerLearn how to effectively interpret, select and optimize reactors for complex reactive systems, using Attainable Region theory Teaches how to effectively interpret, select and optimize reactors for complex reactive systems, using Attainable Region (AR) theory Written by co-founders and experienced practitioners of the theory Covers both the fundamentals of AR theory for readers new to the field, as we all as advanced AR topics for more advanced practitioners for understanding and improving realistic reactor systems Includes over 200 illustrations and 70 worked examples explaining how AR theory can be applied to complex reactor networks, making it ideal for instructors and self-study Interactive software tools and examples written for the book help to demonstrate the concepts and encourage exploration of the ideas
Attention Seeking
by Adam PhillipsAttention Seeking is a short, fascinating introduction to the concept of attention from Britain’s leading psychoanalyst, author of Missing Out and On Kindness.Everything depends on what, if anything, we find interesting: on what we are encouraged and educated to find interesting, and what we find ourselves being interested in despite ourselves. There is our official curiosity and our unofficial curiosity (and psychoanalysis is a story about the relationship between the two).Based on three connected lectures by Adam Phillips, this compact book is a lucid and memorable introduction to the concept of our attention, spanning from interest to obsession, private desire to corporate commodity. What is attention, and why do we seek it? How does our culture moralize attention as a force in need of control? Phillips is one of our brightest and most unusual thinkers, uniquely capable of bringing our deepest impulses and instincts to light.
Attention and Brain Function (Psychology Library Editions: Neuropsychology #8)
by Risto NäätänenOriginally published in 1992, this book presents original psychophysiological research based on computerized techniques of recording and evaluating event-related brain potentials. The application of multichannel magnetoencephalography greatly contributes to exact localization of corresponding neuronal generators responsible for attention. The book contains a bulk of information concerning data obtained by cognitive psychology in the area of study of attention. These results are closely linked with neurophysiological investigation of attention.
Attention and Orienting: Sensory and Motivational Processes
by Peter J. Lang Robert F. Simons Marie T. BalabanOrienting is the gateway to attention, the first step in processing stimulus information. This volume examines these initial stages of information intake, focusing on the sensory and motivational mechanisms that determine such phenomena as stimulus selection and inhibition, habituation, pre-attentive processing, and expectancy. Psychophysiological methods are emphasized throughout. The contributors consider analyses based on cardiovascular and electrodermal changes, reflex reactions, and neural events in the cortex and subcortex. Stimulated by a conference lauding Frances Graham -- held before and during a recent meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, the book presents current theory and research by an international cadre of outstanding investigators. A major researcher and theorist in the field of attention for more than three decades, Dr. Graham contributes an Afterword to the present volume which is both a consideration of the work which has gone before, and a new, original theory paper on preattentive processing and attention.
Attention and Performance Xiii: Motor Representation and Control (Attention and Performance Series)
by M. JeannerodCompiled as a result of the Thirteenth Symposium of the Association for Attention and Performance, this collection focuses on the Symposium's theme: Organization of Action. The book is arranged in sections which provide a comprehensive view of the main issues raised during the meeting. Several aspects of the theme were considered, including: the anatomical and physiological constraints on motor preparation and execution . the influence of control (proprioceptive, cutaneous, visual, oculomotor) signals the contribution of kinematics to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the role of cognitive constraints such as attention or learning in goal selection This new volume is of particular interest to professionals and researchers in cognitive psychology, physiology, and neuropsychology as well as those studying motor skills.
Attention in Action: Advances from Cognitive Neuroscience (Advances in Behavioural Brain Science)
by Glyn W. Humphreys M. Jane RiddochOver the past forty years much work has assessed how attention modulates perception, but relatively little work has evaluated the role of attention in action. This is despite the fact that recent research indicates that the relation between attention and action is a crucial factor in human performance. Attention in Action provides state-of-the-art discussion of the role of attention in action and of action in constraining attention. The research takes an interdisciplinary approach covering experimental studies of attention and action, neuropsychological studies of patients with impaired action and attention, single cell studies of cross-modal links in attention and action, and brain imaging studies on the underlying neural circuitry. Contributions from prominent international researchers both review the field and present new evidence, making this book an invaluable resource for researchers and therapists alike.
Attention, Perception and Action: Selected Works of Glyn Humphreys (World Library of Psychologists)
by Glyn W. HumphreysIn the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical contributions. Glyn Humphreys is an internationally renowned cognitive neuropsychologist with research interests covering object recognition and its disorders, visual word recognition, object and spatial attention, the effects of action on cognition, and social cognition. Within the field of Psychology he has won a number of prestigious awards, including the Spearman Medal, the President’s Award of the British Psychological Society, and the Donald Broadbent Prize from the European Society for Cognitive Psychology. This collection reflects the different directions in his work and approaches which have been adopted. It will enable the reader to trace key developments in cognitive neuropsychology in a period of rapid change over the last thirty years. A newly written introduction contextualises the selection in relation to changes in the field during this time. Attention, Perception and Action will be invaluable reading for students and researchers in visual cognition, cognitive neuropsychology and vision neuroscience.
Attention, Perception and Memory: An Integrated Introduction
by Elizabeth StylesAlthough attention, perception and memory are identifiable components of the human cognitive system, this book argues that for a complete understanding of any of them it is necessary to appreciate the way they interact and depend on one another. Using close examination of experiments, studies of patients and evidence from cognitive neuroscience, each of these important areas in cognitive psychology is explored in detail and related to its counterparts. Written by an established author, Attention, Perception and Memory: An Integrated Introduction explains clearly the evolution and meaning of key terminology and assumptions and puts the different approaches to this field in context.
Attention: A Neuropsychological Approach
by Antony WardAttention: A Neuropsychological Approach provides a fascinating overview of the neuropsychological aspects of attention, revealing how we select our information, divide our attention and control our focus of interest. Through fully integrating cognitive neuropsychological perspectives on attention, Anthony Ward demonstrates how each approach can illuminate the other. Examples are provided to show how the application of theories of attention can help to further our understanding of conditions such as dementia, schizophrenia, head injury and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This clear introduction will be of great interest to undergraduates studying neuropsychology, clinical psychology, occupational therapy and mental health nursing.
Attosecond Nanophysics: From Basic Science to Applications
by Peter Hommelhoff Matthias F. KlingThe first broad and in-depth overview of current research in attosecond nanophysics, covering the field of active plasmonics via attosecond science in metals and dielectrics to novel imaging techniques with the highest spatial and temporal resolution. The authors are pioneers in the field and present here new developments and potential novel applications for ultra-fast data communication and processing, discussing the investigation of the natural timescale of electron dynamics in nanoscale solid state systems. Both an introduction for starting graduate students, as well as a look at the current state of the art in this hot and emerging field.
Attosecond Physics: Attosecond Measurements and Control of Physical Systems (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #177)
by Amelle Zaïr Ricardo Torres Luis PlajaAttophysics is an emerging field in physics devoted to the study and characterization of matter dynamics in the sub-femtosecond time scale. This book gives coverage of a broad set of selected topics in this field, exciting by their novelty and their potential impact. The book is written review-like. It also includes fundamental chapters as introduction to the field for non-specialist physicists. The book is structured in four sections: basics, attosecond pulse technology, applications to measurements and control of physical processes and future perspectives. It is a valuable reference tool for researchers in the field as well as a concise introduction to non-specialist readers.
Attosecond and Strong-Field Physics: Principles And Applications
by Cheng Jin Hui Wei C. D. Lin Anh-Thu LeProbing and controlling electrons and nuclei in matter at the attosecond timescale became possible with the generation of attosecond pulses by few-cycle intense lasers, and has revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure and molecular processes.<P><P> This book provides an intuitive approach to this emerging field, utilizing simplified models to develop a clear understanding of how matter interacts with attosecond pulses of light. An introductory chapter outlines the structure of atoms and molecules and the properties of a focused laser beam. Detailed discussion of the fundamental theory of attosecond and strong-field physics follows, including the molecular tunnelling ionization model (MO-ADK theory), the quantitative rescattering (QRS) model, and the laser induced electronic diffraction (LIED) theory for probing the change of atomic configurations in a molecule. Highlighting the cutting-edge developments in attosecond and strong field physics, and identifying future opportunities and challenges, this self-contained text is invaluable for students and researchers in the field.<P> Essential theoretical models for ionization, rescattering, high-order harmonic generation and attosecond pulse characterisation are applied to topics in each chapter.<P> Discussion of future research and experiments give readers a glimpse into the development of the field as laser technology advances.<P> Computer codes are provided, allowing readers to duplicate calculations in the book.
Attosecond and XUV Physics: Ultrafast Dynamics and Spectroscopy
by Marc Vrakking Thomas SchultzThis book provides fundamental knowledge in the fields of attosecond science and free electron lasers, based on the insight that the further development of both disciplines can greatly benefit from mutual exposure and interaction between the two communities. With respect to the interaction of high intensity lasers with matter, it covers ultrafast lasers, high-harmonic generation, attosecond pulse generation and characterization. Other chapters review strong-field physics, free electron lasers and experimental instrumentation. Written in an easy accessible style, the book is aimed at graduate and postgraduate students so as to support the scientific training of early stage researchers in this emerging field. Special emphasis is placed on the practical approach of building experiments, allowing young researchers to develop a wide range of scientific skills in order to accelerate the development of spectroscopic techniques and their implementation in scientific experiments. The editors are managers of a research network devoted to the education of young scientists, and this book idea is based on a summer school organized by the ATTOFEL network.
Attracted to Conflict: Dynamic Foundations Of Destructive Social Relations (Peace Psychology Book Series)
by Peter T. Coleman Andrzej Nowak Larry Liebovitch Andrea Bartoli Katharina Kugler Robin R. Vallacher Lan Bui-WrzosinskaConflict is inherent in virtually every aspect of human relations, from sport to parliamentary democracy, from fashion in the arts to paradigmatic challenges in the sciences, and from economic activity to intimate relationships. Yet, it can become among the most serious social problems humans face when it loses its constructive features and becomes protracted over time with no obvious means of resolution. This book addresses the subject of intractable social conflict from a new vantage point. Here, these types of conflict represent self-organizing phenomena, emerging quite naturally from the ongoing dynamics in human interaction at any scale--from the interpersonal to the international. Using the universal language and computational framework of nonlinear dynamical systems theory in combination with recent insights from social psychology, intractable conflict is understood as a system locked in special attractor states that constrain the thoughts and actions of the parties to the conflict. The emergence and maintenance of attractors for conflict can be described by means of formal models that incorporate the results of computer simulations, experiments, field research, and archival analyses. Multi-disciplinary research reflecting these approaches provides encouraging support for the dynamical systems perspective. Importantly, this text presents new views on conflict resolution. In contrast to traditional approaches that tend to focus on basic, short-lived cause-effect relations, the dynamical perspective emphasizes the temporal patterns and potential for emergence in destructive relations. Attractor deconstruction entails restoring complexity to a conflict scenario by isolating elements or changing the feedback loops among them. The creation of a latent attractor trades on the tendency toward multi-stability in dynamical systems and entails the consolidation of incongruent (positive) elements into a coherent structure. In the bifurcation scenario, factors are identified that can change the number and types of attractors in a conflict scenario. The implementation of these strategies may hold the key to unlocking intractable conflict, creating the potential for constructive social relations.
Attracting Beneficial Bugs to Your Garden: A Natural Approach to Pest Control
by Jessica WalliserWinner of the American Horticultural Society Book Award Insects are indeed valuable garden companions, especially the assassin bugs, damsel bugs, stink bugs, and other predatory carnivores that eat the insects that dine on your garden. Attracting Beneficial Bugs to Your Garden is a book about bugs and plants, and how to create a garden that benefits from both. In addition to information on companion planting and commercial options for purchasing bugs, there are 19 detailed bug profiles and 39 plant profiles. These profiles include a description, a photograph for identification, an explanation of what they can do to support pest control. Design plans show how to create a border specifically for the natural, sustainable inclusion of beneficial bugs in your garden.
Attracting PHDs to K-12 Education: A Demonstration Program for Science, Mathematics, and Technology
by National Research CouncilThe National Research Council (NRC) has undertaken a three-phase project to explore the possibility of a program to attract science, mathematics and engineering PhDs to careers in K-12 education. The first phase of the project surveyed the interests of recent PhDs in science and mathematics in pursuing careers in secondary education. Analysis of the Phase I data suggests that a significant percentage of PhDs might be interested in pursuing careers in secondary education under some circumstances. This report from the second phase of the project presents a proposal for a national demonstration program to determine how one might prepare PhDs to be productive members of the K-12 education community. The proposed program is designed to help meet the needs of the nation's schools, while providing further career opportunities for recent PhDs in science, mathematics and engineering.